Exportação de nutrientes pelos frutos de melancia em função de épocas de cultivo, fontes e doses de potássio

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em propriedades rurais, localizadas próxima a cidade de Borborema (SP), de outubro a dezembro/2001 e de fevereiro a abril/2002, com o objetivo de determinar as quantidades exportadas de nutrientes pelos frutos de melancia, em função de fontes e doses de potássio, em duas épocas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados completos, em esquema fatorial 3x4, com três repetições, sendo avaliados as fontes: cloreto, nitrato e sulfato de potássio e as doses: 50; 100; 200 e 300 kg ha-1 de K2O. Com exceção do Mg, as maiores exportações de nutrientes pelos frutos foram obtidas no cultivo de outubro a dezembro. A massa seca e as exportações de N, P, K, e Ca aumentaram de forma quadrática com as doses de potássio. A aplicação KCl aumentou respectivamente, de forma quadrática e linear, as exportações de S e Cl pelos frutos de melancia.

Características de produção de frutos de melancia sem sementes em função de fontes e doses de potássio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio para o feijoeiro em sucessão a gramíneas no sistema plantio direto

O nitrogênio é um nutriente essencial ao feijoeiro. Contudo, ainda há dúvidas sobre qual fonte e dose utilizar para o fornecimento desse nutriente em cobertura à cultura, no sistema plantio direto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de fontes e doses de N, aplicadas em cobertura, na nutrição e produtividade do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado no sistema plantio direto, em um Nitossolo Vermelho. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 2x4, constituído por duas fontes de N (nitrocálcio e uréia) e quatro doses de N (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1) em cobertura. A aplicação de doses elevadas de N, na forma de nitrocálcio, promoveu maior absorção de nitrato, K, Ca e Mg pelo feijoeiro em plantio direto, em comparação com a aplicação de uréia. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, utilizando como fonte o nitrocálcio ou a uréia, proporcionou aumento no teor de N nas folhas, na massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, no número de vagens por planta e na produtividade do feijoeiro no sistema plantio direto, em sucessão a aveia-preta, até a dose estimada de 95 kg ha-1 de uréia.

Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro em função de doses de nitrogênio

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o rendimento e a qualidade de sementes de coentro, cultivar Verdão, em função de doses de nitrogênio. Um experimento de campo foi instalado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), em Areia-PB, no período de abril a novembro de 2001, para avaliar a produção de sementes. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80kg.ha-1) distribuídas em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em quatro repetições. Após as colheitas, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade fisiológica (germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação). O rendimento de sementes aumentou com a elevação das doses de nitrogênio, na ordem de 4,7kg.ha-1 a cada quilograma de nitrogênio adicionado ao solo, sendo o rendimento máximo de sementes (1900kg.ha-1), obtido na dose de 80kg.ha-1. A germinação máxima estimada (82%) foi obtida com a dose de 53kg.ha-1 de nitrogênio, enquanto o índice de velocidade de germinação aumentou com a elevação das doses de nitrogênio, sendo verificado um índice de 5,6 na dose máxima de nitrogênio.

Produtividade da cultura da melancia em função de fontes e doses de potássio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade de frutos de melancia sem sementes em função de fontes e doses de potássio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respostas do milho à adubação com fósforo e zinco

With the objective of evaluating the effects of phosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha(-1) of P(2)O(5)) and zinc (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha(-1) of Zn) fertilization in the maize crop, a field experiment was conducted on a Haplustox soil with 5 mg dm(3) of P and 0.39 mg dm(-3) of Zn (DTPA). From the results, it was observed that the fertilization with P and Zn resulted in significant increments of corn grain yield. The effect of P fertilization was higher than the fertilization with Zn. It was possible to obtain a production of grain up to 6,000 kg ha(-1) with P alone; higher yield than it was achieved only with both P and Zn fertilization. The maximum corn grain yield was associated with P contents in soil about 30 mg dm(-3). Phosphorus did not alter the contents of Zn in the leaves.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e no crescimento inicial da cultura do arroz

The present research had he objective to evaluate rice response to zinc application forms on the nutrition, growth and dry matter production, in vase conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (leaf Zn, incorporated Zn, located Zn, Zn saw seed and witness - whitout zinc), in four repetitions during two cycles of cultivation with 42 days of duration each. Plastic vase of 7L, were filled with Red Distrofic Latosol (Zn = 0.3 mg dm(-3) in DTPA). The application of Zn saw soil in both culture of the rice improved its level in the soil, being distinguished it from located form. In the first cycle, the application of Zn saw leaf promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the rice plants, while in the second cycle leaf application was followed by the saw soil incorporated. The biggest dry matter production occurred with application of leaf saw in the first cycle and saw soil (incorporated and located) in the second rice cultivation.

Tolerância do campim Marandu a doses de manganês

The cultivation of pastures in Brazil is mostly done with the species Brachiaria spp. However, there is little research on nutrition with manganese for this forage. It was aimed to asses the effects of manganese in the development and nutrition of marandu grass. The experimental design used was fully randomized, consisting of five rates of manganese ( 0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm(-3)) and four repetitions. The experimental unit was formed in a vase filled with a Red Latosol dystrophic. There were two cuts, the first after 38 days of transplanting seedling and the second 30 days after the first cut. Was evaluated the content of manganese leaf, the dry mass of the shoot, the number of tillers and the leaf area. The levels of manganese increased its accumulation in the plant, second cut compared to the first cut. The marandu grass showed high tolerance to manganese toxicity, reaching a high leaf content in the shoot without affecting plant growth.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca do milho BRS 1001

The culture of the maize is responsive the fertilization with zinc, however, its efficiency can be affected by the method of aplication. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the effect of the methods of zinc application in the nutritional state and the initial growth of the culture of the maize. The experiment was in a completely randomized design, with five treatments in four repetitions. The experimental unit was composed for a pot (7 L) filled with a distrofic Red Latosol, clayey texture, with four plants of maize. The treatments had been constituted by four ways of zinc application: in the soil incorporated (3 mg Zn dm(-3)), and located (1 mg Zn dm(-3)); foliar (solution of 23 mg Zn L(-1)); e in seed (40 g Zn kg(-1) of seed) and beyond the witness (control). The treatments had been applied during two cultivation of 42 days, except the Zn incorporated in the soil. In the end of each culture, the cut of the plants for the evaluation of the growth variable (leaf height, number, the diameter of stems and dry matter) and the determination of the zinc text was carried through in the soil and the aerial part. The zinc application promoted increment in the height and the production of matter of the maize. The zinc application soil (incorporated and located), foliar and seed had been similar in the initial development of the culture, however, the foliar way promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the plant.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutricão e na produção de massa seca de plantas de trigo

Zinc application methods can affect the nutrition and the initial development of the wheat. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the different ways of Zn application in the soil, on nutrition and on dry matter production. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. The experiment was composed by the following Zn application treatments: control (no zinc application); soil incorporation, furrow located, seeds treatment and leaf pulverization. The experimental unit was composed of a pot filled with 7 L of soil. Morphological traits for each plant were determined on 52 days after emergence by the evaluations of plant height, internodes number, tillers number and aerial part dry matter. Still, the soil and plant chemical analysis was accomplished. The furrow located method provided larger concentrations of the micronutrient available. The zinc application methods did not influence the initial growth of the wheat plants. The zinc concentration in leaves was influenced by the different application methods, being the leaf pulverization the one that was caused the largest zinc accumulation on aerial part dry matter.

Resposta de mudas de goiabeira a aplicação de fósforo

Phosphorus is a nutrient that most limits plant growth because of its importance in nutrition and low concentration in tropical soils. The present study aimed to evaluate the response of guava to application of phosphorus. For this, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, with guava plants (cv. Paluma) from herbaceous plants cultivated in plastic bags (2.8 dm(-3)), filled with Alfissol (P = 2 mg dm(-3)), between November 2007 and April 2008. The treatments consisted of five doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm(-3)) in the form of triple superphosphate (44% P(2)O(5)), arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. After 100 days of transplantation evaluated the phosphorus content in soil, dry weight of shoot and root phosphorus and zinc in the shoot. The highest production of dry weight guava was a dose of 257 g dm(-3) of phosphorus and was associated with P content in soil and leaf 110 mg dm(-3) and 2,3 g kg(-1).

Aplicação de zinco em sementes de sorgo cv. BRS 304: efeitos na nutrição e no crescimento inicial

The effect of zinc applied in seeds oil the nutrition of sorghum is affected by the sources and applied rate. The present work aimed to evaluate zinc application, front two sources, on the nutrition and initial growth of a culture of sorghum cv. BRS 304, cultivated in sand. The treatments consisted of five rites (0, 14.3, 28.6, 57.2 and 114.4 g kg(-1) of seed) and two zinc sources - sulphate (22% Zn) and oxide (50% Zn). At 25 days after sowing, the plants were cut. The aerial and root dry mass was evaluated, and the levels and accumulation of Zn in the plants were determined. The of seeds, in oxide form, provided adequate initial growth of application or 14 g Zn kg(-1) sorglitim cv. BRS 304. The sulphate source promoted greater absorption of Zn for the plants, reaching in its highest dosis, high levels of the nutrient in the aerial part (> 4170 mg kg(-1)) and developing characteristic symptoms of phytoxicity.

Avaliação de doses e produtos corretores da acidez em variáveis biométricas na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro

A utilização de produtos corretores da acidez do solo e a crescente busca por novos insumos agrícolas são de suma importância para uma agricultura sustentável e ecologicamente viável. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no viveiro de mudas do Setor de Fruticultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Estado de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três produtos, quatro doses e três repetições, as doses foram calculadas de modo que se atingisse a saturação estabelecida, de acordo com a concentração de cada produto. As doses foram: zero, metade, completa e o dobro da dose recomendada. A incubação foi realizada para o silício e calcário, e o Lithothamnium, pela liberação rápida, foi apenas incorporado ao solo. As características avaliadas foram: crescimento da parte aérea (mm), tamanho do sistema radicular (mm), número de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea (mg), matéria seca da raiz (mg) e matéria seca total (mg). Os três produtos em questão proporcionaram mudas de qualidade, sendo a dose de 1,4 vezes a recomendada, a melhor para formação de mudas de maracujazeiro.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de selênio, zinco e manganês, criados sob condições de estresse térmico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)