Reprodução de Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e Pratylenchus coffeae em Diferentes Cultivares de Bananeira

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and it is cultivated in many tropical countries. In Brazil, the productivity is low due to several factors such as the incidence of pests and diseases. The nematodes are among the most important problems found in the production of bananas. This research studied the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita race 2, M. javanica and Pratylenchus coffeae in different cultivars of banana. The evaluation of the experiments with Meloidogyne spp. was carried out 120 days after the inoculation. The analyzed parameters were: number of gall, number of the external masses of eggs, number of eggs per gram of root, reproduction factor and number of juveniles in the soil. The evaluation of the experiment with P. coffeae was carried out 90 days after the inoculation; the final population was evaluated. The cultivars PV-0344, Maca, Grande Naine, FHIA 01, Thap Maeo and Prata Ana allowed greater multiplication of P. coffeae than Caipira, SH-3640 and FHIA-18. For M. javanica, the cultivars Calypso, Bucanneer, Grande Naine, PV-0344, Nanicao Magario, FHIA-02, SH-3640, Pacovan, and Prata Ana exhibited larger populations, decreasing in Maca. All cultivars allowed high multiplication rates of M. incognita.

Utilização do colágeno cromatado como indicador em estudos de digestão com caprinos

The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of utilizing chromated collagen as an external indicator of digestibility by comparing it to acid insoluble ash (AIA) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) as internal markers, and to the total collection method. Six castrated Alpine breed kid goats with an average weight of 33,4 kg were used. They were housed in metabolism cages. Feeding was based on 60 g/kg PV 0,75 of a pelleted ration per animal, supplied daily in two meals (7 am and 4 pm). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and six replications. The results permitted the conclusion that the chromated collagen was the best of the indicators studied, and therefore, is one more indicator which can be used. The AIA and IADF were less efficient and underestimated the digestibility of the feed.

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em rebanhos caprinos no Estado de São Paulo

Four hundred forty-two serum samples were collected from dairy goats in seven regions of São Paulo State. These were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Sixty-four (14,5%) serologically positive animals were found from all these goat farms studied.

Espécies do gênero Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em caprinos leitros mantidos em sistema intensivo na região de São Jose do Rio Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Were examined 58 dairy goats, 41 kids and 17 adults, Saanen and Alpine breeds, males and females, in intensive system, in the São José do Rio Preto region, São Paulo state, for detection and identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts. The 58 feces samples analyzed by the Centrifugal-flotation technique, were positive for, at least, one Eimeria species. The Eimeria species found in this research were: E. ninakohlyakimovae (77,6%), E. jolchijevi (72,4%), E. alijevi (63,8%), E. christenseni (63,8%), E. arloingi (62,1%), E. caprovina (56,9%), E. hirci (50,0%) and E. caprina (48,3%). It follows that the high rate of the positive animals and the high frequency of the Eimeria species among the animals demonstrated that the disease is common in dairy goats, kids and adults, in intensive system.

Aspectos da reprodução no gênero Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Crenuchidae, Characidiinae), na microbacia do Ribeirão Grande, serra da Mantiqueira, sudeste do Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistema de reprodução em pequenas populações fragmentadas e em árvores isoladas de Hymenaea stigonocarpa

Six microsatellite loci were used to quantify the mating system of two small fragmented populations (Selviria - SEL and Aparecida do Tabuado - APT, Mato Grosso do Sul State) and isolated trees in pastures, of the bat-pollinated tropical tree Hymenaea stignocarpa, growing in the Center-west region of Brazil. In SEL population, seeds were collected from 11 mother-trees; in APT, from three trees and, in the case of isolated trees, from six individuals growing at least 500 m apart in pastures. To investigate if there are differences on mating system between trees in populations and isolated trees, trees from populations were pooled as a group and, likewise, the isolated trees were pooled to another group. The outcrossing rate was higher in the populations (t̂ m= 0.873) than in isolated trees (t̂ m=0.857), but the difference was not significant. Significant and high differences between multi-locus and single-locus outcrossing rate were detected in populations (t̂ m- t̂ s=0.301, P<0.05) and isolated trees (t̂ m- t̂ s=0.276, P<0.05), suggesting mating between relatives. Higher paternity correlation was observed in trees from population (r̂ p=0.636) than in isolated trees (r̂ p=0.377), indicating the occurrence of some correlated matings and that part of offspring are full-sibs. It was not observed increased in self-fertilization rate in isolated trees in pastures. In general terms, the unique observed difference in mating system between populations and isolate trees was the high rate of correlated matings in trees from populations, due probably to the small distance among coespecifics and the pollinator behavior, visiting near trees.

Perfil eletroforético das proteínas de fase aguda em caprinos experimentalmente infectados com Trypanosoma evansi

Considered as one of the main agents of the tripanossomiases, Trypanosoma evansi causes a disease generically know as surra, with wide geographic occurence. This work has the aim to study the electrophoretic profile of the acute phase proteins of goats, experimentally infected with T. evansi. Ten crossbread female goats, around 4 months of age, clinically healthy and serum negative for the presence of antibodies anti-T. evansi (IFAT) were used. The animals were divided in two groups: six were inoculated (G1) intravenously with 2,38 × 10 6 tripomastigotes of T. evansi and four were kept as noninfected controls. The blood for serum was collected daily until the 14 days after inoculation (DAI), weekly up to the 98 th DAI and every two weeks up to the 364 th DAI. The serum proteins were separacted by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). Twenty-one proteins were found in the serum of the goats, eight were nominally identified; phosphorylase, transferrin, albumin, antitrypsin, acid glicoprotein, haptoglobin, hemoglobin, and light chain immunoglobulin.

Acurácia da histerossonografia versus ultrassonografia transvaginal em mulheres inférteis candidatas às técnicas de reprodução assistida

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography (HSN) and conventional transvaginal ultrasound (USG) in assessing the uterine cavity of infertile women candidate to assisted reproduction techniques (ART). METHODS: Comparative cross-sectional study with 120 infertile women candidate to ART, assisted at Centro de Reprodução Assistida (CRA) of Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), Brasília-DF, from August 2009 to November 2010. Sonohysterography was performed with saline solution infusion in a close system. The sonohysterography finding was compared to previous USG results. The uterine cavity was considered abnormal whenthe endometrium was found to be thicker than expectedduring the menstrual cycle and whenan endometrial polyp, a submucous myoma and an abnormal shape of the uterine cavity were observed. The statistical analysis was doneusing absolute frequencies, percentage values and the χ 2, with the level of significance set at5%. RESULTS:HSN revealed that 92 (76.7%) infertile women candidate to ARThad anormal uterine cavity, while 28 (23.3%) had the following abnormalities: 15 polyps (12.5%).

Sistema de reprodução, parentesco e tamanho efetivo em sementes de polinização livre de populações fragmentadas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. por análise de locos microssatélites

Anthropogenic changes in the reproductive population density can affect the mating system and result in an increase in selfing and correlated matings. This study investigated the mating system in small fragmented populations of the insect pollinated tropical tree species Copaifera langsdorffii, using microsatellite loci and the mixed and correlated mating models. Open-pollinated seeds were collected from 15 seed-trees located in a small forest fragment (4.8 ha), denominated Bosque and from 14 other seed-trees located in other small forest fragments of the north-western region of São Paulo State. No significant differences were observed between the seed-trees from Bosque (tm=0.933±0.028) and other fragments (tm=0.971±0.032), although these estimates were significantly different from 1.0, suggesting that selfing was occurring. Differences between multilocus and unilocus outcrossing rate were significantly high in both seed-trees of Bosque (tm -ts=0.478±0.05) and other forest fragments (tm -ts=0.475±0.018), suggesting a spatial genetic structure in those stands. The results also showed high rates of correlated mating in the samples, indicating that a good part of the offspring were full-sibs. As a consequence of selfing, mating among relatives and correlated matings, the coancestry within families was equally high in the seed-trees of Bosque ((Θ=0.237) and in the seed-trees of the other forest fragments (Θ=0.241) and the effective population size was lower than expected in panmitic populations (Ne<4). The results were discussed, focusing on the sample size of seed-trees to collect seeds for genetic conservation and enviromental reforestation.

Agonistas do GnRH, antagonistas do GnRH e a reprodução assistida: Análogos do GnRH x fertilização in vitro

The agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were introduced in ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization to avoid a premature surge of luteinizing hormone. Although they are accompanied by some disadvantages, GnRH agonists have become well accepted in clinical practice, and their use is associated with increased rates of pregnancy. The development of GnRH antagonists capable of blocking the pituitary immediately offered a therapeutic option. Comparative studies between the two analogs have suggested that the use of antagonists is associated with a shorter duration of ovulatory stimulus and a decreased incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, while the type of GnRH analogues used show no significant effects on the rates of pregnancy and live birth. However, GnRH agonists have other applications in assisted reproductive technology cycles than the pituitary downregulation.

Falhas reprodutivas associadas com a presença de do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina, toxoplasma gondii e neospora caninum em caprinos no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study aimed at assessing the occurrence of antibodies against the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, as well as the associations between the presence of antibodies and the occurrence of reproductive failures in goats. Serum samples were collected from 923 goats of both sexes, over 3 months of age, from 17 dairy farms located in different municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Infections by T. gondii, N. caninum and CAEV were evaluated by indirect methods of diagnosis based on indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), Neospora agglutination test (NAT), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), respectively. A survey was conducted on the farms to obtain information about reproduction dates (abortions, stillbirths and births of weak and premature kids) and zoosanitary management. Antibodies against CAEV, T. gondii and N. caninum was found in 37.81%, 23.62% and 17.23% respectively. There was no significant association between the presence of anti-CAEV antibodies and CAEV/T. gondii or CAEV/N. caninum co-infection, suggesting that CAEV does not predispose goats to infection by these agents. However, when CAEV/T. gondii (p<0.01) or CAEV/N. caninum (p<0.001) co-infection was present, the occurrence of reproductive failures was significantly higher what could indicate that CAEV-induced immunosuppression may predispose goats to develop the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis increasing the risks of the reproductive failures.

Evolução do processo de espermiação em machos de Piau, Leporinus macrocephalus, hormonalmente induzidos à reprodução

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Indução à reprodução e desenvolvimento embrionário e larval do ciclídeo acará-açu Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fotoperíodo na reprodução de Betta splendens

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cortisol na reprodução e no desenvolvimento inicial do matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)