Teores foliares de nutrientes, índice relativo de clorofila e teores de nitrato e de potássio na seiva do pecíolo na videira 'Niagara Rosada

A nutritional survey was carried out in 93 vineyards of the wine regions of Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales (state of São Paulo-Brazil), aiming to compare the nutrient concentration in leaf samples, the concentration of nitrate and potassium in the petiole sap and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) of 'Niagara Rosada' vineyard. Leaves, blade and petiole in full bloom vines were sampled in 20 plants selected from each vineyard, and evaluations of the IRC in the leaf blade and the levels of NO3-and K in the petioles sap were realized. Macro and micronutrients concentrations were measured in leaf samples. The sampled vineyards were grouped by region of study, and each vineyard was considered as a replicate sample, totaling 45, 24 and 24 repetitions, in Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales, respectively. Sampled vineyards from the Jales region showed higher leaf concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Mn, and also higher IRC and levels of nitrate and potassium in the petiole. These differences were related to the different rootstocks used, which were 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572' and 'Riparia of Traviu', respectively, for Jundiai, Jales and Sao Miguel Arcanjo. The differences highlight the need to adjust the concentration ranges of nutrients in leaf analysis, through regional trials, taking into account the rootstock and the region under study.

Apatite coatings onto titanium surfaces submitted to laser ablation with different energy densities

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atmospheric emission of reactive nitrogen during biofuel ethanol production

This paper evaluates emissions to the atmosphere of biologically available nitrogen compounds in a region characterized by intensive sugar cane biofuel ethanol production. Large emissions of NH(3) and NO,, as well as particulate nitrate and ammonium, occur at the harvest when the crop is burned, with the amount of nitrogen released equivalent to similar to 35% of annual fertilizer-N application. Nitrogen oxides concentrations show a positive association with fire frequency, indicating that biomass burning is a major emission source, with mean concentrations of NO, doubling in the dry season relative to the wet season. During the dry season biomass burning is a source of NH3, with other sources (wastes, soil, biogenic) predominant during the wet season. Estimated NO(2)-N, NH(3)-N, NO(3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N emission fluxes from sugar cane burning in a planted area,of ca. 2.2 x 10(6) ha are 11.0, 1.1, 0.2, and 1.2 Gg N yr(-1), respectively.

Épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio para híbridos de mamona no sistema plantio direto em safrinha

The castor bean cultivation has a high demand for nitrogen, in addition, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in most cases is low, so that this essential nutrient is provided at the appropriate time. The objective was to study the time nitrogen application in castor bean hybrids under no-till system in off-season. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, for two growing off-seasons (2006 and 2007). The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot design, with four replications. The plots were constituted by two castor bean hybrids (Lyra/Savana in 2006 and Lyra/Sara in 2007). Six combination of times out rates (0-0, 0-100, 100-0, 30-70, 70-30, 50-50 kg ha-1 of N) side dressing nitrogen fertilization constituted the subplots. The N source used was ammonium nitrate, applied 20 days after emergence and 40 days after emergence. Measurements were carried out: dry matter production of shoots, nitrate and ammonium leaf, leaf analysis, yield components and nitrogen factor utilization. The highest grain yield was obtained to the hybrid Lyra with nitrogen fertilization. In 2006 the highest nitrogen utilization factor to the hybrid Lyra was obtained with the form 70-30 and in the 2007 with 50-50.

Atributos químicos e físicos de um solo tratado com biossólido industrial e cultivado com milho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Qualidade química da água residual da criação de peixes para cultivo de alface em hidroponia

Aiming to evaluate the association of hydroponic lettuce cultivation with residues from a fish intensive breeding system, a project was carried out in the Aquaculture Center in the FCAV-UNESP at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A closed system was designed in order to allow the water to circulate through the fish tanks, a clarifier tank for removal of residues, a reservoir for biological conversion of ammonia into nitrate, and the hydroponic system. After this process, water returned back to the fish tanks. Three varieties of lettuce, constituting the treatments with four repetitions were evaluated. The results of the chemical analysis of the residual water from the fish tanks indicated the presence of the majority of the mineral nutrients necessary for vegetable development. Their concentration was close to that found in nutrient solutions, used for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, except for potassium and magnesium. The low concentration of magnesium in the water did not prevent lettuce development, although the plants presented visual symptoms of deficiency of this nutrient. Differences were not found between the varieties produced, regarding productivity and the mean weight of fresh plants.

Participation of genes involved in the process of anaerobic respiration of infection in chickens by salmonella typhimurium

Intestinal pathogens are exposed to various stress conditions during their infectious cycle. Anaerobiosis, one of such hostile condition, is offered by the host within gut and intestinal lumen, where survival, multiplication and entry into intestinal epithelial cells are priority for the invasion of the pathogen. The fumarate reductase (frdABCD), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase (dmsABC), and nitrate reductase (narGHIJ) operons in Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) encode enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration to the electron acceptors fumarate, DMSO, TMAO, and nitrate, respectively. They are regulated in response to nitrate and oxygen availability and changes in cell growth rate. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is synthesized by Salmonella Typhimurium only under anaerobic growth conditions used as a cofactor in four known reactions. The deletion of cobS and cbiA genes prevent any form of cobalamin production. In the present study we evaluate the infection of birds by mutants of STM, with the anaerobic respiratory system committed by mutations in the genes: narG, napA, cobS, cbiA, frdA, dmsA, and torC. Virulence was assessed by oral inoculation of groups of one-day-old broilers with 0.1 mL of culture contained 10 8 colony forming units (CFU)/mL or diluted at 10 -3 and 10 -2 of strains mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded over a period of 21 days. In general, the symptoms of chickens infected with the mutant strains were similar to those presenting by control birds. Except for STMNalr cbiA, all showed reduced capacity to cause mortality in comparison with the original strain. The mortality of group of chickens infected with STMNal r △narG, STMNal r △frdA, STMNal r △dmsA and STMNal r △cobS△cbiA showed significant decrease in mortality compared to control group (p<0.05).

Produção de rúcula e acúmulo de nitrato em função da adubação nitrogenada

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção e teores de nutrientes no capim braquiária adubado com nitrogênio e enxofre

Among the production factors, adequate fertilization is an important tool to raise the productivity of pastoral systems and consequently increase the share of Brazil in the supply chain of primary agricultural products at the global level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. The experiment in pots with Dystrophic Oxisol was evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, involving five N doses (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg dm-3) in the form of ammonium nitrate and three S doses (0, 20 and 80 mg dm-3) in the form of calcium sulfate, with a total of 15 treatments. In the treatments with low S dose, calcium was provided as calcium chloride, to ensure a homogeneous Ca supply in all treatments. The results showed that the tiller production and dry weight of green leaves and of stems + sheaths and total dry weight were favored by the combination of N and S fertilizer, while the proportion of dry leaves was reduced. Nitrogen fertilization raised the N contents in green leaves and stems + sheaths and reduced K contents in fresh and dry leaves. The response to S rates in the N content of green leaves was quadratic.

Evaluation of the microbial diversity of denitrifying bacteria in batch reactor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição, produção e qualidade do feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da qualidade de efluentes na criação de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Monitoramento de características físico-químicas da água e taxas de sedimentação de tripton no Córrego da Arribada (Baixo Tietê-SP) relacionadas à piscicultura em tanques-rede

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tratamento de efluentes de piscicultura utilizando sistema tipo wetland povoado com espécies de macrófitas aquáticas de três tipos ecológicos diferentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Respostas fisiológicas de duas espécies de algas vermelhas continentais ao empobrecimento de fósforo e nitrogênio inorgânicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)