73 resultados para Enteroparasitas oportunistas
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Radioterapia é uma das modalidades terapêuticas mais utilizadas no tratamento de neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço. Contudo apresenta severos efeitos colaterais, dentre os quais a mucosite é uma das mais prevalentes e sérias, ocasionando áreas ulceradas com extremo desconforto para alimentação e possibilidades de infecções secundárias, muitas delas por microrganismos oportunistas. Esse estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência e grau de severidade da mucosite oral em pacientes com lesões malignas de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia, bem como relacionar com a interrupção do tratamento. 50 pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente e por meio de questionário, durante e após o tratamento, no Centro de Radioterapia de Megavoltagem em São José do Rio Preto-SP utilizando-se os critérios de mucosite da OMS. Pode-se verificar que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou algum grau de mucosite durante o tratamento e persiste em alguns pacientes mesmo após a interrupção da radioterapia. A má higiene bucal e tratamentos odontológicos prévios são fatores associados aos graus mais severos das lesões.
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Enteric organisms, pseudomonads and other opportunistic microorganisms in the oral microbiota have been linked to serious infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU). The present study evaluated the presence of family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in the mouth of patients in ICU, correlating it with oral and systemic conditions. Data on health, socioeconomic status, medication use, drug addiction, medical and family histories of patients held for more than 72 hours in the ICU with a diagnosis of severe infection or that developed this condition after entry in said unit were obtained. Fifty patients provided clinical samples of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, saliva and oral mucous membranes were collected, as well as respiratory secretions from patients with pneumonia, blood and urine for sepsis. The presence of target microorganisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by culture using selective media. The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was 5%. The intraoral clinical conditions of the patients were poor. The family Enterobacteriaceae was the most prevalent, affecting 39.5% of the supragingival biofilm samples of patients attended in ICU and 18.6% of patients in the control group, besides the rods were the only group found in extraoral samples.
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Drug addiction is one of the biggest public health problems worldwide, not only by the dimensions of the problem, but also by the severity of the damage, creating favorable conditions for opportunistic microorganisms such as class Mollicutes. This study aims to evaluate the presence of the main species and genera of this group in the subgingival biofilm of drug addiction patients, comparing them with non-dependent subjects. For this purpose, data on systemic health conditions, socioeconomic characteristics, drug addiction from 72 patients with drug addiction kept in rehab clinics and 100 non-dependent patients who formed the control group were obtained. Intra and extraoral clinical examinations were performed and samples of subgingival plaque were collected through sterile absorbent paper cones. The presence of different genera and species of the class Mollicutes was evaluated by PCR using the specific primers and conditions for each microorganism. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for comparisons of three or more variables and the Mann-Whitney test, with significance level of 5%. Out of species and genera evaluated, Mycoplasma salivarium showed correlation with gingival inflammation in both patient groups and was more frequently detected among drug addiction patients
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The relationship between the occurrence of enterococci in the oral microbiota and serious infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) has been established. This study evaluated the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and other species of this genus in the mouths of patients on ICU, correlating it with oral and systemic conditions. Data on health and socioeconomic, medication use, medical and family history of patients maintained for 72 hours in the ICU, diagnosed with severe infection or who have developed this condition after the entry to the unit were obtained. Fifty patients provided intraoral and extraoral clinical samples for analysis (above and subgingival biofilm, saliva and buccal mucosa, followed by obtaining samples of respiratory secretions for patients with pneumonia, and blood and urine for sepsis). The presence of target microorganisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture using selective media. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was 5%. The intraoral clinical conditions of the patients showed poor. E. faecalis was significantly more frequent microorganism, followed by E. faecium. The use of broadspectrum antimicrobial action was associated with the presence of these opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria were more frequent in patients with periodontitis or gingivitis. The results showed that enterococci associated with serious infectious processes may originate from resident microbiota of patients and its prevalence is not elevated in healthy individuals.
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The use of antimicrobial agents has facilitated the dissemination of multi-resistant microorganisms, compromising dental and medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of different opportunistic microbial species in patients who suffered head and neck trauma, under temporary maintenance in nosocomial environment, particularly intensive care units, on the occurrence of such microorganisms in the oral cavity of the patients. It was selected 38 patients subjected to head and neck traumas. After emergency surgical procedures, clinical samples of saliva, sub and supragingival biofilms and mucosal surfaces were collected at two different moments: just after stabilization of the patient and soon after patients’ release from medical units. The presence of opportunistic and superinfecting microorganisms was evaluated by culture on selective and non-selective media, and the presence of the family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as genera Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus was assessed by PCR. It was found that the use of antimicrobials, even for short periods of time was sufficient to facilitate colonization by microorganisms of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, as well as yeasts and enterococci. These results support the concept that medical and dental teams should make a periodically change of antimicrobials used in treatment protocols in hospital for head and neck trauma patients, in order to minimize dissemination of opportunistic or superinfecting microorganisms.
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In recent decades there has been a significant increase in the consumption of legal and illegal drugs, and most of such compounds are able to induce dependence and this increase was observed mainly in females. This drug addiction increases susceptibility to several infectious agents, especially opportunistic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of opportunistic bacteria and yeasts in the mouth of drug addiction patients and non-addicted patients with different periodontal conditions. The study included 50 addiction patients and 200 non-addiction subjects. Intra and extraoral clinical examinations were performed and saliva samples were transferred to saline solution and the presence of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Enterococcus and Pseudomonas, as well fungi of the genus Candida was evaluated by culture. Samples were cultivated onto selective and non-selective media under aerobic conditions, at 37oC, for 24 -48 h. Identification of selected microorganisms were carried out through biochemical tests. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the data when three or more categories were involved. Higher detection frequencies of Candida species, family Enterobacteriaceae, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas sp. and P. aeruginosa in addiction patients were verified. It was found that patients addicted to both genders showed a higher occurrence of members of the Enterobacteriaceae, which were also associated with bone loss only in patients with drug addiction.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Black fungi are able to adapt to extreme environmental conditions, such as: high temperatures, the presence of toxic chemical substances and lack of nutrients. Besides, they are also potential pathogens to humans. The natural environment of many black fungi is still unknown and some studies are being conducted to evaluate the biodiversity of this group and their different habitats. This study aimed to isolate black fungi in domestic environments and facilities, such as toothbrushes, fridge sealing rubbers, bathroom strainers and divisions, windows, wall tiles and bath sponge. For the collection, material surfaces were scratched with a scalpel and the resulting fragments were sewed in Mycosel agar (DifcoTM), supplemented with actidione to inhibit the growth of highly-sporulating fungi. Plates were incubated at 25ºC for three weeks. The 46 isolated fungi were maintained on MA2% slants at 8ºC and cryopreserved at -80ºC. Fungal identification was performed through the analysis of macro and microscopic features and ITS rDNA sequencing. The following black fungi taxa were found: Ascomycota sp., Cladosporium spp., Dothideomycete sp., Exophiala alcalophila, Ochroconis mirabilis and Rhinocladiella atrovirens. Non-melanized fungi were also found, such as Geosmithia sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The temperature tests showed that isolated black fungi were not able to grow at 37°C, however, this temperature proved to be fungistatic to 43% of them. According to literature, all black fungi isolated in this study are opportunistic pathogens and additional studies are necessary to evaluate the risk that these micro-organisms offer to health, once they were isolated from domestic environments
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)