Variabilidade genética e correlações juvenil - adulto de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) no Município de Brasilândia - Mg

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Estrutura e diversidade da família Lauraceae na Mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ecossistemas de referência para restauração de matas ciliares: existem padrões de biodiversidade, estrutura florestal e atributos funcionais?

A utilização de ecossistemas naturais como meta a ser atingida e a seleção de indicadores para monitoramento dos projetos são temas controversos na ciência e na prática da restauração. Analisamos a vegetação ripária em quatro remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, para verificar se alguns atributos dessas comunidades se repetem em diferentes locais, podendo ser referência para esta região fitogeográfica. Instalamos dez parcelas de 100 m² em cada local, amostramos plantas lenhosas com altura ≥ 0,5 m, divididas em estrato regenerante (DAP < 5 cm) e estrato arbóreo (DAP ≥ 5 cm) e classificamos as espécies com base em atributos funcionais, raridade e status de ameaça. Contabilizamos lianas, pteridófitas e árvores com epífitas. As variáveis estruturais de densidade (estrato arbóreo e regenerante e árvores com epífitas), área basal e cobertura de copas não diferiram entre locais. Foram pouco variáveis entre as áreas a riqueza rarefeita para 100 indivíduos no estrato arbóreo, a riqueza total estimada por Jackknife e as proporções de espécies raras, tolerantes à sombra, de crescimento lento e zoocóricas. Porém, analisando-se a proporção de indivíduos na comunidade, somente a tolerância à sombra foi pouco variável. Para as outras variáveis analisadas não existem padrões que possam ser considerados referência para esta região fitogeográfica. No entanto, ainda que para algumas variáveis existam padrões, sua utilização como meta da restauração depende de: 1) prazos longos para monitoramento de projetos e, sobretudo, 2) estudos que demonstrem que os ecossistemas restaurados podem, um dia, igualar aos ecossistemas pré-existentes.

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em progênies de polinização aberta de Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae)

This study has investigated the genetic variation for silvicultural traits in an open-pollinated progeny test of Astronium graveolens Jacq., established at Luiz Antônio Experimental Station (State of São Paulo, Brazil). The trial was planted in a random block experimental design, containing 23 families, six replications and five plants per plot. The traits measured were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and stem form. The assessments were taken at the age of 19 years. Significant differences were not detected by the analysis of variance, suggesting that the genetic variation was low, as well as the probability to raising genetic gains through selection among progenies. The coefficient of genetic variation was moderate for the traits height (8.2%) and DBH (21.2%) and low to stem form (4.0%). However, the average coefficient of heritability among progenies was low for all studied traits (ranging from 0.02 to 0.15), confirming the low probability of genetic improvement of this population by selection among progenies.

Parâmetros genéticos em progênies de polinização aberta de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong em Luiz Antonio, SP, Brasil

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters on a progeny test of Enterolobium contortisiliquum, located at the Fazenda Experimental de Luíz Antônio (IF-SP), São Paulo State, Brazil, for genetic selection and seed production. The coefficients of genetic variation and heritability, as well as the genetic and phenotypic correlations for the silvicultural traits diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of plants at the age of 19, 20, and 21 years and bifurcation (BIF) and stem straightness (RET), at the age of 19 years were estimated. The F test of analysis of variance detected significant variation among the progeny for the traits DBH, height in the three tested ages, and straightness of the trunk, which indicates that the tested population can be improved by selection among progenies. The estimation of heritability at the level of progeny (h²m, minimum of 0.50) for all traits was high and at the levels of individual plants (h²i, minimum 0.18) and within progenies (h²d, minimum of 0.14) was medium, indicating that the population can be improved by selection among and within progenies. Significant high genetic and phenotypic correlations among pairwise growth traits of the same age were detected as well as among those with different ages. Therefore, the direct selection, of a trait allows indirect selection of another. The results showed the potential of this progeny test to enhance a seed orchard by selection and seed production for commercial and environmental reforestation plans.

Adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica na cultura do eucalipto (clone i144 - E. urograndis)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Fontes e modos de aplicação de boro na cultura do eucalipto (clone I144)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Critérios para a amostragem de lianas: comparação e estimativa da abundância e biomassa de lianas no Cerrado

Lianas play a key role in many tropical forests ecosystems, contributing to community abundance, diversity and structure. Techniques to census lianas and estimate biomass have been used mainly in tropical forests. The aim of this study was to verify if different measurement location on the stem and inclusion criteria influence the estimations of liana abundance and biomass in Cerrado. The study was carried out at Itirapina fragment (ca 260 ha) located in Sao Paulo, Southeast Brazil. We measured all apparent ramets of rooted lianas by using different inclusion criteria: >= 0.5 cm in diameter at 30 cm basal area (D_30), and at 130 cm diameter breast height (DBH), in 36 transects (10 x 25 m). We compared the biomass using the allometric equation based on data from tropical florest take at 130 cm (DBH) and other The allometric biomass equation development to estimate the aboveground biomass of live lianas in tropical forests (DAP = 130 cm) was used. We tested the liana biomass, based on measurements taken at (D_30) using two different conversion equations. The results did not show significant differences in liana abundance and above ground biomass estimated applying the different criteria of inclusion However the biomass estimated from data collected at D_30 and converted into DAP showed a tendency to increase in biomass. Our findings suggest that the protocol used to the census of liana and the allometric biomass equation proposed to forests can be applied in the Cerrado.

Perceptions of environmental change and use of traditional knowledge to plan riparian forest restoration with relocated communities in Alcantara, Eastern Amazon

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variação, herdabilidade e ganhos genéticos em progênies de Eucalyptus tereticornis aos 25 anos de idade em Batatais-SP

The wood of Eucalyptus tereticornis is intensively used for timber, structures, buildings, poles, posts and coal. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic and phenotypic correlations in growth and stem form traits of 52 open-pollinated progenies of E. tereticornis sampled from three Australian populations (20 progenies from Helenvale, 19 from Ravenshoe and 13 from Mt. Garnet). The progenies were compared with three commercial control also from Australian. The experimental design used was the compact family block, with the effect of provenance allocated in the plots and progenies within provenances in the subplots. Ten repetitions of the 52 treatments, sub-plots with six plants and the spacing of 3 x 2 m was used. At 25 years of age it was measured the diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, true volume and the stem form. We found genetic variation amon and within the three provenances and the possibility of obtaining high gains from mass selection and individual among and within progenies. The provenance Helenvale showed the best development for DBH, height and volume. The traits DBH, height and volume showed high genetic correlations (> 0.9), indicating the possibility to use the indirect selection. The coefficient of heritability on a progeny mean for the traits DBH and height was median, being 0.31 and 0.30, respectively. The expected genetic gain with the selection were estimated at 12.4% for DBH and 8.5 % for plant height. These results will subsidize the transformation of the provenance and progeny test in a seedling seed orchard and a clonal seed orchard.

Caracterização da vegetação secundária do bioma mata atlântica com base em sua posição na paisagem

This study characterized the Atlantic Forest vegetation and compared the structure of the native tree community occurring along a toposequence at watershed D of the Serra do Mar State Park, municipality of Cunha, SP - Brazil. The study was conducted in 64 plots, of 10 x 10 m, distributed in sites downstream (T1), intermediate (T2) and upstream (T3) of the toposequence, recording all individuals with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) >= 0.5 cm. Altogether 1.093 individuals were sampled, and 89 species were identified, belonging to 61 genders and 31 families. At T1 site there was a greater abundance and density of individuals; T2 had the highest diversity index and basal area; while in T3 it was observed highest species richness and greater percentage of rare species. The specie Cyathea delgadii in the lower third of toposequence, and the Alchornea triplinervea in the intermediate and upper third were the most important. The sites downstream and upstream of the toposequence showed the largest differences in structure. In the middle portion of the watershed and there was a greater difference between the similarity between species.

Qualidade da madeira e da celulose de clones de Eucalyptus spp. de diferentes densidades

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para seleção precoce de clones de Eucalyptus para região com ocorrência de geadas

Further to increase the wood yield, is important goal of forest tree breeding the adaptation of clones through diverse environment, especially for soil and climate. Perennial tree species such as eucalypts, have a long life cycle and the frosts can occur and to be their limiting source of cultivation. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic variability and the genetic correlations between selection ages of clones cultivated in the municipality of Palma So la, SC, Brazil, where frosts are common in the winter. A clonal trial was set up in 2008 in Palma So la, by statistical design of randomized complete blocks considering 29 clones, six replications, six plants per plot, and 3.0m x 3.0 m spacing. The silvicultural characters of total plant height, diameter of breast height (dbh), and wood volume were evaluated through 24, 36, 48, and 60 months old. The deviance analysis and estimates of genetic parameters were based on the REML / BLUP genetic statistical procedure. Significant differences were observed for all traits in the deviance analysis. High correlations and statistically significant between characters were observed, indicating that the early selection will provide significant gains. Part of the clones USP/IPEF 64, USP/IPEF 78, USP/IPEF 52, USP/IPEF 68, and USP/IPEF 74) are potential to be used into the breeding programs and in commercial stands into the studied frost regions.

Transpiração e eficiência de uso da água em plantios puros e mistos de eucalyptus grandis e acacia mangium

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Seleção de espécies e procedências de Pinus sp para a região de Assis, Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS