Proposta de metodologia de auxílio à decisão utilizando conjuntos Fuzzy para repotenciação de PCHs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de propostas de sequestro mineral de carbono para usinas termoelétricas no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DECORRENTES DE VAZAMENTO DE GÁS NATURAL DE BAIXA E MÉDIA PRESSÕES, NA ÁREA URBANA CENTRAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO

Com a busca por fontes de energia alternativas, o gás natural vem adquirindo posicionamento de destaque por seu relativo baixo custo de aquisição ao consumidor final e por apresentar reduzidos impactos na implantação de dutovias, comparados com outras fontes de energia (hidroelétrica e fissão). O presente trabalho foi direcionado para a verificação de possíveis impactos oriundos de vazamentos em tubulações de gás em sua fase operacional. A área de estudo localiza-se no Município de São Paulo; sua escolha deve-se por apresentar tubulações centenárias que demandam constantes intervenções ou manutenções e pela fácil captação de amostras para análise. Foram amostrados 40 pontos e nestes analisados aspectos dos meios antrópico, biótico e físico-químico. O método adotado fundamentou-se na caracterização dos dutos de gás e sua manutenção, no diagnóstico ambiental, considerados os fatores ambientais solo, ar, flora, fauna, condições de vida da população e paisagem urbana, e posterior identificação de impactos, nas situações de alteração dos impactos ambientais. Os resultados demonstraram que qualquer vazamento de gás gera uma alteração em pelo menos um fator ambiental, denotando um impacto. Novas linhas de estudo são propostas como melhor análise químico-física do material exposto ao contaminante e reações químicas do odorante com o solo que teve contato.

Influência da fuligem da queima de palha de cana-de-açucar na presença de HPA em hortaliças de consumo humano

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Avaliação dos aspectos hídricos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na Bacia São José dos Dourados

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

The use of radon (Rn-222) and volatile organic compounds in monitoring soil gas to localize NAPL contamination at a gas station in Rio Claro, Sao Paulo State, Brazil

This study focuses on the presence of radon (Rn-222) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil gases at a gas station located in the city of Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, where a fossil fuel leak occurred. The spatial distribution results show a correlation between Rn-222 and VOCs, consistent with the fact that radon gas has a greater chemical affinity with organic phases than with water. This finding demonstrates that the presence of a residual hydrocarbon phase in an aquifer can retain radon, leading to a reduced radon content in the soil gas. The data in this study confirm the results of previous investigations, in which the method used in this study provided a preliminary fingerprint of a contaminated area. Furthermore, the data analysis time is brief, and only simple equipment is required. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Produção sustentável de leite bovino em área de proteção ambiental: aplicação da análise energética no município de Torre de Pedra/SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Development of a knowledge-based system for cogeneration plant design: Verification, validation and lessons learned

This paper presents the development of a knowledge-based system (KBS) prototype able to design natural gas cogeneration plants, demonstrating new features for this field. The design of such power plants represents a synthesis problem, subject to thermodynamic constraints that include the location and sizing of components. The project was developed in partnership with the major Brazilian gas and oil company, and involved interaction with an external consultant as well as an interdisciplinary team. The paper focuses on validation and lessons learned, concentrating on important aspects such as the generation of alternative configuration schemes, breadth of each scheme description created by the system, and its module to support economic feasibility analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Desenvolvimento de um novo conceito para o índice de Wobbe

The increasing demand for alternative fuels lead to the search for solutions to use these fuels in old equipments and bring for new equipments the necessity of alternative fuels based burners. As a solution for these necessity the Gas Interchangeability`s studies came in evidence, because it studies the possibility of changing one fuel for another without changing the initial condition. In integrated industries, as most of steel industries, there is a link between process, the byproducts of one process are used as fuel for other process. There are new conditions for the equipments, that will be developed for these fuels, but even in these industries there will be situations which the byproduct won`t be available, and the process cannot stop. Using the gas interchangeability`s concepts is possible to work with security in both cases. Using alternative fuels in fossil fuel based burners and having a back-up solution for new technology burner. But using these new solutions were verified that there are some cases which the interchangeability`s methods does not work with satisfactory results, and for this reason, this study came to develop a new concept for the Method of Wobbe Index to evaluate the possibility to increase the range of the satisfactory results

Avaliação da influência dos parâmetros de processo de soldagem MIG no surgimento de poros em tubos de alumínio

The process of electric arc welding with shielding gas (GMAW) is being increasingly used in various industrial applications. This process occurs by which an electric arc is established between the work piece and a consumable in the form of wire, the arc melts the wire continuously as it is fed to the weld pool. The weld metal is protected from the atmosphere by flowing a gas (or gas mixture) inert or active. This paper presents a study of the welding process GMAW - MIG on aluminum tubes, alloy 6101 - T6, used in the manufacture of armored busbar, intended for driving electric power plants. 5(five) were welded specimens, changing certain welding parameters at each time was monitored welding joint as well as the interpass temperature. Tests were performed bending, tensile and macrographical analysis of body-of-evidence and through its results was possible to reach a better welding condition, which minimizes the appearance of pores, since the porosity has great influence on the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of welded pipes

Projeto de recuperação da planta termelétrica do Laboratório de Vapor do Departamento de Energia da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá

Brazil is nowadays the greatest bet of investors for the future due to its stable economy growth. The country has grown side by side with the greatest demand for electrical energy. The international appeal for renewable sources is causing a change in the Brazilian energetic matrix, raising the amount of energy generated by thermoelectric power plants. The construction of new power plants, running on biomass, requires a crescent number of capacitated personnel to run them. The Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá – UNESP – has a steam laboratory; witch is deactivated, which has a thermoelectric plant of small capacity. The laboratory reactivation and the return of its activities can be an important tool in order to graduate engineer able to operate on such units. This paper proposes four new experiments to be simulated on the Collage’s Energy Dep. Steam Lab when it gets back to its educational activities

Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia (SP): um estudo de vazão de contribuição pelo método de regionalização hidrológica

Seeking the integrated management of water resources and financial compensation especially as a management tool, according to the Law No. 9433 of 1997 and No. 9985 of 2000. This research's main objective is measuring the flow contribution of Núcleo Santa Virginia, the State Park of Serra do Mar, starting from the hydrological regionalization method, developed by the Department of Water and Power. According to the Law 9985 of 2000 Conservation Units have the right to receive in the form of an investment a portion of the amount paid by Power Plants, being passed directly to the Conservation Units, differently from the 9433 Act. By dividing the area of Núcleo Santa Virgínia, in Sub-basins, it was possible to find the minimum flow during seven consecutive days, with a return period of ten years, Q7,10, and steady water flow in 95% of the time, Q95 for the Center and from these data to calculate the monetary value of law under Articles 47 and 48 from Law 9985 of 2000

Avaliação do desempenho ambiental da produção canavieira com colheita mecanizada: contribuição à implantação de um sistema simplificado de gestão ambiental da propriedade

The consuming of the natural resources in the agricultural sector does not represent only one external factor of the productive process, but also it implies in a bigger cost for the production, justified for this environmental degradation. In view of the necessity of evaluating the sustainment of the agricultural businesses, the use of performance indicators if makes of extreme importance. The measurement of the support through environmentalindicators is one of the most accepted forms of performing the evaluation of one given agricultural activity. In this context, the Base System for Eco-certification of Agricultural Businesses (Eco-cert Rural) developed by the Embrapa Environment at Jaguariúna/SP, has for purpose to present a method of evaluation of the agricultural businesses, not only of the point of view of the ecological performance, as well as considering the social, economic and organizational aspects. Through the analysis of the performance of the activity and the regularization of the disconformities found, it makes possible the eco-certification of the activities in the varied existing protocols, offering technologies designed to the sustainable development of the agricultural businesses. Using Eco-cert.Rural, this work evaluated the contribution of the use of mechanized harvest in sugar cane handling, front to the traditional system of manual harvest, using the fire. In the Sugar Cane Activity General Performance Index, Agrícola Rio Claro scored 2,08 of a maximum of 15. Amongst all the indicators, those wich reached performance worse had been related to the Use of Energy and the Income, by increasing fossil fuel consumptiom, and implying income concentration due to resignations of rural workers. However, the improvements on the environment quality by supressing manual harvest through fire are very significant. Beyond the great reduction in...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Iniciativa para integração da infraestrutura regional Sul-americana (IIRSA): a construção do complexo do Rio Madeira e seus impactos socioambientais

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Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...