Efeitos da obesidade induzida por dieta sobre a resposta vascular adaptativa ao estresse agudo em ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estresse oxidativo e lipoperoxidação devido à anemia induzida por perda aguda de sangue em ovinos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Administração subcrônica de nicotina modifica as respostas neuroendócrina e neuroquímica induzidas pelo teste de natação forçada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Infrared LED irradiation photobiomodulation of oxidative stress in human dental pulp cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Acute aerocystitis in Nile tilapia bred in net cages and supplemented with chromium carbochelate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Alterações hematológicas em cães e gatos sob estresse

The leukocyte count interpretation on the blood helps on understanding about the possible dysfunction showed by the animal. In general, an abnormal leukogram allows the identification of pathological process. A lot of events lead to an increase in the number of neutrophils, among then, inflammatory process, infection and stress. Dependent on the stress mediator that the animal is submited, the leukocyte alteration will be different. Is important to know how the stress acts on the animal organism, changing the hematological parameters, in order to avoid mistakes on diseases‟ diagnosis. It‟s known that after a stress situation, it‟s expected that stress leukogram appears on the hemogram of the animal. However there are different kinds of stress with different responses. It‟s believed that when the animal is under an acute stress situation, a clinical picture of physiologic leukocytosis occurs which is mediated by the epinephrine. This is characterized by neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinofilia. The physiologic leukocytosis is a transient alteration in the leukogram that occurs within minutes of the stimulus and due to fleeting effect of catecolamines it resolves within 20 to 30 minutes. However, if the animal is under chronicle stress, as solitude, it „s expected to find the stress leukogram on the leukogram, that can be noted especially in dogs. The stress leukogram is characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis and eosinopenia. This kind of stress is induced by the glucocorticoids. It´s important to understand that stress leukogram takes time to occur. The variation on time depends on the animal species, although, in general, the glucocorticoides have a peak effects among 4 to 8 hours, which can last from 24 hours to 2 or 3 days

Chronic stress improves NO- and Ca2+flux-dependent vascular function: a pharmacological study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ethanol intake-induced apoptosis in glial cells and axonal disorders in the cerebellar white matter of UChA rats (voluntary ethanol consumers)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Strategic feed formulation for relation of electrolytes to promote performance and prevent heat stress in broilers

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact in relation of dietary electrolytes, based on changes in the balance Na+K-Cl (DEB) and the ratio (K+Cl)/Na (DER) on the performance and survival of broilers subjected to acute heat stress. A total of 1575 male broiler chicks from 1 to 46 d of age were allocated in a 5x3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, totaling of 15 treatments with 3 replicates of 35 birds each. The treatments consisted of 5 diets with electrolyte balances, arising from combinations DEB/DER (150/3, 250/2, 250/3, 250/4 and 350/3), associated with different times of application or not of the acute heat stress on birds at 25 and 36 d old. All diets were cornsoybean meal based and formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements. Chicks had ad libitum access to feed and water in floor pens with wood shavings as litter. It was possible to verify that a DEB of 250 mEq/kg and a DER very close to the 3:1 providing a more nutritionally adequate diet. There was, however, the impossibility of obtaining a more suitable electrolyte ratio for a very low DEB (150 mEq/kg) or very high (350 mEq/kg) and also, to a very narrow DER (2:1) or very wide (4:1), due to an unfavorable performance and survival rate of birds in these conditions electrolytes adjustments of K, Na and Cl. There was clear indication, with significant difference (P < 0.05), that the DER has the potential to improve the performance of broilers, since simultaneous adjustment made in DEB, even in conditions of acute stress. The results of performance and survival rate of this study also indicate clearly that DER could not replace the DEB, and vice versa, in practical diets for broilers. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the strategic formulation of the correct electrolyte balance for DEB and DER enhances the performance and is able to prevent the effect of heat stress in broiler chickens, leading to better performance and survival.

Dietary electrolytes and thermal conditioning: minimizing heat stress in broilers

In tropical climates the heat is one of the major constraints to production of broilers and is responsible for inducing a high mortality, especially in the finishing phase. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the thermal conditioning early (TC) and feed formulation using dietary electrolytes (DE). Therefore, the electrolyte balance of K+Na-Cl was set at 350 mEq/kg and electrolyte ratio (K+Cl)/Na) in the 3:1 program PPFR (http://www.fmva.unesp.br/ppfr). A total of 300 Cobb 500 1-dold male broiler chicks was randomly allocated to 24 floor pens with six replicates per treatment in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (with and without TC and with and without DE). Dietary treatments consisted: (T1) a traditional diet without TC; (T2) traditional diet with TC; (T3) with the application of dietary electrolyte and without TC and (T4) application of dietary electrolyte with TC. The thermal conditioning was conducted at 5 d of age (36°C for 24 h), only half of the batch (150 birds). After this period, all birds were transferred to boxes of 1.5 x3m (12 birds / box), with wood shavings reused as litter. Chicks were exposed to acute stress (36°C) for 8 h at the age 36, in all treatments, being electronically monitored the temperature and humidity of the microclimate of the birds. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, even during periods of stress. Were measured performance data (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) and mortality rate. The early thermal conditioning (T2) and effect of dietary electrolytes (T3) were effective to minimize the mortality of broilers subjected to acute heat stress with a significant difference (P<0.05), without prejudice on broiler performance. The results also showed that there was a more favorable effect when applied dietary electrolytes and thermal conditioning simultaneously (treatment T4). However, for the treatment none of these strategies has been applied (T1), the mortality rate was 83% over that in which they were applied (T4). It was concluded from this study that both techniques: the thermal conditioning early as the dietary electrolytes are efficacious in minimize the damaging effects caused by heat broiler.

Effects of mineral stress on the vegetative development of greenhouse-grown bell pepper plants

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da função ventricular na técnica de plicatura da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Role of brain nitric oxide in the thermoregulation of broiler chicks

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to Streptococcus agalactiae: effects of vaccination and yeast diet supplement

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with 0.3% Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall and of vaccination against Streptococcus agalactiae on the cellular component of acute inflammation induced in the coelomic cavity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and on survival of the fish after challenge. A total of 84 tilapia of mean (+/- SD) weight 125.0 +/- 1.5 g were distributed among twelve 310 l fiberglass tanks according to a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design in the following manner: with and without supplementation; 2 stimulations (oily solution without S. agalactiae vaccine and vaccination); 15 d later all fish were intracoelomically challenged with 10(8) CFU ml(-1) of a homologous strain of S. agalactiae, and evaluated after 6, 24 and 48 h, with 7 replicates. The fish received the non-supplemented or supplemented diet for a total of 77 d. The vaccination was performed on the 60th day, intracoelomically, as a single injection of 0.5 ml of the vaccine containing 10(8) CFU ml(-1). Fifteen days later, all the fish were challenged with S. agalactiae by means of an intracoelomic inoculation of 10(8) CFU ml(-1). No mortality was observed among the supplemented fish. The fish that were fed the non-supplemented diet and immunized with the bacterium presented a mortality rate of 28.5%. Among the non-supplemented and non-immunized fish, the mortality rate was 38.09%. Supplementation, in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish, induced larger accumulations of thrombocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages at the inflammatory focus. The results suggest that supplementation with 0.3% yeast cell wall, in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish, improved the inflammatory response of the fish and protected against the challenge. Vaccination increased the defense response, but the effect was stronger when associated with supplementation with S. cerevisiae.

Social separation and diazepam withdrawal increase anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and serotonin turnover in the median raphe and hippocampus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)