Resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aos carrapaticidas: revisão de literatura

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é o principal ectoparasito de bovinos e esta associado à transmissão de doenças, causando grandes prejuízos econômicos a indústria da pecuária no geral. O surgimento de populações de carrapatos R.(B) microplus resistentes aos carrapaticidas comerciais é um problema observado em muitas propriedades rurais no mundo, gerando um prejuízo de aproximadamente US$ 7 bilhões por ano. O uso correto dos princípios ativos carrapaticidas existentes e conhecimento das diversas formas de resistência do R. (B) microplus a estes princípios são de grande valia para prevenir ou então diagnosticar precocemente o aparecimento da resistência nas diversas populações deste ectoparasita.

Hiperparatireoidismo nutricional secundário em equinos e ruminantes: revisão de literatura

O hiperparatireoidismo nutricional secundário é um distúrbio metabólico que acomete principalmente equídeos, mas pode se manifestar em caprinos e suínos. A etiologia está relacionada a alterações nas concentrações séricas de cálcio e fósforo devido à ingestão desbalanceada na dieta, levando a hipersecreção do paratormônio e consequente hiperparatireoidismo, que se manifesta por osteodistrofia fibrosa. A apresentação clássica é o aumento de volume, em geral bilateral e simétrico, dos ossos do crânio, sendo que o diagnóstico baseia-se principalmente na presença desta alteração. Entretanto, outros ossos também podem ser acometidos. Testes bioquímicos podem contribuir para o diagnóstico ao revelarem concentrações séricas de cálcio ionizado abaixo dos valores de referência e teor sérico de fósforo orgânico acima do normal, além de aumento na atividade da enzima fosfatase alcalina. Exames radiográficos demonstram opacidade óssea diminuída. O tratamento consiste principalmente na correção do desequilíbrio cálcio:fósforo na dieta e a profilaxia é de extrema importância a fim de se evitar prejuízos econômicos.

Vacina de DNA: uma alternativa para o tratamento do melanoma canino: revisão de literatura

O melanoma é considerado um dos tumores cutâneos de maior importância em cães devido ao seu caráter agressivo, à capacidade de produzir metástases em estágios precoces e à baixa resposta aos tratamentos não cirúrgicos. Recentemente, as vacinas de DNA apresentam-se promissoras na terapêutica do melanoma canino. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. As vacinas de DNA são baseadas em plasmídeos que contêm o gene codificante para o antígeno alvo, expressando-o na célula do hospedeiro e apresentando, assim, vantagens em relação às vacinas tradicionais, como: facilidade de produção, estabilidade térmica, baixo custo e estimulação da resposta imune celular (linfócitos T CD8+). Devido ao sucesso limitado das terapias padrões, o estabelecimento de uma vacina de DNA efetiva aumenta a possibilidade de uma terapia promissora para o melanoma canino, podendo trazer novas expectativas aos animais portadores dessa neoplasia.

Acessos cirúrgicos a articulação temporomandibular: revisão de literatura

The choice of surgical approach to diseases that affect the pre-auricular region has been subject of much discussion in the literature. Access pre-hearing, have been used with high compliance rate of success, and during the history of surgery, several modifications were made in this approach with the goal of reducing the irreversible consequences especially regarding common in condylar fractures as paralysis and facial scars. The views range from the indication of surgical treatment for all fractures, until the conviction that no fracture of the bone segment should be surgically treated. Therefore, this study is of relevance, since offers surgeons warn about the care on the anatomical structures involved in these surgical approaches and describe, seeking a comparison between them, the advantages of them by means of a literature review covering from the extensive bouts of Bellinger (1940) and Al-Kayat (1979) that provide a broad view of the surgical field to access modified and increasingly smaller as the endaural (2001) which not only allows a satisfactory field of aesthetics as maintenance the patient without any signs of scarring.

Reabsorção condilar progressiva: revisão de literatura

The progressive condylar resorption is a irreversible complication that can result in malocclusion and facial deformity that can happen especially in postoperative orthognathic surgery of mandibular advancement or combined surgery. Predominantly affect young women, bearers of malocclusions of skeletal class II and with incidence of temporomandibular disorders prior to surgical treatment. Its exact etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. The purpose of this article is to make a literature review of the last 10 years on the progressive condylar resorption. For this, we used the Medline database for articles in the English language. Then, 13 articles were found, evaluated and compared on predisposing factors, etiology, diagnosis and clinical management.

Tumor odontogênico queratocístico: revisão de literatura

The odontogenic keratocyst is called keratocyst odontogenic tumor (TOQ), due to its features compatible with neoplasms, such as its high recurrence rate and mechanism of growth. Although its etiology has unknown, the origin seems to be connected with dental lamina remaining. This entity is generally benign, with slow progression, asymptomatic, and among the odontogenic tumors, its prevalence is high. It affects mainly males, with predilection for the posterior mandible, while in most cases associated with an impacted tooth. Radiographically, this lesion is unilocular. Histological features are stratified epithelial basal cells with hyperchromatic paraqueratinizado. Treatment ranges from conservative to radical interventions. As a result of the controversy as TOQ tumor entity, the present work is a literature review of current findings, emphasizing its intrinsic features to contribute to developments in the study of this new entity.

O uso de drogas anticoagulantes e antiplaquetárias orais em pacientes cirúrgicos ambulatoriais: revisão de literatura

The oral anticoagulants (AOC) and platelet antiagregants are drugs used for the prevention of thromboembolic phenomena, such as pulmonary embolism in patients with atrial fribrilation heart valves, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. For patients who are undergoing surgical procedures-dentistry were asked to discontinue the use of anticoagulants until the value of the INR remained = 2.0, that in order to avoid trans and hemorrhages in the postoperative period. However, the AOC can cause the formation of a clot, leading to obstruction of blood pathways. Thus, it became doubtful the medicine for surgery, in which local hemostatic measures would be sufficient to promote hemostasis. Thus, the objective of the review was to evaluate the risk of bleeding in patients AOC users that are subjected to surgical procedures, through a bibliographical survey carried out in relevant clinical studies published between 1990 and 2012, by the MedlinePubMed data. In this review of literature was concluded that the benefit of thromboembolism prevention overcomes the risk hemorrhage, therefore, it is recommended to keep the dose of anticoagulant therapy unchanged for patients undergoing oral surgery and implant dentistry, using appropriate INR levels with the assistance of local hemostatic. In addition, a refined surgical technique should be performed in these patients. With respect to the most invasive oral surgery, with a risk of bleeding, treatment may be necessary in conjunction with the medical staff.

Perda óssea em prótese sobre implante: revisão de literatura

One of the complications that concern prosthetists is bone loss peri-implant, because the success of dental implant treatment requires long-term maintenance of hard and soft tissues around the implant. Whereby the dental implants have not only the goal of restoring function, but also the aesthetics of the patient, the bone loss peri-implant can dramatically compromise the aesthetics of rehabilitation, particularly in anterior regions. The aim of this study was to analyze and reason, through literature review, the main factors that can cause bone loss in peri-implant and possible ways to prevent it.

A importância da geometria dos implantes para o planejamento em reabilitação oral: revisão de literatura

The design of implant structure is still a questioning to the professionals, while their variations can to influence of stress distribution favorably to bone. Therefore, the aim of study was to review addressing the topic of osseointegrated implants design establishing answers for the patient oral rehabilitation, according variations existing on the market. It was conducted a detailed search strategy by the PubMed/ Medline and Bireme, it was used as descriptors: “dental implants cylinder”; “dental implants thread”; “dental implants geometry”, until May 2014. From 798 articles, after review were selected 18 articles and 1 specific area book. The results were divided to compare design of implant and threads for further discussion and conclusions. Thus, conclude that the threads implants are best used because of its advantages with respect to the stress distribution and stability primary. The variations of the differents types of threads, have influence for stress distribution.

Odontologia adesiva atual: uma revisão de literatura

Over the decades, there was an evolution in dentistry, specifically in filling technique, and Buonocore (1955) has been the introducer of Adhesive Era. Thus, this paper aims to review the literature about the current adhesive systems. Was performed a literature review about the 5th and 6th adhesive system generations. The titles and abstracts of published articles were analyzed in PubMed database over the past 5 years. However, there are still different views about the technique used, therefore, because the diversity of these materials, it is impossible to highlight one that presents the best efficiency in all situations, being the responsibility of the professional the knowledge of the techniques and clinical applicability of each material.

Biofilmes orais como um possível fator de risco ao câncer bucal: revisão da literatura

Introduction: much studies regarding risk factors associated with oral cancer. Factors such as smoking and alcohol and solar radiation are well established, but others, such as bacterial influence in the development or progression of a tumor still remain unexplained. Interest in the possible relationship between bacteria and different stages of cancer development has increased since the classification of H. pylori by the WHO as a definite carcinogen. Subsequently, links between infection and the onset of cancer in various sites in the body were discovered. Review of literature: this literature review attempts to show the influence of poor oral hygiene, with consequent bacterial accumulation as a possible important risk factor for the initiation and development of mouth cancer, and correlate the possible mechanisms by which bacteria can initiate or promote carcinogenesis. Conclusion: there is much evidence that bacteria in the oral cavity and periodontopathic are present in tumor tissue, however, still can not affirm that these bacteria initiate or promote carcinogenesis.

O tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a utilização de implantes osseointegráveis: revisão da literatura

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects millions of people around the world. The mandibular repositioning devices have been indicated in cases of mild/moderate syndrome; however in edentulous patients its use is deficient since there is no retention. Therefore the objective of this study was to conduct a review on the use of this treatment method combined to osseointegrated implants. A search on the theme: Dental implant and sleep apnea syndromewas performed in the Medline/PubMed, ISI, Cochrane, Dentistry Oral Science, Clinical Trials, Controlled Trials, and Bireme-BvS, databases, and 22 articles were found. After anevaluation 2 studies were selected and the review was complemented with an analysis of randomized controlled trials in the previous seven bases using the key-words: Sleep apnea syndrome, Oral appliance and Randomized controlled trial. The search returned 37 articles, and after they were submitted to inclusion criteria 17 studies were selected. There are a small number of studies presenting the use of dental implants as a mean to assist the stabilization of the mandibular repositioning appliances; those that are available are case reports that focusing on the effectiveness of the technique. Studies examining the effect these appliances in dentate patients indicate improvement in the levels of apnea and snoring. The use of mandibular repositioning appliances in dentate patients is an effective technique in treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome mild/moderate. Randomized controlled trialsare required in order to enable an analysis of the use of mandibular repositioning devices with the aid of dental implants .

Princípios de redução das fraturas panfaciais: revisão de literatura

Are called panfacial fractures when the upper, middle and lower facial thirds present fractures concurrently. In clinical practice, came to imply the involvement of two facial thirds. Panfacial fractures are usually accompanied by other systemic lesions that impair the patient's life and therefore require primary treatment. Almost invariably are associated with damage to soft tissues and severe losses of bone structures which may lead to severe facial deformations and malocclusions. The panfacial fractures treatment is complex because often there isn’t a stable bone structure to guide the reduction of various fractures. Several orders of treatment have been proposed, but they are variations of the two classical approaches "bottom to top and inside-out" and "top to bottom and out-inside". The aim of this paper is to discuss the principles of management and panfacial fractures treatment, emphasizing the sequence of fracture reduction and highlighting its indications, advantages and disadvantages, through literature review and reports of surgical clinic cases. We conclude that the exact sequence of fracture reduction is not as important as developing a treatment plan that allows accurate positioning of the fractured segments.

Reações alérgicas aos implantes osseointegráveis de titânio: uma revisão de literatura

Titanium dental implants have been common practice in the dental office, which can increases the number of allergic reactions to this material. Objectives: to alert dental surgeons and specialists of this possible phenomenon through a literature review. Material and methods: an electronic search at PubMed was performed with the keywords “dental implants”, “titanium”, and “allergy” from January 1990 to May 2013. Only articles published in the English language were included. Letters to editor were excluded. Results: from the 22 initially retrieved articles, only 7 were included, being 4 clinical case reports and 3 experimental studies. For clinical cases, the reactions included edema, erythema, exfoliative cheilitis, and eczema. Regarding experimental studies, skin rash and dermatitis were reported. A patch test was not used in two clinical reports. Only one study used histological analysis to attest the lack of allergic reactions. Conclusion: within the limits of the available literature, allergic reactions to titanium dental implants are extremely rare and seem to be related to the female gender. More controlled clinical studies are necessary to elucidate this question.

Síndrome da ardência sucal, correlações fisiopatológicas, medicamentosas: revisão de literatura

The syndrome of burning Bucal (SAB) is a condition where the absence of signs found in most cases, its diagnosis difficult. In order to classify the pathophysiology of SAB, and the search for their treatment, are the main goals of this work.