Ritual e vida cotidiana no sul do Amazonas: os Tenharim do rio Marmelos

Este artigo descreve um ritual que ocorreo anualmente entre os Tenharim do rio Marmelos, um povo indígena que vive na região sul do estado do Amazonas. A intenção é demonstrar como os aspectos políticos estão diretamente relacionados à organização social e à cosmologia. Além disso, percebe-se que o ritual opera uma conexão temporal juntando o tempo do mito e dos ancestrais ao tempo presente. Utilizando-se de objetos técnicos de nossa sociedade - carros, panelas -, e distribuindo biscoitos e sucos artificiais aos convidados, os Tenharim mobilizam seu mundo e, através da linguagem da predação, atualizam suas reflexões sobre o mundo contemporâneo.

Cryopreservation of bovine spermatozoa from the epididymal tail using conventional and automated methods

Cryopreservation of sperm is important to preserve the gerrnplasm from animals of genetic value, which can die unexpectedly. This study compares conventional and automated methods of cryopreservation of spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis of bulls post-mortem. Twenty-two epididymides were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse. Spermatozoa were collected from the tail of the epididymis using the retrograde flow technique. Thus, the samples, which were diluted in 10 ml of extender without glycerol (Botubov (R) I, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil), were evaluated on motility, sperm vigor, structural and functional (swelling hypoosmotic test) membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm viability and ADN fragmentation. The samples were divided into two aliquots and diluted in extender with glycerol (Botubov (R) II, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) at a concentration of 50x10(6) motile sperm/0.5 French straws. One sample was frozen by the conventional method (4 hours at 5 degrees C, in a refrigerator and 20 min in nitrogen vapor) and the other by the automated method (Cryogen (R) Dualflex, Neovet, Uberaba, MG, Brazil). The parameters were higher in all the tests of fresh sperm samples, with the exception of the swelling hypoosmotic test, which showed no significant difference when the results were compared with sperm frozen by the conventional method. The average motility of fresh spermatozoa was 74%, and conventional and automated averages were 29 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, although cryopreservation techniques reduce sperm quality parameters, the viability of the sperm is maintained, and these methods can be used to preserve sperm.

Viabilidade e longevidade de sementes de tabebuia aurea benth. & hook. submetidas a diferentes métodos de armazenamento

Seeds Tabebuia aurea (syn. Handroanthus aureus Mattos), The seeds of Tabebuia aurea (syn. Handroanthus Mattos aureus), have low metabolic rates, which favors their storage conditions and freezing temperatures when stored at room temperature, there is a progressive decline in viability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the viability and longevity of seeds of Tabebuia aurea subjected to different storage methods. There were used 6100 seeds. In 2400 seeds were stored refrigerator, which in 1200 placed in transparent plastic bag and 1200 in Kraft paper bags. 3600 Other seeds were placed in room temperature and 1200 seeds in clear plastic bag, 1200 in Kraft paper bags and tray open in 1200. For each treatment, four replicates of 25 seeds for 12 months, with design was completely randomized. The average germination, normal seedlings and speed germination index were transformed into (x+1)(-1/2). The data were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by Tukey test at 5%. Also regressions polynomials were modeled for the variables study in function of the periods of storage of the seeds. The seeds stored in the refrigerator at 13 C maintained a high germination rate and normal seedling germination rate during the 360 days of evaluation. The method suitable for the seed storage of Tabebuia aurea is in the refrigerator at 13 degrees C, both in plastic and paper.

Chilling curves for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) embryos stored at-8 degrees C

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Quality of aged shoulder from lambs fed with different oldman saltbush hay levels (Atriplex nummularia)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analise técnico-econômica de um gaseificador Downdraft e de filtros para limpeza de gás de síntese

The biomass gasification systems have been used for a long time and prove to be a good alternative to the generation of energy problems. This type of management requires a simple installation and maintenance which gives them a high availability. In Biomass project via Call CTEnerg 33/2006-1, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT - Brazil, the Group Energy Systems Optimization – GOSE - at FEG - UNESP built and tested two prototypes of gasifiers. These is fed with 25 kg / h of dry wood (chips), and 50 Nm3 / h of air to produce gas at a flow rate of approximately 70 Nm3 / h of wood (syngas) at a temperature approximately 600 ° C. In this work of graduation, studies were conducted on the materials used in both the gasifier as well as cleaning the filter synthesis gases. The system of gas cleaning and conditioning is vital to ensure the life of the Internal Combustion Engine. In this case the studies of different filters for small gasification systems (properties, materials used, characteristics, types, etc.) are very relevant to its use in the prototype of the college campus. Were also performed a technical and economic analysis of a cogeneration system that consists in the combination of the downdraft gasifier studied in this work, an internal combustion engine, two heat exchangers and a SRA (absorption system refrigerator). Were calculated the costs of electricity generation, hot water and cold water. Finally, we analyzed the economic feasibility of the project

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Modelo de flexibilidade de manufatura em processos de submontagem

Through observation of production process of a Vale do Paraiba’s automobile industry, one can encounter in need of improvement related to large uncertainties and variations in the production environment, a fact that inspired the search for solutions that can respond quickly to these changes. This way, the paper describes the development of a flexible manufacturing model, which aims to optimize the process in an automotive sub-assembly industry of the Paraíba Valley. The main objective is to propose a method to promote viable alternatives to easing the assembly of parallel sub performed the assembly of cars. For the construction of the model was necessary to explore concepts of flexible manufacturing and making the data presented in literature, which were vital to ensure the development of the method. The concepts discussed are usually presented at an undergraduate degree in Engineering. Data compiled by the model are able to serve as a strategic benchmark for decision making by managers. Featuring alternative response variables and uncertainties of the organizational environment, a fact that facilitates the management of human resources and productive

Análise dos acidentes automobilísticos atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas no ano de 2010, Botucatu

As a result of the 20th-century industrial development, and particularly after World War II, cars have become an important consumer good, and this has led to a large number of circulating vehicles. To this day, the number of cars has increased exponentially worldwide, which results in a high number of traffic accidents (TAs) every day. TAs are responsible for 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year, and in Brazil, they are considered to be a public health problem, considering that its traffic is regarded as one of the worst and most dangerous in the world. In addition to temporary or permanent physical disabilities that bring great harm to individuals, accidents also cause psychological disorders, such as the post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence, considering the importance of TAs in the country and their outcomes, this study aimed at investigating the epidemiological aspects of car accidents occurring in 2010 who were assisted in the emergency room of a university hospital in São Paulo state. By means of records made by the nursing team and medical records analysis, it was possible to extract a stratified sample of 88 cases involving adults and eight cases involving children. The sample was analyzed by the SAS software for Windows, version 9.2. As regards the accidents involving adults, there was a predominance of males (67%), with an approximate 2:1 ratio in relation to females. The victims’ most frequent age range was 20-29 years (39%), and they were mostly single (56%). The month showing the largest number of occurrences was July, with 17%, and the weekday was Sunday, with 25%. Showing 32%, the time period when most accidents occurred was from 06:00 o’clock p.m. to 11:59 p.m. As regards vehicles types involved, motorcycles were in first place, with 47% of cases, and the most common accident type was crashing between vehicles, with 43%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Smart Grid e Carros Elétricos - Influência da Carga de Carros Elétricos Sobre o Sistema Elétrico

The technologies are advancing at a pace so expressive that allow the increase of the power quality from generation until the distribution to end customers. This improvement has been made possible through the automation of the energy that follows to a better quality of the energy provided, a lower energy supply disruptions and a very short recovery time. The trend of today and the near future is the distributed energy generation. To keep the automated control of the chain, the presence of Smart Grids is needed and that will be the most efficient and economical way to manage the entire system. Within this theme, is going to be necessary analyze the electric cars that promise to promote a more sustainable transport because it doesn’t uses fossil fuels, and more healthy because it does not emit pollutants into the atmosphere. The popularization of this type of vehicle is estimated to happen in a few decades and the case study analyzing its influence on the demand of the electrical system is something that will be very important in the near future. This paper presents a study of the influence of the inclusion of charges refering to electric cars

Estudo de causas de falhas em selos mecânicos de bombas centrífugas para circulação de óleo térmico

This study is about a heating line that uses thermal oil. It is located in a facility that produces interlayers used in cars windshields. A plastic resin is melted and is sent to a matrix called DIE where the interlayers are produced. The DIE needs to receive heat from the circulation of thermal oil in four different regions of its interior, to ensure the correct thickness of the interlayer. The thermal energy is provided by electric heaters and the flow of thermal oil is impelled by four mechanically sealed centrifugal pumps (one per region). The key point of this study is the fact that these four pumps of the system have reported successive failures in the mechanical seals. Apparently, a poorly designed project has burdened the system intermittently. The pumps operation condition is located in a region of low efficiency, according to the characteristic curves. This fact is the source of the noticeable reduced time between failures. Changes in the configuration of the facility and in the number of pumps will be proposed, aiming to achieve higher operational efficiency. The proposals will be mathematically analyzed according to the Hydraulic Institute criteria. At the same time, we will also keep focus on an in-depth study of a heating system structure, starting with a detailed approach for each component and discussion about its real need and economic viability. At the end of this paper it is shown that the gain in efficiency achieved with the new proposed configuration reflects not only in the reduction of maintenance costs, but also a potential improvement in energy efficiency. It is shown that these two aspects are closely related and together form the basis for the design of a reliable and efficient pumping system

Atividade antibacteriana de plantas do cerrado da região de Botucatu - São Paulo

The studies related to research on new antimicrobial products have received special attention from researchers, especially given the emergence of microbial strains resistant to conventional antimicrobials. Thus, the present study was aimed to test the antimicrobial action of hydro-alcoholic extracts of plants collected in Cerrado region of Botucatu, following the species: Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) DC (macela), Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville (barbatimão), Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC (quaresma-branca), Davilla elliptica A. St-Hil (lixinha), Siparuna guianensis (negramina) e Solanum lycocarpum A.St-Hil (lobeira). The plants were always collected in the morning, in areas near the town of Botucatu, and extracts were prepared using a solvent such as methanol 70% from materials dried (50°C) and ground into mill knives. The extraction was performed for 48 hours at refrigerator temperature, followed by filtration, removal of methanol solvent in a rotary evaporator, determination of the dry weight of the extracts (mg / mL) and phytochemical analysis of the same. The sensitivity tests for 10 S. aureus, 11 E. coli and 11 P. aeruginosa, isolated from human clinical cases were performed by diluting volumes of the extracts in Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (mg / mL). According to the results and statistical analysis, it was found that depending on the bacteria tested, and in descending order of antibacterial activity for S. aureus: Lixinha sheet > Barbatimão sheet > Quaresma-Branca > Macela > Lixinha fruit > Barbatimão shell > Lobeira > Negramina; E. coli: Lixinha sheet > Barbatimão sheet > Lixinha fruit = barbatimão peel > Quaresma-Branca > Macela = Lobeira > Negramina and P. aeruginosa: Lixinha leaf > Barbatimão bark > Barbatimão leaf > Lixinha fruit > Macela > Lobeira > Quaresma - Branca = Negramina... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo de cerâmicas avançadas para fins de blindagem balística

The research involving new materials has always been considered as a differential in the development of a technology company. This occurred naturally since ancient times, often motivated by reasons of a certain age, where the most common material used was also the name of your time and may be cited as an example the Bronze Age, and later was the Iron. Currently, the use of firearms are they used in resolving conflicts between countries, or a more equivocal, as an instrument of social banditry make innovations in the area of shielding welcome, whether for personal use, in the form of vests or vehicle such as cars, tanks and even aircraft. In this context, is a Silicon Carbide Ceramic, with low density and high hardness. Thus, the aim of this study is the evaluation and comparison of these materials, seeking to improve their properties by means of additives such as boron and silicon metal and amorphous YAG. For this work, the specimens were pre-shaped by means of uniaxial later to be referred for isostatic pressing and sintering. The maximum percentage for each additive was 5%, except for the YAG whose percentage was 8.2% (mass percentage). All compositions were subjected to the same tests (x-ray diffraction, apparent density, optical microscopy, Vickers hardness, scanning electron Microscopita), so that one could draw a comparison between the materials under study, samples that showed better mechanical properties and micro structural, related here by hardness testing and microscopy (optical and SEM) were the silicon carbide doped with YAG and alumina samples, demonstrating the potential of these materials for ballistic protection. Other compositions have high porosity, which is highly undesirable, since in order to harmful influences on the mechanical properties discussed below

Desafios ambientais na indústria automobiliística: uma análise do processo de reciclagem e reutilização de materiais

This research has as main objective the analysis of the auto industry has done to reduce disposal of solid waste in its production process as much as to facilitate the recycling of cars after they complete their life cycle. Despite the auto industry is not one of the most polluting in terms of its production process, it produces a good that is causing major pollution. In despite of the great current concern in seeking to reduce the emissions of pollutants by vehicles, as important as the quest for cleaner fuels is the study of how to dispose of old cars. Even if the car production does not increase significantly each year in relative terms, we must consider the fleet of used cars that still circulates in the world. Ending the mammoth “cemeteries” of automobiles, however, it is not so easy, even because the car is composed of various materials, which in many cases are not easily separable. In addition to an overview, the research seeks to examine the possible advances in Brazil related to the process of auto recycling

Effect of caffeine on larval mortality of Aedes aegypti: efficiency related to solution concentration and age

In two experiments, the duration of the effect of caffeine (CAF) solutions on larval mortality (LM) of Aedes aegypti was analyzed. In the first, LM was studied using solutions at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL aged from zero to five days in artificial breeding sites exposed to the laboratory environment (LE). In the second, the solutions aged at 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/mL closed flasks were stored in LE or in the refrigerator (R), and the effect on LM was tested in the experimental breeding sites at 30 days interval. In the first, the duration of the effect increased with the solution age in each CAF concentration. CAF at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL, without addition of food, produced 100% LM until 25 days after preparation; with food, at 11 and 18 days, respectively. In the second the effectiveness of CAF solutions lasted up to the seventh month, irrespective of whether they were stored in R or in LE. No adult emerged at any of the CAF concentrations used in second experiment.