Viabilidade econômica de três miniusinas para produção de biodiesel utilizando como matéria prima o óleo de crambe (Crambe Abyssinica Hochst)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise termodinâmica, termoeconômica e econômica de uma usina sucroalcooleira para diferentes mix de produção

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes de híbridos de sorgo sacarino em condições de safrinha em Selvíria-MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Avaliação de atributos de Latossolo Bruno e de Terra Bruna Estruturada da região de Guarapuava, Paraná, por meio de sua energia refletida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização de biomassa lignocelulósica para uso em processos térmicos de geração de energia

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Projeto de um sistema anaeróbico para estabilização de lodo e recuperação de energia

The treatment of domestic and industrial effluents through Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTPs) generates a residue termed sewage sludge, rich in organic matter, high-volume, occasionally containing pathogens and heavy metals. The sludge generation can minimize the benefits brought by the treatment of sewage, because this residue does not always receive appropriate treatment before final disposal. The disposal is another problem related to sludge. Landfills generally does not have physical space and alternatives such as the use in agriculture requires an intense treatment that could be in many cases operational or economic unfeasible. The objective of this work is the theoretical research about the processes of stabilization of the sludge by anaerobic digestion and the methanogenic activity during the process. Through analysis of each step and contemplating each relevant factor in anaerobic digestion process in order to optimize them, we proposed a theoretical model of reactors capable of stabilize the sludge, reduce its volume and eliminate pathogens. The obtained configuration consists of two anaerobic reactors connected in series. The first one operates in the range mesophilic temperature (35 ° C) and has higher hydraulic retention time (25 days) working primarily in the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and producing biogas, whereas the second one operates in the thermophilic range (55 ° C) in order to eliminate pathogens, and to reduce the volume. The hydraulic retention time in the second reactor is lower (10 days). Both mesophilic and thermophilic processes were efficient in what was proposed, promoting the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and significant reduction of pathogens. As a final step with the sludge previously digested, it is indicated a final dehydration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo sobre fornos de tratamento térmico e propostas de cogeração de energia em usina siderurgica não integrada

Steel industry is a sector heavily dependent on energy, both electrical and thermal. Since the receipt of raw materials to the shipment of finished products to customers, through mergers, casting, rolling, heat treatment, inspection, among others, high amounts of energy are demanded, generating very significant costs to the productive chain in its entirety . Therefore, any alternative that favors the reduction in energy consumption or barateie the cost of this is very welcome. Within this context, this paper aims to make a technical and economic analysis of installing a cogeneration plant in the field rolling in a non-integrated steel mill. Two configurations are proposed plants, with one being the use of heat from waste gases from furnaces existing in the area mentioned and another with the use of heat from waste gases from an internal combustion engine. Both proposals are evaluated technically and later is done the economic analysis, calculating the financial return (pay back) in relation to the investment required, operation and maintenance of the plant

Comparação da eficiência de reatores aeróbios com paralisações escalonadas de aeração em diferentes concentrações de matéria orgânica no tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento de farinha de mandioca

Cassava wastewater, generated during cassava processing, is a highly polluting and toxic waste. This study aimed to assess the relationship of cassava treatment efficiency in two aerobic sequencing batch reactors, cylindrical plastics (31cm height x 9cm diameter), with 2.0 liters capacity and 1.5 liters of work volume, a ratio of diameter and height of the liquid 1:2.5, with a running time of 24 hours and stoppage aeration for 16 hours with average feed of 2,500 and 6,000 mg COD. L -1. COD, pH, SVI and F/M were analyzed. The results obtained in the two reactors showed an average reduction of 94.1% and 76.8% organic content, respectively; pH values showed a rising in the output pH values compared to entry ones; SVI values obtained: 54.1 mL/g, 99.3 mL/g, respectively in a F/M ratio values worked out of 0.4 d-1 and 1,1 d-1 , respectively. The results demonstrated that the process has generated considerable saving in energy consumption compared to traditional continuous systems, was efficient and did not affect the efficiency overly of the reactor.

Estudo da viabilidade de implantação de plantas para conversão de energia térmica do oceano (OTEC) no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Uso da avaliação do ciclo de vida para a determinação na redução de emissões de gases do efeito estufa e do consumo de energia associados a reciclagem de EPS

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

O ensino de estrutura da matéria na disciplina de física: uma análise de estruturas conceituais para a modelagem do currículo

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Termodinâmica do modelo Bouncer: um gás unidimensional simplificado

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE

Análise da viabilidade do uso de biogás gerado a partir de dejetos bovinos em microturbinas para fins de geração, cogeração e trigeração de energia

The use of digesters has become an important alternative for the proper disposal of organic agricultural wastes, serving as a solution to some environmental and health problems. Furthermore, the process of digestion provides commercially valuable by products such as biogas and bio fertilizer. The generation of biogas from agricultural waste, and its use in power generation systems has aroused great interest in rural areas because it enables supply in whole or in large part the energy demand of ownership by reducing production costs. The advent of technology has brought new forms of energy conversion of biogas, as the use of micro turbines specifies to be fuelled with biogas derived from the decomposition of organic matter in digesters, since it has a low level of methane in its composition, and high degree of impurities such as hydrogen sulphide, which are harmful to equipment and reduce the calorific value of biogas. The use of micro turbines behind other advantages like low emissions, great fuel flexibility and low maintenance. This paper presents an analysis of the feasibility of using biogas generated from cattle manure in micro turbines to generate electricity. Behind also an assessment of the energy potential that each animal has on various uses of biogas, and forms of energy recovery from the exhaust gases of the micro turbine. Also conducts an evaluation of the energy savings that the use of biogas aggregates properties.

Viabilidade econômica do uso do biogás proveniente da suinocultura em substituição a fontes externas de energia

The swine culture potentially generates waste with high organic load and pollutants, being responsible for the spread of pathogens, contamination of rivers, groundwater and soils, besides it produces foul odors and emit greenhouse gases. However, the high amount of organic matter, which expresses the amount of pollutant load, reflects the energetic potential of these wastes used as raw material in biogas generation through technology of digesters. The properly use of theses digesters provides the production of clean energy and promotes the conservation of the environment. The economic viability of the implantation of an Indian model digester on a small swine farm was verified based on the value from initial investments of deployment, maintenance costs, depreciation, and on the interest and revenues arising from the system. Besides, the amount of biogas produced daily and the average consumption of biogas by the most common used devices such as refrigerator, stove, water heater, and generator of electricity was calculated.. For a backdrop of 10 years, the results of economic indicators NPV of BRL 57,598.95, IRR of 48.38%, Simple Payback of 2.06 years, and Discounted Payback of 2.3 years, demonstrated a favorable outlook for the use of this technology, with the possibility to generate economic, social and environmental benefits.

Perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho submetidos a sistemas de secagem natural e artificial.

The permanence of the corn grain in the field, after physiological maturity, is an important cause of crop losses, both in quantitative and qualitative aspect. By ceasing the supply of assimilated substances to grains, due to physiological maturity, the synthesis reactions are overcome by breathing, responsible for the maintenance of the living tissues of the grains, which occur at the expense of reserves accumulated during grain formation. In addition, there are losses from fungus and insects attack due to adverse weather conditions. Technological advances in recent decades, the develop of grain dryers with different capacities and efficiencies, has led to the early withdrawal of the product from the field, still damp, reducing spoilage. Moreover, the use of artificial drying systems can represent a significant cost to the producer. Thus, the present work aimed to study the effect of natural and artificial methods of drying on maize dry matter losses, for Botucatu, city of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The cornfield production was conducted at the Experimental Farm “Lageado” and the experimental treatments were conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, in the Department of Rural Engineering, where the drying systems were tested. The treatments were: shade (control), artificial with heated air, artificial unheated air and, drying attached to the plant. The following analyzes for quality monitoring were performed: weight test, thousand-grain weight test and, grain dry weight. The results showed significant loss in quality of drying beans attached to the plant, by assessing the dry matter loss and by the variation of the grain weight. The weight test showed that the worst performance was the artificial with heated air treatment. We used mathematical modeling techniques to describe the dry matter loss and adjusted the mathematical model to the experimental data analyzed. From the experimental data obtained during drying the grain attached to the plant, it was still possible to fit a regression model that estimates the loss of grain dry matter under the climate from Botucatu during the 2011/2012 harvest period.