MINERAL NITROGEN SUBSTITUTION BY CHICKEN LITTER IN SUCCESSION OAT/CORN

The constant search for sustainability of production systems have driven research to find alternatives to the problems arising from the intensified use such systems. In this context the present work aimed study the effects of substitution of mineral nitrogen by chicken litter in oat and corn crop in succession and the chemical characteristics of soil. The study was conducted during the period May 2009 to March 2010 in area of Oxisol. The design was of randomized block with four replications. The six treatments were obtained by a combination of different amounts of chicken litter (0, 1500, 3000, 4500, 6000 and 7500 kg ha(-1)) applied 30 days before the sowing of oats combined with the mineral nitrogen applied in coverage in corn (311.1, 257.8, 202.2, 148.9, 95.6, 42.2 kg ha(-1) of urea), for the total supply of 140 kg ha(-1) of nitrogen (N). The application of poultry litter in oat promotes increased the production of dry matter, and content and accumulation of N. The mineral nitrogen substitution by chicken litter increases the yield of corn crop. The use of poultry litter alters the chemical properties of soil, increasing the levels of organic matter, exchangeable Al and acidity potential. However lowers the pH, K, Ca, Mg, sum of bases and base saturation.

Proposta de restaura����o de mata ciliar utilizando t��cnicas de nuclea����o no munic��pio de Regente Feij��

This monograph, presented in order to obtain the title of Environmental Engineer, proposes the use of nucleation techniques for the restoration of permanent preservation areas formed by three springs that contribute to the formation of Santo Anastacio river, city of Regent Feijo ��� S��o Paulo. Through Mine Water Project, landowners are encouraged to restore and conserve springs that contribute to the public water supply, being paid through the fees for environmental services. Once the simulation of this payment was reached at R$ 630.00 per year. Nucleation techniques will be proposed in order to facilitate the ecological succession, through techniques known as transposition of the soil, transposition of the branches, artificial perches and planting in groups of Anderson, totaling 81 cores covering an area of 208.3 m2 which corresponds to 1.9% of the total area to be restored. Made the survey of forest fragments in the watershed, it was found that only 12.39% of the total area has remnant vegetation

Estimation of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Height and Distribution in Nova Avanhandava Reservoir (S��o Paulo State, Brazil) Using Bio-Optical Modeling

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Fauna ed��fica na din��mica sucessional da Mata Atl��ntica em floresta estacional semidecidual na Bacia do Rio Para��ba do Sul - RJ

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Distribui����o natural de esp��cies arb��reas em ��reas com diferentes n��veis de antropiza����o e rela����o com os atributos qu��micos do solo

With the emergence of areas degraded by human activities, the chemical soil properties and silvicultural characters became important in understanding the succession process of tree species and planning of landscape restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of tree species in areas with different levels of human disturbance, relating silvicultural aspects to the soil chemical properties and characterizing the type of vegetation, for integration of genetic conservation program in situ. The study was conducted in the area of Research and Extension Experimental Farm (FEPE) from UNESP, Ilha Solteira, in Selviria - MS. Through transect, 64 plots were marked 50 m equidistant with dimensions of 10 x 10 m, where: 29 plots were in an highly disturbed area (HDA), five in moderately disturbed area (MDA), 15 in lowly disturbed area (LDA), six in riparian stream of Vestia river (Riparian Forest) and nine in the legal reserve. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0.0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m) for the chemical analysis and the assessment of silvicultural characters, such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and shape. The study of the natural distribution of tree species and edaphic condition in the different evaluated areas showed that: the soil chemical properties associated with the level of human disturbance and conservation of the areas are influencing the natural occurrence, species diversity and development of the trees. Height, DBH and shape are good indicators to assess the growth of the tree community and relate them to soil chemical properties; LDA and legal reserve presented higher natural occurrence, number of individuals and number of species. In the riparian forest, basal area values, height, shape and chemical soil properties were higher. From the 97 species found, six have the potential to be used in a program of genetic conservation in situ. They are: Astronium fraxinifolium, Terminalia argentea, Curatella americana, Cupania vernalis, Qualea jundiahy and Andira cuyabensis.

Deriving vegetation indices for phenology analysis using genetic programming

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

NDVI and vegetation phenology dynamics under the influence of sunshine duration on the Tibetan plateau

Climate change has significantly influenced vegetation dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Past research mainly focused on vegetation responses to temperature variation and water stress, but the influence of sunshine duration on NDVI and vegetation phenology on the TP is not well understood. In this study, NDVI time series from 1982-2008 were used to retrieve spatiotemporal vegetation dynamics on the TP. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was conducted to understand the spatiotemporal variations of NDVI. The Start of Season (SOS) was estimated from NDVI time series with a local threshold method. The first EOF, accounting for 35.1% of NDVI variations on the TP, indicates that NDVI variations are larger in areas with shorter sunshine duration. The needle-leaved forest and shrub in the southeastern TP are more sensitive to sunshine duration anomalies (p < 0.01) than broad-leaved forest, steppe, and meadow due to spatial and altitudinal distribution of sunshine duration and vegetation types. The decrease in sunshine duration for the growing season on the TP has resulted in a decreased NDVI trend in some areas of southeastern TP (p ranging from 0.32-0.05 with threshold ranging from 0.05 to 0.25) in spite of the overall NDVI increase. SOS dynamics in most parts of the TP were mainly related to temperature variability, with precipitation and sunshine duration playing a role in a few regions. This study enhances our understanding of vegetation responses to climatic change on the TP.

Combining ALOS/PALSAR derived vegetation structure and inundation patterns to characterize major vegetation types in the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon floodplain, Brazil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Metacommunity versus Biogeography: a case study of two groups of neotropical vegetation-dwelling arthropods

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Assessing the dynamic of structural changes in Cerrado vegetation of protected and non-protected areas using NDVI

The structure of Brazilian savannah, named locally as ���cerrado���, tends to change if the human pressures, such as pasture and intensive fire, are suppressed showing a densification of the physiognomies throughout the time. Vegetation Index acquired from remotely sensed data has been a proper way to study and monitoring large areas, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is one of the most used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamic of structural changes in protected and non-protected areas of cerrado vegetation using NDVI. For this purpose, three cerrado fragments in the state of S��o Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated for a 26 year time span from 1985 and 2011, being two of them protected against anthropogenic interference. Landsat 5 ���Thematic Mapper images were used and processed in ArcGIS. In the protected areas NDVI indicated that the vegetation followed the expected trend of changes for cerrado, with more open physiognomies tending to be denser throughout this period of 26 years, whereas in the non-protected fragment the NDVI evidences human pressure, showing lower phytomass in 2011. NDVI showed to be efficient in detecting and monitoring changes in cerrado vegetation structure, and can be useful to study both, the natural dynamics of cerrado vegetation and the anthropogenic interference in protected areas.

O componente arb��reo na Esta����o Ecol��gica de Assis, Estado de S��o Paulo: flor��stica e din��mica da comunidade

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)