Efeito dos sistemas de manejo do solo e da cobertura de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Lâminas de água e diferentes tipos de cobertura de solo na cultura do pimentão amarelo sob cultivo protegido

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Áreas verdes urbanas, imagem e uso: um estudo geográfico sobre a cidade de Maringá – PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desempenho operacional de semeadora-adubadorae perdas na colheita do milho em sistema de plantio direto

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Decomposição de resíduos vegetais de culturas de entressafra em sistema de semeadura direta e efeitos nos atributos químicos de um Latossolo e na produtividade de soja e milho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Plantas de cobertura em rotação com soja e milho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da Cultura do Pimentão (capsicum Annuum L.) Nos Elementos Ambientais em Ambiente Protegido

No presente trabalho foram avaliados os elementos ambientais: temperatura do solo, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, nas condições de ambiente protegido (coberto com polietileno) e de campo, num período sem cultura (solo sem cobertura vegetal) e num outro com a cultura do pimentão, em anos diferentes, nas condições climáticas de Botucatu, SP. O híbrido de pimentão utilizado foi o Margarita, que apresenta frutos vermelhos quando maduros. A temperatura do solo foi monitorada por dois sensores eletrônicos instalados a 0,1m de profundidade, sendo um na condição de ambiente protegido e outro na condição de campo, e a temperatura e umidade do ar foram monitoradas por dois sensores eletrônicos instalados a 2m de altura (ambiente protegido e campo). O efeito do pimentão alterando o microclima de cultivo foi observado na temperatura do solo, que apresentou menores valores do índice no período com a cultura, uma vez que o dossel funcionou como uma barreira física que impediu que a radiação solar chegasse ao solo. Os valores encontrados para o índice da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no período sem a cultura foram muito próximos aos encontrados no período com a cultura, não caracterizando o efeito do pimentão sobre essas variáveis.

Teores e estoque de carbono em frações lábeis e recalcitrantes da matéria orgânica do solo sob integração lavoura-pecuária no bioma Cerrado

The study of organic matter and its compartments and their relationship with management, aims to develop strategies for increasing their levels in soils and better understanding of its dynamics. This work aimed to evaluate the fractions of soil organic matter and their carbon stocks in different soil cover system in crop-livestock integration and native Cerrado vegetation. The study was conducted at the farm Cabeceira, Maracaju-MS, sample area have the following history: soybean/corn + brachiaria/cotton/oat + pasture/soybean/formation of pasture/grazing, sampling was carried out in two seasons, dry (May/2009) and rainy (March 2010), in the dry season, crops present were: pasture, corn and cotton + brachiaria and in the rainy season were corn, cotton and soybeans, so the areas in the two evaluation periods were: pasture / maize + brachiaria / cotton, cotton / soybean area and a native of Savanna. Was performed to determine the exchangeable cations, particle size analysis, bulk density, organic carbon, particle size fractionation of organic matter of the soil with the quantification of particulate organic carbon (POC) and organic carbon associated with minerals (OCam). Was also quantified the carbon stock and size fractions. The area of pasture / maize showed higher carbon stock in the particulate fraction in the topsoil. The area of cotton / soy due to its lower clay, showed the greatest loss of carbon. Because of the areas have the same history, the stock of more recalcitrant fraction was not sensitive to variations in coverage. The POC fraction appears more sensitive to different soil covers and seasonality.

Sistemas de cultivo com milho e braquiária e nitrogênio em cobertura no feijoeiro em sucessão no plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Weed suppression in the formation of brachiarias under three sowing methods

The success of conservation systems such as no-till depends on adequate soil cover throughout the year, which is possible through the use of cover crops. For this purpose the species belonging to the genus Urochloa has stood out by virtue of its hardiness and tolerance to drought. Aiming ground cover for the no-till system, the objective was to evaluate the establishment of two species of the genus Urochloa, in three sowing methods, in the weed suppression and the sensitivity of these forages to glyphosate. The study design was a randomized block with a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, in which factor A was composed of Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa hybrid CIAT 36087 cv. Mulato II, factor B was formed by sowing methods: sown without embedding, sown with light embedding and sown in rows, and factor C was composed of three doses of glyphosate (0.975, 1.625 and 2.275 kg ha(-1) of acid equivalent). For determination of weed suppression, assessment of biomass yield and soil cover was performed, by brachiaria and weeds, at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 258 days after sowing. Visual assessment of the desiccation efficiency at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application was performed. It is concluded that embedding Urochloa seeds stands out in relation to sowing in the soil surface. Urochloa ruziziensis is more efficient in the dry weight yield, weed suppression, in addition to being more sensitive to glyphosate herbicide.

Supressão de plantas daninhas utilizando plantas de cobertura do solo

This study aimed to evaluate soil cover and the suppressive effect on weeds by different cover crops at different seed densities. The experiments were set up in Votuporanga, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil and in Selviria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in March 2008, after conventional tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, using the following cover crops at different seed densities per hectare: Sorghum bicolor: 6, 7 and 8 kg ha(-1), Pennisetum americanum, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha(-1), Sorghum sudanense, 12, 15 and 18 kg ha(-1), hybrid of Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense: 8, 9 and 10 kg ha(-1), Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 and 16 kg ha(-1). A control treatment with spontaneous vegetation was used. Soybean was sown after the management of cover crops. Dry matter and weed density were evaluated at cutting/harvesting of cover crops. In Votuporanga, another assessment of weed plants was made at 35 days after soybean had been sown. The ground cover provided by cover crops was assessed at the time of desiccation and flowering of soybeans. It was concluded that U. ruziziensis and S. sudanense reduced weed infestations by more than 90% and kept ground cover above 80% by the time of flowering of soybean.

Perdas de solo e índices de vegetação: proposta metodológica para a determinação do fator C (MEUPS) em pastagens e cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de métodos de proteção para taludes em estrada não-pavimentada

This work presents the results of the efficiency of three protection methods of roads slopes, against the development of erosion processes.The methods anlyzed were: (1) grass planting "San Carlos" (Axonopus compressus), (2) litter, composed of remains of branches and leaves of eucalyptus E. Grandis, and (3) Compacted soil cover with a local soil with properties more resistant to erosion processes.The experiment consisted of assembly of four rectangular cells with 6 meters, three for protection systems in study and one was kept unprotected to evaluate the efficiency of the methods in study.The determination of the amount of eroded sediment was based on the sum of the solids in suspension and stored sediments in the geotextile bags.The results showed that, compared to the unprotected cell, the litter obtained a reduction of soil loss of 90%, while the grass enveloped and reduced 80% and 65% respectively.

Características agronômicas e demanda energética de cultivares de soja sob efeito dos sistemas de preparo do solo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preparation: intermediate grade, minimum tillage and no-till on the agronomic characteristics and energy demand of transgenic soybean cultivars and non-GMO soybeans. Soil preparation aims at improving physical, chemical and biological conditions, aiming at good emergence and plant development. The different types of tillage may interfere with the agronomic characteristics and productivity of plants, and in energy use which can cause variation in production costs. Genetically modified plants can be one of the alternatives for reduction of production costs in crops by reducing pesticide applications, enabling higher productivity with less environmental impact. The test was conducted in 2010/2011 at the agricultural Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences – UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu, SP in an area using no-till systems for the past 12 years. The experiment was carried out in a 3 x 2 factorial, randomized treatments were comprised of three soil preparation systems, minimum cultivation, intermediate grade preparation and no-till, with two cultivars of soybeans: MGBR-46 Conquest (conventional), Valuable RR (Transgenic). The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis using Tukey test at a 5% probability. With the results analyzed it might be observed that there was no significant difference between treatments, in the variables, the percentage of soil cover, final soybean plant population, grain yield and plant height. The results obtained show that the no-till system resulted in higher productivity than conventional tillage and minimum cultivation. The higher specific energy use per area was observed in minimum cultivation with a chisel plough, when compared to the preparation across the grid. The greatest fuel consumption was to treat minimum cultivation with chisel plough. The highest values were found in the skating system of minimum cultivation, being greater in conventional tillage system. It is more satisfactory for the producer to sow transgenic soy using a no-till system, because productivity retrieved from that system compensates for fuel expenditure.

Aplicação de nitrogênio em forrageiras e produção da cultura da soja em sucessão no sistema plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA