138 resultados para Estrutura espacial


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Phosphorus is one of the limiting nutrients for sugarcane development in Brazilian soils. The spatial variability of this nutrient is great, defined by the properties that control its adsorption and desorption reactions. Spatial estimates to characterize this variability are based on geostatistical interpolation. However, inherent uncertainties in the procedure of these estimates are related to the variability structure of the property under study and the sample configuration of the area. Thus, the assessment of the uncertainty of estimates associated with the spatial distribution of available P (Plabile) is decisive to optimize the use of phosphate fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) and ordinary kriging (OK) in the modeling of uncertainty in available P estimates. A sampling grid with 626 points was established in a 200-ha experimental sugarcane field in Tabapuã, São Paulo State. The sGs algorithm generated 200 realizations. The sGs realizations reproduced the statistics and the distribution of the sample data. The G statistic (0.81) indicated good agreement between the values of simulated and observed fractions. The sGs realizations preserved the spatial variability of Plabile without the smoothing effect of the OK map. The accuracy in the reproduction of the variogram of the sample data obtained by the sGs realizations was on average 240 times higher than that obtained by OK. The uncertainty map, obtained by OK, showed less variation in the study area than that obtained by sGs. Thus, the evaluation of uncertainties by sGs was more informative and can be used to define and delimit specific management areas more precisely.

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The drainage basin of Cascavel River is almost entirely within the urban perimeter of Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil. Seven stream segments were sampled in two seasons (summer and winter). We found 12 taxa of macroalgae with a dominance of Chlorophyta (seven taxa) followed by Cyanophyta (three taxa), Heterokontophyta and Rhodophyta (one taxon each). Richness, diversity, and evenness were higher during the winter while the abundance and dominance were higher in the summer. Among the microenvironmental characteristics, the current velocity was the only one that differed significantly between the periods. The regression analysis revealed that the richness of the substrate was responsible for the variation in richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance during the summer period. During the winter the current velocity was responsible for the variation of species diversity. A cluster analysis of macroalgal communities did not group points in the same temporal period. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the segments were close to each other because of the occurrence of one or a few species in common. The patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of stream macroalgae seem to be strongly influenced by microhabitat characteristics at different scales.However, they aresupported by regional variables.

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As samambaias arbóreas têm alta representatividade dentro do ecossistema de Mata Atlântica, mas poucas são as indicações de estudos a respeito da ecologia dessa guilda vegetal. No presente trabalho fez-se um levantamento das espécies ocorrentes na parte alta do Parque Estadual ―Carlos Botelho‖, em vista da ausência na literatura de diferenciações e quantificações de suas populações para o Parque. Definiu-se a distribuição dos indivíduos por classes de altura e a organização espacial, como elementos para a descrição das populações de samambaiaçus ocorrentes na área, destacando-se alguns parâmetros do ambiente físico e as diferenças na paisagem, que favorecem o seu desenvolvimento. Foram demarcadas 60 parcelas de 5 x 20m, em três trilhas distintas, sendo alocadas 30 parcelas no ambiente de fundo de vale e 30 na encosta. Foram identificados e medidos todos os fetos arborescentes que apresentavam troncos visíveis, sendo distribuídos em classes de altura. Para a avaliação da distribuição espacial utilizou-se a Relação Variância/Média, o Índice de Morisita e o Índice de Morisita Padronizado. Os parâmetros de habitat medidos foram a cobertura de dossel e a umidade do solo e da serrapilheira. Através do teste T-student comparou-se as densidades das populações entre o fundo de vale e a encosta, assim como as diferenças entre os parâmetros de habitat medidos em cada ambiente e trilha. Foram amostrados 247 indivíduos, sendo 83 de Alsophila setosa, 63 de Cyathea phalerata, 32 de C. delgadii, 11 de C. dichromatolepis, 10 de A. sternbergii e 4 de C. corcovadensis. A maioria das espécies apresentou um maior número de indivíduos nas classes de menor tamanho, indicando que as populações possuem grande capacidade de regeneração natural na área. Todas as espécies apresentaram padrão de ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The climate is one of the main elements of the natural environment that governs the life of man. Specific conditions of temperature, humidity, light, wind and precipitation have direct influence on physiological conditions that man needs to survive and more than that, besides the influence on human and animal physiology, the climatic elements are also responsible for a significant portion of economic activities such as industry, agriculture, commerce, transportation, and others. Therefore, any change in weather patterns has great impact on daily activities, and even more in urban sites, where the most of population is concentrated nowadays. Based on this discussion and concerned in understand the atmospheric structure, this monograph intends to analyze the pattern of atmospheric and temperature element in seven cities of small and medium size located in the state of São Paulo countryside... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)