Microbiology quality in continuous water flow fish ponds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Distribution of Taenia saginata metacestodes: a comparison of routine meat inspection and carcase dissection results in experimentally infected calves

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Search for Salmonella spp. in ostrich productive chain of Brazilian southeast region

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efficiency of seed treatment with fungicides in castor bean crop genotypes

With the objective of assessing castor bean genotypes in relation to the influence of seeds treatment on agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of seeds, two experiments were conducted between November, 2005 and March, 2006. In the first study, experimental design used was randomized complete blocks, in factorial scheme (2 x 10), by comparing Lyra hybrid and AL Guarany 2002 cultivar and nine fungicides, including its mixtures and test, with four repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, medium yield and observation of diseases incidence were evaluated. In the second study, conducted in randomized entirely design, in factorial scheme 2 x 10 with four repetitions, Savana and AL Guarany 2002 genotypes were analyzed, using the same fungicides. Germination, infected and dead seeds, vigor, initial moisture content and simulation of field emergency and seeds sanitary quality were also evaluated. The results obtained point that there is positive influence of seed treatment on agronomic characteristics in castor bean crop, increasing grain yield for AL Guarany cultivar and Lyra hybrid. In the analysis of seed quality, it was observed that seed treatments with fungicides and their mixtures provided superior percentages of germination and vigor, reduced the number of infected and dead seeds and increased seeds emergency for Guarany 2002 cultivar and Savana hybrid.

Nitrogênio em cobertura e qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de painço (Panicum miliaceum L.)

O nitrogênio pode influenciar a qualidade das sementes de várias culturas e os seus efeitos variam com as condições ambientais e o estádio de desenvolvimento da planta em que a aplicação é realizada. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da adubação nitrogenada na qualidade de sementes da cultura do painço (Panicum miliaceum L.). O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de painço, cv. AL Tibagi, produzidas em condições de campo. As sementes foram produzidas no período de dezembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006 e as avaliações laboratoriais realizadas de março a agosto de 2006. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, constituído pela combinação de quatro doses (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N) e duas épocas de aplicação (14 e 28 dias após a emergência - DAE) do fertilizante nitrogenado (uréia) em cobertura, com quatro repetições. A aplicação de N aumentou o vigor das sementes, expresso pelos testes de envelhecimento acelerado e emergência em campo. A aplicação de nitrogênio aos 28 DAE da cultura do painço proporciona maiores IVE e porcentagem de emergência em campo. A sanidade de sementes de painço não é influenciada pelas doses e épocas de aplicação da adubação nitrogenada.

Levantamento epidemiológico das parasitoses intestinais: viés analítico decorrente do tratamento profilático

As parasitoses intestinais constituem um grave problema de saúde pública, especialmente nos países subdesenvolvidos, sendo esse problema associado e agravado por condições sanitárias precárias e falta de informação. Neste trabalho foram avaliados alguns parâmetros epidemiológicos vinculados às principais enteroparasitoses em diferentes regiões da cidade de Assis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram confrontados com aqueles obtidos em um levantamento anterior referente ao ano de 1991 e apresentam uma redução de três pontos percentuais. Há indícios de que, antiparasitários estariam sendo distribuídos profilaticamente, antes dos resultados do exame parasitológico de fezes. Este fato pode levar a importantes implicações epidemiológicas e distorções analíticas. Esta conduta terapêutica pode estar ocultando condições sanitárias e/ou educacionais desfavoráveis, de forma que haveria uma baixa prevalência de parasitoses em razão de reiterados tratamentos e não pela melhoria das condições de saneamento básico e educação sanitária da população.

Correlação entre condições de saneamento básico e parasitoses intestinais na população de Assis, Estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Monitoramento da qualidade higiênico-sanitária no processamento do ''leite'' de soja na UNISOJA, Araraquara, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interpretation of Resistivity Piezocone Tests in a Contaminated Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development of a methodology for cost determination of wastewater treatment based on functional diagram

This work describes a methodology developed for determination of costs associated to products generated in a small wastewater treatment station for sanitary wastewater from a university campus. This methodology begins with plant component units identification, relating their fluid and thermodynamics features for each point marked in its process diagram. Following, its functional diagram is developed and its formulation is elaborated, in exergetic base, describing all equations for these points, which are the constraints for exergetic production cost problem and are used in equations to determine the costs associated to products generated in SWTS. This methodology was applied to a hypothetical system based on SWTS former parts and presented consistent results when compared to expected values based on previous exergetic expertise. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Flexural Test on Recycled Polystyrene

In socio-environmental scenario increased the nature resources concern beyond products and subproducts reuse. Recycling is the approach for a material or energy reintroducing in productive system. This method allows the reduction of garbage volume dumped in environment, saving energy and decreasing the requirement of natural resources use. In general, the ending of expanded polystyrene is deposited sanitary landfills or garbage dumps without control that take large volume and spreads easily by aeolian action, with consequently environmental pollution, however, the recycling avoids their misuse and the obtainment from petroleum is reduced. This work recycled expanded polystyrene via merger and/or dissolution by solvents for the production of integrated circuits boards. The obtained material was characterized in flexural mode according to ASTM D 790 and results were compared with phenolite, traditionally used. Specimens fractures were observed by electronic microscopy scanning in order to establish patterns. Expanded Polyestirene recycled as well as phenolite were also thermo analyzed by TGA and DSC. The method using dissolution produced very brittle materials. The method using merger showed no voids formation nor increased the brittleness of the material. The recycled polystyrene presented a strength value significantly lower than that for the phenolite. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of ICM11

UV exposure of polymeric geomembranes

The break of polymer chemical bonds may occur due to penetration of sun short wavelengths. In sanitary landfills for instance, ultraviolet radiation affects uncovered materials and can be dangerous during the installation of the liner and before the placement of the waste. Only the ultraviolet part of the light is harmful to the geosynthetic materials, moreover, each material is sensitive to a particular wavelength. This article evaluates the effects of UV degradation and condensation in black HDPE (1.0 and 1.5 mm) and white HDPE (textured - 1.0 mm) geomembrane that were tested in laboratory during 6 months. The tests were performed using a weatherometer assembled at EESC-USP in accordance to ASTM G154. The results have shown variations in punction and tear resistance after each period of exposure.

Tinea capitis: epidemiologia e ecologia dos casos observados entre 1983 e 2003 na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

FUNDAMENTOS: Tinea capitis é importante infecção fúngica de interesse dermatológico e pediátrico. No Brasil sua prevalência é desconhecida, e os agentes causais principais são o Trichophyton tonsurans nas regiões Norte-Nordeste e o Microsporum canis no Sul-Sudeste do país. Conhecimento sobre gênero e espécies mais prevalentes tem importância sanitária e terapêutica. OBJETIVOS: Identificar espécies de dermatófitos, causa de Tinea capitis, em serviço universitário que atende clientela do Sistema Único de Saúde, de procedência urbana e rural, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Amostras de casos clínicos suspeitos de Tinea capitis, procedentes da área de abrangência da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-Unesp, foram investigadas por exame direto e cultivo visando ao diagnóstico e isolamento do agente causal. RESULTADOS: de 1.055 suspeitas, 594 foram confirmadas por exame direto, em 364 (61,1%) isolou-se o agente: M. canis em 88,2%, seguindo-se T. tonsurans (4,7%), T. rubrum (3,3%), M. gypseum (1,9%), T. mentagrophytes (1,6%). O sexo masculino correspondeu a 55,7% dos casos, e a faixa etária entre 0-5 anos predominou com 62,6% (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência detectada do M. canis superou o esperado para a Região Sudeste do Brasil. A freqüência de 88,2% pode estar influenciada por pacientes procedentes da zona rural. Esse dado deve ser considerado quando de decisão terapêutica.

Serological survey for rabies in serum samples from vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Botucatu region, SP, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytokines and acute-phase serum proteins as markers of inflammatory regression during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment

Tuberculosis is still increasing and was declared a worldwide sanitary emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1995. Its control is difficult due to long treatment duration and lack of markers of treatment success or failure. Cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, a central factor in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are responsible for the interaction between T lymphocytes and the infected macrophage and are also produced during this interaction. As proinflammatory cytokines have a close relationship with mycobacteria clearance, in fact even preceding it, they could be used as markers for inflammatory activity and response to treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines act in the liver and stimulate a strong local and systemic acute-phase response as a result of homeostatic and physiological responses also induced by them. Acute-phase proteins produced by cytokine activity are useful diagnostic markers that could also be used to monitor treatment response as they can be serially quantified. The objective of this study was to evaluate IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TGF-beta production in supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and monocyte (MO) cultures, as well as serum acute-phase response through total protein, albumin, globulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as regression markers of inflammatory response during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Twenty blood donors (G1) from the Blood Bank at Botucatu School of Medicine's University Hospital (BSM-UH) were evaluated once and 28 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (G2): 13 from BSM-UH and 15 from the Bauru State Health Secretariat. Patients were evaluated at three moments of treatment: before (M1), at three months (M2), and at the end (M3). Cytokines were determined in 20ml of peripheral blood (ELISA), with or without activation: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for MO culture and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for PBMC culture. Acute-phase protein behavior in G2 throughout treatment was: Globulins: M1> M2, M1> M3 (rho < 0.001); CRP: M1> M2> M3 (.< 0.001); AGP for men: M1> M2, M1> M3 (rho < 0.001); ESR for men: M1> M2, M1> M3 (rho < 0.0016) and for women: M1> M2 (.< 0.025). Comparison between cytokine levels found in supernatant of MO and PBMC cultures, with and without stimulus, in G1 and G2 during treatment showed: TNF-alpha (with/ without LPS) at M1: G2> G1; at M2: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001); (without LPS) at M3: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001), (with LPS) at M3: G2> G1 (rho < 0.028); IFN-. (with and without PHA) at M1: G2> G1; at M2: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001); IL-10 (with and without LPS) at M1: G2> G1; at M2: G2> G1; at M3: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001); TGF-beta (with and without LPS) at M1: G2> G1; at M2: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001), (without LPS) at M3: G2> G1 (rho < 0.001). In G2, all cytokines in supernatant of MO and PBMC cultures, with and without stimulus, showed: M1> M2> M3 (rho < 0.01). Levels of globulins, CRP, AGP, and ESR in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before treatment (M1) were significantly higher than reference values, suggesting their use as diagnostic markers and indicators of treatment. The CRP decreasing values along treatment could be taken as a marker of the regression of inflammatory process and of response to treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Regarding cytokines, there was significant increase in TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TGF-alpha levels before and at three months treatment, with and without stimulus; in TNF-a and IL-10 lvels, with and without stimulus, as well as in TGF-alpha levels without stimulus at six months. Patients had higher levels of all studied cytokines than controls before treatment, and these values decreased along treatment. In this study, pulmonary tuberculosis patients showed a Th0 cytokine profile before treatment, with the production of both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines, in addition to TNF-alpha inflammatory and TGF-alpha regulatory and fibrosis-inducer cytokines. At the end of treatment, all had evolved to Th2 profile, probably in an attempt to reduce the harmful effects of the proinflammatory activity of the Th1 cytokine profile and of the still above-normal levels of TNF-alpha. The high levels of TGF-alpha, also found in these patients, are related to its important role in the extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis induction that characterize tuberculosis healing process. IFN-gamma was the only cytokine reaching normal levels at the end of treatment, which suggests its use as a marker of response to treatment.