Variação sazonal das variáveis físicas e químicas em riachos de duas bacias da região centro-sul do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

The present study was developed in two streams from the two different drainage basins located in the mid-southern region of Paraná state. In each stream were evaluated some physical and chemical parameters in open (without streamside vegetation) and shaded (with streamside vegetation) segments. Monthly samplings were carried out from January to December 2007. The following limnological parameters were measured: water temperature, specific conductance, oxygen saturation, pH, turbidity and current velocity. In the same stream were not observed differences among segments from the drainage basins, and nominal values and seasonal pattern have been very similar between open and shaded ambient. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed small divergence between streams and segments, with separation of groups with base sampling dates. The results suggest that the region is homogeneous according to physical and chemical water conditions, therefore, stronger influenced for time factor, and diverging seasonal periods associated a climatic region condition.

Estudo comparativo de parâmetros limnológicos de duas bacias de drenagem da região centro-sul do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Two drainage basins located in the mid-southern region of Paraná state were comparatively studied for analysis of limnological characteristics in lotic ecosystems. Ten segments of rivers and streams were evaluated in each basin, from June 4th through to June, 29th , 2007. The following physical and chemical parameters were measured: water temperature, specific conductance, oxygen saturation, pH, turbidity, current velocity and depth. The two drainage basins presented similar nominal values for all parameters investigated. There were significant differences between the two environments in relation to temperature, pH, and oxygen saturation. Cluster analysis revealed five small groups of samplings, each one with particular limnological characteristics. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) confirmed the difference among the drainage basins. These results suggest an influence of regional and local factors in limnological characteristics of rivers and streams in the studied drainage basins.

Parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, balanço de massa e a ictiofauna de quatro microbacias hidrográficas do Sistema Paraíba do Sul e sua correlação com a geomorfologia regional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise do aporte de sedimentos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Assistência, SP: caso do Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Qualidade de água utilizada para consumo em escolas e creches no município de São Carlos - SP

We know the importance of treating water for human consumption because changes in the physicochemical and / or biological has been associated with various health problems, the quality of water intended for human consumption must meet potability standards established by governmental decree 518/2004. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of water supplied schools and daycare in the city of São Carlos - SP. We selected 31 schools and kindergartens, and at intervals of 3 months, two water samples taken at three different points - network, tank and fi lter - totaling 186 samples, with an interval of three months, to verify possible differences in sampling points and at different times. The samples were evaluated for the following parameters: presence of total coliform and fecal coliform / E. coli count of heterotrophic bacteria, determination of pH, fl uoride, free residual chlorine, turbidity and color. The largest number of samples outside the standard for coliform was coming from the fi lters and the network, heterotrophic bacteria in most samples was taken out of standard fi lters. In the physical-chemical analysis of samples as many non-standard pH occurred in the network, network, and fl uoride in the fi lter pair in the fi lter to free chlorine and turbidity in the reservoir. The parameter with a larger sample size was inadequate fl uoride. We need more attention to the conservation, cleaning and maintenance of building reservoirs and fi lters in schools and kindergartens of San Carlos, since the water was considered unfi t for consumption.

Índice de análise ambiental simplificado na avaliação de impactos nos recursos hídricos da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Meio, Leme, São Paulo, Brasil

This study evaluated environmental impacts at Meio Creek watershed, Leme, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A simplified environmental analysis index was applied correlating land use and occupation (vegetation elimination or modification, wildlife, color, smell, grease, oils, foams, larvae and red worms) with water quality parameters (conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature). The simplified environmental analysis index showed that 27.8% visited places had a high or worrying environmental impact and 5.6% had a really high impact. As to the results of physical and chemical parameters, pH and conductivity values showed the conditions and standards that water Class 2 and 3 should have. These parameters were not the same for dissolved oxygen levels at most of the analyzed points. Despite the current environmental legislation at federal, state and municipal levels, Leme city does not have an effective environmental plan to control and protect springs and Meio Creek watershed and its tributaries.

Contribuição dos ovos de resistência de Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) para a recolonização de ambientes lacustres temporários

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A comparative study of Odonata (Insecta) in aquatic ecosystems with distinct characteristics

The objective of this study was to compare the richness and density of Odonata larvae in four distinct environments: lotic with large pollutant loads, lotic with small pollutant loads, lentic disconnected from a river and lentic connected to a river, as well as to record the physical and chemical parameters of the water in the four environments. We identified a total of 1,302 Odonata larvae in the four habitats. The environmental variables measured were: dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, suspended matter, air and water temperature, precipitation, depth, and the biomass of the macrophytes. The lentic habitats exhibited a greater Odonata larvae density in relation to the lotic habitats, except during April and December of 2006. The Guareí River, however, presented an elevated conductivity, possibly because of a greater quantity of pollutants it received during the period between June and September of 2006, and it showed a higher density of Odonata larvae in comparison to the Paranapanema River. The temperature and the dissolved oxygen on the water surface were, respectively, greater and smaller in the lakes in comparison to the rivers. In spite of the Odonata density being higher in the lentic ecosystems in comparison to the lotic, the richness was not altered during the period studied. Nevertheless, the genera composition was distinct, showing that some taxa show a certain preference for certain types of ecosystems like Calopterygidae and Neogomphus, which were shown exclusively in the Paranapanema River.

Emissão de CO2 do solo em áreas de restauração na Mata Atlântica

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of the intertidal sediments of Pereque Beach, Guaruja (SP), Brazil

Physical and chemical characteristics of intertidal sediments and their relationships with bacteria and cyanobacteria, were analyzed at four stations at Pereque Beach. Granulometric analysis showed that Pereque beach has sediment that is classified as sand. The lowest value of the sediment C/N rates (6.08), mainly due to a higher concentration of organic nitrogen, was found at the northern part of Pereque Beach, where organic matter of marine source was more prominent. In this area, density (9.6 x 106 cells cm(-3)), biomass (1992.04 ngC cm(-3)) and activity of bacteria were higher than at the southern end. In contrast, cyanobacteria density varied from 2.0 to 4.0 x 10(5) cells cm(-3), with biomass and total chlorophyll a of the sediment being higher at the southern part, where there are water input from Pereque River and higher organic matter of continental origin. The variability in the microbial population is discussed in the light of the sediment granulometry, organic matter quality, fresh water inflow and pollution. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of electrical conductivity, pH and refractive index as physico-chemical parameters for quality control of Aveloz homeopathic solutions

Euphorbia tirucalli Lineu (Aveloz) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is used in the treatment of cancer and warts. Some studies have reported that phorbol esters are the active principles responsible for the antitumor activity of Aveloz. The production of these molecules occurs in greater quantity in May, during the morning. This study aimed to evaluate whether the physico-chemical parameters of Aveloz homeopathic aqueous solutions such as pH, electrical conductivity and refractive index change due to storage time. Such parameters were measured regularly for 180 days. All solutions were prepared according to the method of grinding with lactose and subsequent dissolution in aqueous medium, as described in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, using as starting point the Aveloz latex collected in May. Homeopathic aqueous solutions containing only lactose were also prepared and evaluated as a control group. The potencies that were analyzed for electrical conductivity, pH and refractive index were: 4cH, 7cH, 9cH, 12cH, 14cH, 15cH, 29cH, 30cH. As a result, we found out that there was only statistical difference (p=0.035) in electrical conductivity between the homeopathic solutions containing Aveloz and the homeopathic solutions without Aveloz, when 15cH potency was compared. We also observed that the electrical conductivity increased with the aging of the solutions but is not directly related to the pH or the refractive index of the solutions, indicating that the aging process may alter the electrical conductivity of the homeopathic medicines. The presence of gas inside the glass that stores these solutions may affect the electrical conductivity measurements. Finally, no statistically significant difference was observed (p> 0.05) in the pH and refractive index.

Effects of diuron on toxicological and hematological parameters and lymphohematopoietic organs in a rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The Relationship between Biofilm and Physical-Chemical Properties of Implant Abutment Materials for Successful Dental Implants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Microbial, physical, chemical and sensory properties of Minas Frescal Cheese with inulin and acacia gum

Minas frescal cheese is a semi-skimmed product with high moisture and simple preparation and one of the most consumed in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to combine the characteristics of inulin and gum acacia (by having fibers and being prebiotic) to produce a minas frescal cheese. Were evaluate the characteristics physical and chemical, microbial and sensory acceptance (hedonic scale) of each cheese. Three cheeses were prepared; one as a standard (QP) without inulin, and others with 0.49% (QI25) and 0.98% (QI50) inulin, the amount of gum acacia was maintained. The yield of the formulations with gum acacia and inulin were 9.76% for (QI25) and to 20.03% (QI50) higher than the standard sample. In relation to moisture content, samples containing inulin and gum acacia showed values greater than the standard sample. The sensory analysis indicated no differences between scores for color, aroma and texture, but significant differences were detected for flavor, in which (QI25) received the highest acceptance. Regarding the energy value, it was obtained 276 kcal (QP), 215 kcal (QI25) and 190 kcal (QI50). Therefore, the developed product presents satisfactory results for sensory, microbiological and physical- chemical analyses.