Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e fatores associados em São Paulo, SP, 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional com 1.441 indivíduos de ambos os sexos e com 40 anos de idade ou mais no município de São Paulo, SP, entre 2008 e 2009. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e os participantes foram selecionados a partir de amostragem probabilística, estratificada por sexo e idade, e por conglomerados em dois estágios (setores censitários e domicílios). Foi realizada regressão múltipla de Poisson na análise ajustada. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 4,2% (IC95% 3,1;5,4) referiram doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Após análise ajustada, identificaram-se os seguintes fatores independentemente associados ao agravo: número de cigarros fumados na vida (> 1.500/nenhum) RP = 3,85 (IC95%: 1,87;7,94), cansar-se com facilidade (sim/não) RP = 2,61 (IC95% 1,39;4,90), idade (60 a 69 anos/50 a 59 anos) RP = 3,27 (IC95% 1,01;11,24), idade (70 anos e mais/50 a 59 anos) RP = 4,29 (IC95% 1,30;14,29), problemas de saúde nos últimos 15 dias (sim/não) RP = 1,31 (IC95% 1,02;1,77), e atividade física no tempo livre (sim/não) RP = 0,57 (IC95% 0,26;0,97). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica é elevada e está associada ao uso do tabaco e idade acima de 60 anos. Os problemas de saúde freqüentes e redução da atividade física no tempo livre podem ser considerados conseqüências dessa doença.

Prevalência de asma e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, SP, 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de asma em crianças e adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.185 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos de São Paulo, SP, de 2008 a 2009. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e os participantes foram selecionados a partir de amostragem probabilística, estratificada por sexo e idade, e por conglomerados em dois estágios (setores censitários e domicílios). Foi realizada regressão múltipla de Poisson na análise ajustada entre o desfecho e variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, estilo de vida e condições de saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 9,1% (IC95% 7,0;11,7) referiram asma. Após análise ajustada, identificaram-se os seguintes fatores independentemente associados ao agravo: idade (zero a quatro anos/15 a 19) RP = 3,18 (IC95% 1,20;8,42), idade (cinco a nove anos/15 a 19) RP = 6,37 (IC95% 2,64;15,39), idade (10 a 14 anos/15 a 19) RP = 4,51 (IC95% 1,95;10,40), alergia (sim/não) RP = 2,22 (IC95% 1,24;4,00), rinite (sim/não) RP = 2,13 (IC95% 1,22;3,73), problemas de saúde nos 15 dias prévios à entrevista (sim/não) RP = 1,96 (IC95% 1,23;3,11), número de cômodos no domicílio (1 a 3/4 e mais) RP = 1,67 (IC95% 1,05;2,66), e cor da pele (preta e parda/branca) RP = 2,00 (IC95% 1,14;3,49). CONCLUSÕES: Os achados do presente estudo apontam a importância da asma associada à presença de rinite e alergia, idade entre cinco e nove anos, cor da pele preta e parda e moradia com menor número de cômodos. Os frequentes problemas de saúde podem ser considerados consequência dessa doença.

Joint (X)over-bar and R charts with variable sample sizes and sampling intervals

Recent studies have shown that the (X) over bar chart with variable sampling intervals (VSI) and/or with variable sample sizes (VSS) detects process shifts faster than the traditional (X) over bar chart. This article extends these studies for processes that are monitored by both the (X) over bar and R charts. A Markov chain model is used to determine the properties of the joint (X) over bar and R charts with variable sample sizes and sampling intervals (VSSI). The VSSI scheme improves the joint (X) over bar and R control chart performance in terms of the speed with which shifts in the process mean and/or variance are detected.

Sampling mobility index: Case study in Assis - Brazil

The objective of this work is to present an index which may synthesize a set of indicators of mobility for medium size cities urban centers. Three great areas were selected to compose the mobility index: pedestrians, motor vehicles and cycling. The Sampling Mobility Index is given by the sum of the punctuation the indicators selected and can to result in 700 points, the best result to mobility, and 0 points, the worse to mobility. The result obtained is given by the Sampling Mobility Index equal to 390. This result indicates a critical situation in Assis, as far as mobility is concerned. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A CLUSTER MODEL FOR HYBRIDS

A model for describing hybrid spectroscopy similar to the diquark model for baryons is presented. Mass and r.m.s. radii are calculated and compared with experimental results.

Esterase patterns and phylogenetic relationships of species and strains included in the Drosophila buzzatii cluster

Ten strains of two species in the Drosophila buzzatii cluster (D. serido and D. seriema) were examined as to esterase patterns using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The migration rate of esterases, and their substrate specificity to alpha and beta naphthyl acetates, were analysed. Other esterase features such as inhibition behaviour, presence in males and females and location in the head, thorax or abdomen of flies, were also examined. The present data,together with results obtained by others for eight strains of D. koepferae, D. serido, D. seriema and D. buzzatii, show that 69 bands have been detected in the eighteen strains studied. This total number of bands was used for comparison of strains and species by similarity index, analysis of dependence and cluster analysis. The comparisons confirmed the existence of a high degree of similarity among D. seriema strains and among D. koepferae strains, but indicated differentiation among the D. serido strains. Two strains (D69R2 and D69R5) which differed from the others of the latter species, showed closer affinities with D. buzzatii, which indicates the need for further work on those strains classified as D. serido.

Methodology for load compensation in four-wire electrical power systems based on instantaneous sampling

This work describes a methodology for power factor control and correction of the unbalanced currents in four-wire electric circuits. The methodology is based on the insertion of two compensation networks, one wye-grounded neutral and other in delta, in parallel to the load. The mathematical development has been proposed in previous work [3]. In this paper, however, the determination of the compensation susceptances is based on the instantaneous values of load currents. The results are obtained using the MatLab-Simulink enviroment

ALTERNATIVE SAMPLING STRATEGY FOR A RANDOM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

Alternative sampling procedures are compared to the pure random search method. It is shown that the efficiency of the algorithm can be improved with respect to the expected number of steps to reach an epsilon-neighborhood of the optimal point.

VSSI (X)over-bar charts with sampling at fixed times

A standard (X) over bar chart for controlling the process mean takes samples of size no at specified, equally-spaced, fixed-time points. This article proposes a modification of the standard (X) over bar chart that allows one to take additional samples, bigger than no, between these fixed times. The additional samples are taken from the process when there is evidence that the process mean moved from target. Following the notation proposed by Reynolds (1996a) and Costs (1997) we shortly call the proposed (X) over bar chart as VSSIFT (X) over bar chart: where VSSIFT means variable sample size and sampling intervals with fixed times. The (X) over bar chart with the VSSIFT feature is easier to be administered than a standard VSSI (X) over bar chart that is not constrained to sample at the specified fixed times. The performances of the charts in detecting process mean shifts are comparable.

Cluster Coordination and Photoluminescence Properties of alpha-Ag2WO4 Microcrystals

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluation of survey methods for sampling anuran species richness in the neotropics.

Species richness is central to ecological theory, with practical applications in conservation, environmental management and monitoring. Several techniques are available for measuring species richness and composition of amphibians in breeding pools, but the relative efficacy of these methods for sampling high-diversity Neotropical amphibian fauna is poorly understood. I evaluated seven studies from south and south-eastern Brazil to compare the relative and combined effectiveness of two methods for measuring species richness at anuran breeding pools: acoustic surveys with visual encounter of adults and dipnet surveys of larvae. I also compared the relative efficacy of each survey method in detecting species with different reproductive modes. Results showed that both survey methods underestimated the number of species when used separately; however, a close approximation of the actual number of species in each breeding pool was obtained when the methods were combined. There was no difference between survey methods in detecting species with different reproductive modes. These results indicate that researchers should employ multiple survey methods that target both adult and larval life history stages in order to accurately assess anuran species richness at breeding pools in the Neotropics.

Estimates of genetic parameters, and cluster and principal components analyses of breeding values related to egg production traits in a White Leghorn population

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)