Efeitos da administração de vitamina E na infecção mamária e na contagem de células somáticas de cabras primíparas desafiadas experimentalmente com Staphylococcus aureus

O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da administração de vitamina E sobre a contagem de células somáticas e a infecção da glândula mamária de cabras primíparas desafiadas com a inoculação intramamária de Staphylococcus aureus ao 10º dia pós-parto. Vinte e oito animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, cada um composto por sete cabras primíparas da raça Saanen, como segue: grupo-controle, grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E, grupo de animais desafiados com S.aureus inoculados na glândula mamária e grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E e desafiados com S.aureus na glândula mamária. Na segunda e terceira semanas de lactação, a inoculação de S.aureus na glândula mamária permitiu a recuperação do microrganismo no leite e elevou a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). A liberação de S.aureus no leite ocorreu de maneira intermitente. em animais suplementados com vitamina E, o desafio com S.aureus resultou em CCS mais baixa e menor número de microrganismos no leite. Sugere-se que a CCS possa ser utilizada para a detecção da mastite caprina, devendo-se utilizar contagens superiores a 1,0x10(6)células/ml de leite como critério para a realização de exames microbiológicos.

Atividade funcional neutrofílica em cabras com mastite induzida experimentalmente por Staphylococcus aureus e suplementadas com vitamina E (acetato DL-α-tocoferol)

Avaliou-se a função neutrofílica em cabras com mastite por Staphylococcus aureus, induzida experimentalmente, suplementadas com vitamina E (acetato DL-α-tocoferol). Foram utilizadas 14 cabras gestantes da raça Saanen, com idades entre 8 e 12 meses e com cultura bacteriológica do leite negativa. Sete cabras receberam 2000UI de vitamina E, via intramuscular, no dia do parto e no sétimo dia pós-parto. As outras sete não foram medicadas. No 10º dia pós-parto, os dois grupos foram inoculados com 300 unidades formadoras de colônias de Staphylococcus aureus, cepa ATCC 25923, diluídas em 10ml de solução fisiológica, na glândula mamária esquerda. A função de neutrófilos sangüíneos foi medida pelo teste nitroazul tetrazólio (NBT), antes da inoculação, no momento da infecção e 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas pós-infecção, quando foi instituído o tratamento intramamário com antimicrobiano, por três dias consecutivos. A colheita final de sangue foi realizada 48 horas após a última aplicação do medicamento. Amostras de sangue para determinação da vitamina E foram colhidas no dia do parto, no momento da infecção, 48 horas pós-infecção e 48 horas pós-tratamento e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta performance. Na prova não estimulada do NBT não foram verificadas diferenças entre grupos e entre momentos. Na prova estimulada do NBT (NBT-E) houve diferença entre tratamentos às 12 e 72 horas pós-infecção, com valores mais elevados de NBT-E nos animais sem suplementação. Conclui-se que a suplementação com vitamina E reduz o percentual de neutrófilos NBT-E positivos.

Uso da fluorsceína na identificação dos vasos linfáticos superficiais das glândulas mamárias em cadelas

Uma técnica empregando fluoresceína sódica 5% e luz ultravioleta foi desenvolvida para a identificação dos trajetos dos vasos linfáticos superficiais das glândulas mamárias em dez cadelas. A fluoresceína foi injetada por via intradérmica ao redor da base de cada mamilo e cada mama foi observada após 5, 15, 30 e 60 minutos. em cada animal, primeiramente, foram avaliadas as mamas torácica cranial, abdominal cranial e inguinal das cadeias direita e esquerda e 48 horas após as mamas torácica caudal e abdominal caudal das cadeias direita e esquerda. de um total de 97 mamas injetadas, em 8 a fluoresceína não foi captada pelos linfáticos. O tempo de 30 minutos foi o mais adequado para a visualização total dos trajetos. Mostrou ser um método simples, rápido e inócuo de verificação in vivo de vasos linfáticos.

Mastite subclínica bubalina por Aspergillus fumigatus

This research aimed to report the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in a buffalo from a study carried out with 548 milk samples of 137 Murrah and Mediterranean buffalos from seven milk properties, located in the cities of Jau, Botucatu and Sorocaba, State of São Paulo. The animals of the study were submitted to a clinical examination of the mammary gland by the inspection and to the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical mastitis by California Mastitis Test (CMT), being the milk samples later directed to the laboratory for microbiological studies and also to the test of Whiteside Modified (WSM). The isolated agents were identified by the morphological characteristics of its colonies and through microcultive staining with blue cotton. Two (02) pure fungi samples were isolated representing 2.86% of the total isolated microorganism, corresponding to two mammary rooms in one animal, and were classified as pertaining to the Aspergillus fumigatus specie. The animal in question showed reaction of ++ to the CMT in both affected rooms and negative reaction to the WSM. In this way it is concluded that the Aspergillus fumigatus participates in a discrete way as a determinant agent of bubaline subclinical mastitis, however it is important because the affected animals can act as potential reservoirs and may be able to generate the infection in human beings.

Partial genetic characterization of Stearoyl Coa-Desaturase's structural region in Bubalus bubalis

Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) comprise a family of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. The main form of CLA, cis-9, trans-11-C18:2 show positive effects in cancer prevention and treatment. The major dietary sources of these fatty acids are derived from ruminant animals, in particular dairy products. In these animals, the endogenous synthesis mainly occurs in mammary gland by the action of enzyme Stearoyl CoA Desaturase (SCD). Different levels of expression and activity of SCD in mammary gland can explain partially the variation of CLA levels in fat milk. Considering a great fat concentration in bubaline milk and the benefit of a high and positive correlation between fat milk and CLA production, this study was carried on with the intention of sequencing and characterizing part of the gene that codifies SCD in buffaloes. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of lactating bubaline which begins to the breed Murrah. After the (acho que nao precisa desse the) extractions, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) reactions were made by using primers Z (sic) (sic) D1 and E1 (sic) (sic) F1. The fragments obtained in PCR were cloned into T vectors and transformed in competent cells DH10B line. After this, three samples of each fragment were sequenced from 5' and 3' extremities using a BigDye kit in an automatic sequencer. Sequences were edited in a consensus of each fragment and were submitted to BLAST-n / NCBI for similarity comparisions among other species. The sequence obtained with Z (sic) (sic) D1 primers shows 938 bp enclosing exons 1 and 2 and intron 1. The primers E1 (sic) (sic) F1 show 70 bp corresponding to exon 3 of bubaline SCD gene. Similarities were obtained between 85% and 97% among bubaline sequences and sequences of SCD gene described in human, mouse, rat, swine, bovine, caprine and ovine species. This study has permitted the identification and partial characterization of SCD codifing region in Bubalus bubalis specie.

Use of PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism) in the gene of the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA-Desaturase in Bubalus bubalis

The milk is an important food because it contents Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CIA). These fatty acids are synthesized in mammary gland under action of the enzyme Stearoyl CoA-Desaturase (SCD) and have showed some positive effects in human disease prevention and treatments. A variation of CLA in milk fat exists and can be partially explained by the different levels of expression of SCD. The aim was to study part of the encoding regions of SCD's gene using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Genomic DNA was extracted from lactating Murrah females. After this, PCR reactions were made by using primers Z (sic) (sic) D1 that encloses exon I, II and intron I. The fragments amplified are composed by 938 pb. Then, RFLP techniques were applied in the fragments using the restriction enzymes Pst I and Sma I. The enzyme Pst I has generated fragments of 788pb and 150bp and the Sma I has generated fragments of 693pb and 245pb. All the animals showed the same migration standard for both enzymes, characterizing a genetic monomorphism for this region of SCD gene. The analysis determined that there aren't genetic differences between these animals in the studied regions by using Pst I and Sma I enzymes.

Caracterização clínica, diagnóstico histopatológico e distribuição geográfica das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas de salvador, Bahia

Spontaneous tumors of the mammary gland in female dogs, represent the most frequent neoplasms observed in the small animal clinic, which explains the high interest of researchers in the study of this lesion. This study aimed to determine the frequency of mammary tumors in female dogs treated at HOSPMEV/UFBA, in Salvador, from January 2006 to April 2008, as well as to carry out the clinical characterization, histopathologic classification and the georeferencing of this pathology. The results showed a high prevalence of mammary tumors in female dogs, with most of the tumors in more advanced stages and the carcinomas in mixed tumors the predominant histologic type. There was maalso a.correlation between socioeconomic characteristics of the study population with known prognostic factors for mammary neoplasms in female dogs. These results reflect the delay in providing veterinary medical care. Thus, it's important to educate the population regarding the prevention and detection of mammary cancer in female dogs looking for an early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça santa inês em diferentes fases de lactação

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactation phases on the proteinogram of whey protein in Santa Inês ewes. Ewes were accompanied in a semi-intensive system using the same sanitary and nutritional management evaluated at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum (end of weaning and lactation). Clinical examination of the mammary gland was carried out through and bacteriological culture. The screening of the material resulted in 44 milk samples of healthy glands concurrent negative by CMT and bacteriological culture exam. For obtaining the whey protein renin solution was used. The whey was fractionated into aliquots and kept in the -80C freezer to later separation of protein fractions. For determination of total protein of whey protein was employed the biuret, observing the linearity of the test. Separation of protein fractions was performed, using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Eigth protein were observed including lactoferrin, serum albumin, IgA, IgG (heavy chain IgG (IgG CP), light chain IgG (IgG CL), ß-lactoglobulin, a-lactalbumin and proteins identified as PM 15000 and PM 29000. No significant difference was observed at different stages of lactation in the following protein: IgA (P>0.3895), lactoferrin (P>0.1611), PM 29000 (P>0.4879), α-lactalbumin (P>0.0799) and PM15000 (P>0.4494). In total protein (P<0.0022), albumin protein (P<0.0377) and IgG (P<0.0354) it was observed a significant variation in the first moments of observations, in the ß-lactoglobulin protein (P<0.0005) there was significant variation with reduction of 15 to 30 days postpartum with progressive elevation until the last stage of lactation (90 days postpartum). The SDS-PAGE technique allowed the quantification of eigth whey proteins in health ewes. The protein fractions identified reflect the profile of whey to ovine species, with influence of stages of lactation in albumin, IgG and ß-lactoglobulin.

Perioperative evaluation of tumescent anaesthesia technique in bitches submitted to unilateral mastectomy

Background: Tumescent anaesthesia (TA) is a widely used technique in oncologic surgeries necessitating large resection margins. This technique produces transoperative and postoperative analgesia, reduces surgical bleeding, and facilitates tissue divulsion. This prospective, randomised, blind study evaluated the use of TA in bitches submitted to mastectomy and compared the effect of TA with an intravenous fentanyl bolus. A 2.5-mcg/kg intravenous fentanyl bolus (n = 10) was compared with TA using 0.275% lidocaine (n = 10) in bitches submitted to unilateral mastectomy. Sedation was performed by intramuscular (IM) injection of 0.05 mg/kg of acepromazine combined with 2 mg/kg of meperidine. Anaesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg of intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane/O2. Heart and respiratory rates; systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures; central venous pressure; SpO2; ETCO2; inspired and expired isoflurane concentrations; and temperature were measured transoperatively. Visual analogue scales for sedation and pain and the Glasgow composite and Melbourne pain scales were used for postoperative assessment. The surgeon investigated the quality of the surgical approach, considering bleeding and resection ability, and the incidence of postoperative wound complications.Results: The heart rate was lower and the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was higher in dogs treated with fentanyl than in dogs treated with TA. A fentanyl bolus was administered to 8 of 10 dogs treated with fentanyl and to none treated with TA. Intraoperative bleeding and the mammary gland excision time were lower in dogs treated with TA. The maximal mean and individual plasma lidocaine concentrations were 1426 ± 502 ng/ml and 2443 ng/ml at 90 minutes after infiltration, respectively. The Glasgow Composite Pain Scale scores were higher in dogs treated with fentanyl than in dogs treated with TA until 2 hours after extubation.Conclusions: Compared with intravenous fentanyl, TA in bitches: may be easily performed in non-inflamed, ulcerated, adhered mammary tumours; has an isoflurane-sparing effect; improves transoperative and immediate postoperative analgesia; is apparently safe for use in clinical conditions as evidenced by the fact that it did not produce any adverse signs or lidocaine plasma concentrations compatible with toxicity; does not modify the recovery time; and facilitates the surgical procedure without interfering with wound healing. © 2013 Credie et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia spp. isolated from bovine mastitis in Brazil

Nocardia spp. infections can cause severe damage to the mammary gland due to suppurative pyogranulomatous lesions and lack of clinical cure in response to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Although Nocardia infections are considered relatively uncommon in cows, there has been an apparent worldwide increase in the incidence of bovine mastitis caused by Nocardia spp, perhaps due to environmental transmission of this ubiquitous pathogen. The objectives of present study were to determine: (i) species distribution of 80 Nocardia isolates involved in bovine mastitis (based on molecular methods); and (ii) antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates from three geographical areas in Brazil. In this study, Nocardia nova (80%) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Nocardia farcinica (9%). Additionally, Nocardia puris, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia veterana, Nocardia africana, and Nocardia arthritidis were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing. This is apparently the first report of N. puris, N. veterana, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. arthritidis and N. africana in association with bovine mastitis. Based on the disk diffusion test, isolates were most frequently resistant to cloxacillin (75%), ampicillin (55%) and cefoperazone (47%), whereas few Nocardia spp. were resistant to amikacin, cefuroxime or gentamicin. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Caracterização do perfil clonal, fatores de virulência e determinação da resistência em Staphylococcus spp. isolados de leite ovino

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Diagnóstico comparativo entre a histopatologia e citologia por capilaridade com agulha de insulina nas neoplasias mamárias caninas

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Análise mutacional da região dos exons 5 a 8 do gene supressor de tumor p53 em neoplasias mamárias caninas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil bioquímico, condição microbiológica e celuridade do leite de búfalas

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Possíveis associações entre marcadores genético-bioquímicos e sensibilidade a mastite em vacas da raça holandês, pura por cruzamento, variedade malhada de preto, em ambiente tropical

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ