Modelagem geoestatística das incertezas da distribuição espacial do fósforo disponível no solo, em área de cana-de-açúcar

Phosphorus is one of the limiting nutrients for sugarcane development in Brazilian soils. The spatial variability of this nutrient is great, defined by the properties that control its adsorption and desorption reactions. Spatial estimates to characterize this variability are based on geostatistical interpolation. However, inherent uncertainties in the procedure of these estimates are related to the variability structure of the property under study and the sample configuration of the area. Thus, the assessment of the uncertainty of estimates associated with the spatial distribution of available P (Plabile) is decisive to optimize the use of phosphate fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) and ordinary kriging (OK) in the modeling of uncertainty in available P estimates. A sampling grid with 626 points was established in a 200-ha experimental sugarcane field in Tabapuã, São Paulo State. The sGs algorithm generated 200 realizations. The sGs realizations reproduced the statistics and the distribution of the sample data. The G statistic (0.81) indicated good agreement between the values of simulated and observed fractions. The sGs realizations preserved the spatial variability of Plabile without the smoothing effect of the OK map. The accuracy in the reproduction of the variogram of the sample data obtained by the sGs realizations was on average 240 times higher than that obtained by OK. The uncertainty map, obtained by OK, showed less variation in the study area than that obtained by sGs. Thus, the evaluation of uncertainties by sGs was more informative and can be used to define and delimit specific management areas more precisely.

Simulação computacional e síntese de polímero molecularmente impresso para extração em fase sólida (MISPE) de ciprofloxacina em urina

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Desenvolvimento experimental e simulação numérica de uma réplica térmica de placa de circuito impresso

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Modelagem e quantificação da incerteza espacial do potássio disponível no solo por simulações estocásticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação espaço-temporal da qualidade da água e simulação de autodepuração na bacia hidrográfica do córrego São Simão, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Simulação numérica através do método dos elementos finitos e comparação experimental para obtenção de tensões e deformações específicas em fêmur com prótese total de quadril

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Simulação e controle de um quadcopter utilizando lógica fuzzy

The present work develops a model to simulate the dynamics of a quadcopter being controlled by a PD fuzzy controller. Initially is presented a brief history of quadcopters an introduction to fuzzy logic and fuzzy control systems. Afterwards is presented an overview of the quadcopter dynamics and the mathematical modelling development applying Newton-Euler method. Then the modelling are implemented in a Simulink model in addition to a PD fuzzy controller. A prototype proposition is made, by describing each necessary component to build up a quadcopter. In the end the results from the simulators are discussed and compared due to the discrepancy between the model using ideal sensor and the model using non-ideal sensors

Análise comparativa de softwares de simulação de onda de cheia e corridas de massa

This scientific research aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of softwares used to represent the processes of flood wave and debris flow. For this, a literature review was performed on these processes and on simulation models used to represent them. Then, a research on scientific database and developers’ websites was performed to identify the softwares used to simulate these processes. This step was performed based on specific criteria such as the type of simulation performed by the software, its practical applications and a user friendly interface. A free distribution and totally functional software was chosen and its simulation mechanisms were tested through a simulation exercise and the results interpreted based on data on measured in the Basin of Ribeirão Marins section Monjolinho located in Piracicaba - SP. With respect to the processes, it was sought to present the dynamics, constraints, parameters and variables used to understand them and for the simulation models were presented the conceptual aspects of mathematical modeling including the steps of the simulation process and the different types of simulation models used to represent them. In total, 20 softwares were identified, and the software object of analysis was the ABC 6 that performs simulation of flood wave. Through the simulation exercise, it was observed that were presented overestimated values of flow compared to measured data in the basin. For both hypotheses were raised about the causes of the discrepancy between the observed and simulated flow. It has been concluded that the simulation process consisted of a complex procedure where generalizations, misrepresentations and simplifications may occur due to the data used and the method adopted, but it is a useful tool in planning and decision making in various types of studies and environmental projects

Modelagem matemática para a dispersão de fungos fitopatogênicos via autômatos celulares

Brazil is a major world producer and exporter of agricultural products like soybeans, sugar, coffee, orange and tobacoo. However, the action of phytopathogenic fungi has been one of the largest challenges encountered in the field as they are responsible for approximately 25 to 50 per cent of losses in crops of fruits and vegetables. The presence of these pathogens is always a problem, because the damage on the tissues and organs promote lesions which decreses growth vegetation and often leads the individual (host) to death. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the process of spreading of these pathogens in the field to develop strategies which prevent the epidemics caused by them. In this study, the dispersal of fungi phytopathogenic in the field was modeled using the automata cellular formalism. The growth rate of infected plants population was measured by the radius of gyration and the influence of host different susceptibility degrees into the disease spread was assessed. The spatial anisotropy related to the plant-to-plant space and the system’s response to distinct seasonal patterns were also evaluated. The results obtained by a mean field model (spatially implicit models) emphasized the importance of the spatial structure on the spreading process, and dispersal patterns obtained by simulation (using a cellular automata) were in agreement with thse observed in data. All computational implementation was held in language Cl

Ajuste do modelo QUAL2K e simulação de cenários para o Ribeirão Claro

The project has as objective to adjust the model QUAL2K to “Ribeirão Claro” river to evaluate the behavior of OD and DBO when are simulated the following sceneries: (i) implantation of a hypothetic wastewater station treatment that treats all the effluent thrown nowadays in the body of water; (ii) increase of withdrawal flow of DAAE to public supply and (iii) increase of nowadays flow of wastewater throwing, being the two last caused for the population increasing. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the model QUAL2K presented a good adjustment to the variable OD and a reasonable adjustment to the variable DBO, being that the same was suitable to the simulation of the sceneries proposed.

Modelagem do transporte de sedimentos na alta Bacia do Córrego Cachoeirinha (Rio Claro, SP) através do software Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

This study aimed to simulate and evaluate the sediment transport in Upper Basin Stream Cachoeirinha in Rio Claro, SP, and compare the results with previous studies performed in the same basin. The modeling software used in this study was Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a very comprehensive tool that discusses many physical processes. In this work, the hydrosedimentological processes were treated, aiming to understand the sediment production and transport. The Basin Stream Cachoeirinha has an area with predominantly agricultural use, especially sugar cane. The database for inclusion in software was constructed from the following elements: climatic, topographical, soil type and use and land cover of the area, also including the parameters of Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The analysis was conducted for a period of 16 years (1994-2010), which is the range of data available from CEAPLA. The results were analyzed in terms of annual runoff and sediment yield. The average sediment delivery in the simulation was 0.94 t/ha/year, while the maximum annual contribution was 7.28 t/ha/year

Modelagem e avaliação de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção para residências e instalações de pequeno porte

This work presents a study of the absorption refrigeration system and the modeling and evaluation of two cycles using the binary solutions water-lithium bromide and ammonia-water for an equipment to be used in small size plants like residences. The study and evaluation aims the complete understanding of all parts of the system and the influence of each one of them as well as the spread of the knowledge to raise the use of this type of equipment in all sizes in order to decrease the energetic consumption of plants of all scales and making viable the alternative sources. The study is done in each element of the cycle separately and in some auxiliary equipments required in the operation such as the main power source, the solar collector. The software used for modeling, with emphasis on thermal part, was the EES (Engineering Equation Solver), that permitted the thermal balance calculus and acquisition of the used fluids properties. The results obtained for the equipment shows the system is more complex than the widely used in business, however, it can be viable and represents an alternative to increase the energetic efficiency

Uso do modelo de simulação 'ABC 6' para avaliação de áreas sujeitas à ocorrência de ondas de cheia e corridas de massa/detritos: estudo de caso na bacia do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Pipelines are linear engineering works, designed mostly for transporting oil and its derivatives for long distances, furnishing even the farthermost zones of the country. Due to oil sector needs to ensure for the safety and conservation of its properties, several geotechnical studies are being held at the pipelines field, in order to preserve this important transportation, and also to prevent accidents, which might seriously compromise the environment and the population who lives around it. The OSBRA pipeline, who connects the city of Paulínia to the capital Brasília, is one of these engineering works that deserves to be pointed out. This research, performed at the Ribeirão da Prata Basin, was a pilot study conducted with the main objective of testing the current methodology efficiency, for future applications in the closest watersheds to the OSBRA pipeline. The objective of this research is to analyze flood wave and debris flow processes in a non-fictional watershed, by comparing two different kinds of methods: the first one based on simulation models (software ‘ABC 6’), and the other one by flood wave and debris flow susceptibility mapping. The results from the hydrological modeling were both hydrographs and ietographs that estimated values of outputs and infiltration. To construct the susceptibility maps were necessary three other maps: ground use and occupation maps, divided according to the different protection degrees that were offered to the ground; maps of dam locations in the area and physiographic compartimentation maps, divided according to the local geology. To complete the methodology, the results were collected from both methods for comparison. The obtained product for this methodology was series of data whose different susceptibility degrees to flood wave and debris flow could define the safest route for a pipeline crossing in this watershed...

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na fazenda Cara Preta - Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

The term model refers to any representation of a real system. The use of models in Hydrogeology can be valuable predictive tools for management of groundwater resources. The numeric models of groundwater flow, object of this study, consist on a set of differential equations that describe the water flow in the porous medium. In this context, numeric simulations were made for a sub-basin located at Cara Preta farm – Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP. The aquifer at the local is composed by rocks of Pirambóia Formation, which is part of Guarani Aquifer System. It was developed a conceptual model from previous studies in the area, and from that, simulations were made through the software Visual Modflow®. The conceptual model established previously was considered consistent through the results of simulation.

Modelagem em 3D de uma patela humana e análise de esforços utilizando o método dos elementos finitos

Throughout the history of medicine surgeons realized the importance of the patella to the functioning of the knee. The main function of the patella is to increase the mechanical efficiency of the quadriceps tendon and knee extensor mechanism. It was found that 50% to 80% of the fractures without deviation of the patella have the transversal pattern, possibly due to excessive tensile forces applied to the extensor mechanism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the loads to which a patella is submitted during a normal extension movement of knee. This analysis will be done by modeling a 3D patella and subsequent load simulation as, described in medical literature, using the finite element method