117 resultados para redução do volume de calda


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Currently exists a growing concern for the preservation of the environment Around the world, the environmental awareness in Brazil has strengthened during the past two decades. This concern in Brazil arises from the creation of mechanisms of supervision and punishment on the part of the environmental agencies. In order to meet the pertinent legislation many public and private companies have performed dehydration of waste generated in the process of treatment of industrial effluents, waste water and water treatment in order to reduce transport and disposal costs. The use of geotextile tubes has proven technically and economically feasible to be applied in various situations from water treatment to mining tailings. This work presents the solution adopted for an environmental liability in water treatment plant through the use of geotextile tubes to reduce the water content of the disposal. We evaluated the size distribution curves, Atterberg limits, and chemical composition of the residue. Found high concentrations of aluminum in the waste which would characterize environmental pollution if disposed off directly in nature with no treatment

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Alterações de volemia podem ser causadas por diferentes situações fisiológicas como vômito, diarreia, aumento da ingestão de sódio, ou pelo uso de diuréticos. A depleção de sódio produzida pela injeção subcutânea (s.c.) do diurético furosemida acompanhada de uma dieta deficiente em sódio por 24 horas é um modelo amplamente utilizado no nosso laboratório para o estudo do apetite ao sódio. A depleção de sódio com o diurético furosemida promove um aumento da excreção de sódio e água, levando a alterações no balanço hidroeletrolítico corporal dos, ativando assim respostas comportamentais, hormonais e autonômicas para corrigir tais mudanças e restaurar a homeostase. Estudo do nosso laboratório demonstrou que apesar de apresentarem redução de volume plasmático, não se observa alterações significativas da pressão arterial em ratos com 24 h de depleção de sódio pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida combinado com uma dieta deficiente de sódio. Desta forma, no presente estudo investigamos o papel do sistema renina-angiotensina pela injeção periférica de losartan (antagonista de receptores AT1 de angiotensina) e do sistema vasopressinérgico pela injeção periférica de composto de Manning (antagonista de receptores V1 de vasopressina) na manutenção da pressão arterial de ratos depletados de sódio. Foram utilizados ratos Holtzman (280-300 g, n=73) com cateter inserido na artéria femoral para registro da pressão arterial pulsátil (PAP) e veia femoral para injeção intravenosa (i.v.) de losartan ou composto de Manning. A pressão arterial média (PAM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram calculadas a partir do registro da PAP. A depleção de sódio foi induzida pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida injetado subcutaneamente (s.c.) combinado com uma dieta deficiente em sódio por 24 h e livre acesso a água. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares foram medidos em ratos depletados de sódio (tratados...

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O trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de avaliacao qualitativa e quantitativa, com o uso de substancia tracadoras, nos estudos de deposicao em pulverizacao, com a possibilidade de variacao da tensao superficial da calda. Plantas de citros foram pulverizadas com solucao tracadora composta pelo corante Azul Brilhante na concentracao de 0,15% em mistura com o Saturn Yellow tambem a 0,15%, suspenso com o lignosulfonato Vixilperse a 0,015%. A pulverizacao foi realizada com turboatomizador Jacto, na velocidade de deslocamento de 2,8 km/h e volume de calda de 1830 L/ha. A tensao superficial da solucaotracadora pulverizada foi ajustada para 72,6 mN/m, mesma da agua, e com a reducao para 36,5 mN/m. Para as avaliacoes dos depositos, dividiu-se a planta em 12 setores, partes baixa, media e alta, coletando-se amostras nas partes externa e interna e nas posicoes frontal e perpendicular a pulverizacao. Em cada posicao de coleta na planta foram retiradas duas amostras de folhas, uma constituida de 10 folhas para avaliar a distribuicao e o deposito total de ambas as superficies das folhas, e outra com 6 folhas para avaliar a relacao do deposito individual entre as superficies inferior (abaxial) e superior (adaxial) das folhas. O escorrimento de calda para o solo foi avaliado colocando-se placas de petri, distanciadas de 20 cm entre si e linearmente, sob a projecao da copa, nos setores frontal e perpendicular a pulverizacao. Para cada tensao superficial testada coletou-se amostras em 5 plantas, considerando-se cada planta uma repeticao. A avaliacao qualitativa foi feita atraves da visualizacao da distribuicao do deposito sob luz ultravioleta e a determinacao da quantidade depositada atraves da espectrofotometria. A metodologia desenvolvida mostrou-se adequada para avaliacao dos depositos de pulverizacoes no campo, com a solucao tracadora, pela possibilidade de avaliar qualitativa e quantitativa

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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The great demand for animal protein was responsible for the increase on the broilers production and hence, the generation of waste from the poultry slaughter was increased as well, which in turn, propelled the development of techniques that allow the reuse and recycling of these wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of composting on the treatment and recycling of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse. The solid waste was from a commercial poultry slaughterhouse and was composed of viscera, muscle, fat, bone, blood and feathers that was mixed with a source of carbon, rice husk. Initially, a windrow with a volume of 1.5m(3) was built, and then some parameters were monitored: temperature, total solids (TS), volatile (VS), N, P, K, organic carbon (C), composting organic matter (COC), organic matter resistant to composting (MORC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), mass and volume of the windrow, most probable number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms, as well as their reductions during the process. The maximum temperature reached in the center of the windrow was 53.3 degrees C (weekly average) since reductions of weight of TS and VS and volume during the pre-composting were 36.1, 44.3 and 23.3%, respectively and during the composting process was 21.8, 23.8 and 4.4%. The low volume reduction can be associated with high concentrations of MORC (40.1%) which can be mainly related to the quality of the carbon source. The process produced satisfactory total reductions of TS, VS and volume that were respectively, 50.1, 57.5 and 26.7%. However reductions were observed in 43% of amount of nitrogen in the final compound. Despite reductions in nitrogen content, composting proved to be an effective method in the treatment of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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The Asian rust currently is the main disease of soybean culture, having as characteristics the difficult control, by start at the bottom of plants where penetration of the droplets is harder. The fine droplets has been used with the intention of improve the penetration and increase efficiency of agrochemicals, but that are losses by drift easily. New products have been developed to increase deposition of the drops at targets. The aim of this work was evaluate the TA- 35 capacity to improving the deposition of fungicides spray solution with or without mineral oil by aerial and ground applications. Was used a factorial 3x2, three spray solutions composed by Priori Xtra (concentrated suspension of azoxystrobin 200 g L-1 + cyproconazole 80 g L-1 ) mixed with adjuvants, Nimbus (emulsifiable concentrate containing aliphatic hydrocarbons 428 g L-1 ) and TA-35 (soluble concentrate containing sodium lauryl ether sulfate, surfactants, sequestering agents and emulsifiers), in aerial and ground applications. In ground applications was used 50 L ha-1 , TXA 8002 VS spray nozzles and on aerials was used 15 L ha-1 , Turboaero atomizer, both applying fine droplets. Was utilized the Brilliant Blue (FD & C n. 1) tracer to determine the deposits. There were used glass slides as targets to collect spray droplets. After to extract the tracer of the targets using distilled water, the samples were analyzed by spectrophotometry, thereby was possible quantify the tracer deposited on each glass slide. A study to evaluate possible losses of the tracer by degradation or retention also was done. The comparative analysis of treatments was done by statistical method "Confidence Interval for Differences Between the Averages" with 95% of confidence degree (IC95%). There was degradation or retention of the tracer between the processes of application of the droplets and the processing of the samples. The deposition averages with the presence of TA-35 were greatest for both sprayers however, there were not significant differences among the treatments. The viability of TA-35 use may consider other parameters or complementary studies.

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The application of pesticides is one of the most important steps in the agricultural production process. The spray volume can directly affect application success, and this parameter is directly dependent on the displacement speed of the sprayer. In conventional systems, the operator has to maintain a constant speed to ensure uniform application along the tracks. In order to improve over application quality and preserve levels of precision for applied doses; the use of electronic flow control systems allows for automatic adjustment of volume applied over the area when there is a change in velocity during application. The objective of this research was to study the response times of a flow controller with DGPS for aerial application subjected to variations of velocity in laboratory simulated flight conditions. For this purpose, a bench test has been developed including software for simulating DGPS signals, which was used to simulate different flight speeds and conditions. The results showed the average response time from the flow controller to a change in velocity to be between 6 and 20 seconds. Variations in total flow and the controller setting had a significant influence on response time with situations where there was interaction between the factors being evaluated. There was a tendency for better response times using a constant setting for the control algorithm other than that specified by the manufacturer. The flow controller presented an average error rates below 2% in all evaluated operating conditions, providing satisfactory accuracy in determining the output of product in different test situations.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)