Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity on the yield of grafted and ungrafted cucumber plants

The first experiment was carried out under green house and involved nine treatments: ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber, ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash’ ungrafted plants and ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber plants grafted onto ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash (lower, mid and upper region of the recommended and non-recommended rootstock, respectively). After grafting, plant tissue samples were collected 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 days after grafting for analysis of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) activity. In the second experiment, yield and number of marketable fruits were evaluated. The differences in peroxidase activity at the rootstock region and in polyphenol activity at the region between the scion and the rootstock seem to be determining factors for a successful grafting process, increasing the yield and the number of marketable fruits.

Allelopathic potential of Equisetum giganteum L. and Nephrolepis exaltata L. on germination and growth of cucumber and lettuce

Nephrolepis exaltata L. Schott "Bostoniensis" family Davalliaceae and Equisetum giganteum L. family Equisetaceae, Phylum Pteridophyta, exhibit a strong mechanism of dominance in the areas in which they live. Have secondary compounds with allelopathic activity. The objective of this article was evaluate allelopathic potential of two ferns species, using bioassay applying aqueous extracts of dried fronds, in cucumber and lettuce seeds, and observing germination and initial development. To observe the influence on germination was analyze the percentage of germinated seeds and germination speed index (GSI). To observe initial development was analyzed shoot and root growth of the seedlings. The bioassays revealed that no concentration significantly inhibited the germination, but germination speed was delayed gradually in two species tested, as increased the extract concentration. In initial development, all the extracts showed a tendency to inhibit the growth, and an increase in extract concentration decreasing growth of radicle and hypocotyl axis. We conclude that the aqueous extract has inhibitory activity more pronounced in early development than in seed germination, affecting the primary structures of the tested plants, corroborating with the observations of occurrences of the species in natural places where dominate and suppress the growth of other species.

Biological control of root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and growth promotion in hydroponic cucumber with microorganisms from mangrove

The prospection of biological control agents in similar environments to the microbe application improves the chances of microorganisms establishment added to the environment. The low survival of these beneficial microorganisms added to hydroponic environment is a problem for the growth promotion and root rot biological control success in hydroponic crops. Because of the environmental similarity between hydroponic systems and mangrove ecosystems, the aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of mangrove microbes to control root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and to improve plant growth in hydroponic cucumbers. Among the 28 strains evaluated for disease control in small-hydroponic system using cucumber seedlings, Gordonia rubripertincta SO-3B-2 alone or in combination with Pseudomonas stutzeri (MB-P3A- 49, MB-P3-C68 and SO-3L-3), and Bacillus cereus AVIC-3-6 increased the seedlings survival and were subsequently evaluated in hydroponic cucumbers in a greenhouse. Bacillus cereus AVIC-3-6 protected the plants from stunting caused by the pathogen and Gordonia rubripertincta SO-3B-2 and Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-P3A-49 increased the plant growth. We concluded that microorganisms from mangroves are useful as biocontrol agents and for improving plant growth in hydroponic crops.

Allelopathic plants. 7. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Sunflower is an annual dicotyledonous plant, herbaceous, erect and native of North America. It is thermo- and photo-insensitive, hence, can be grown round the year in sub-tropical and tropical countries. Only two spp. H. annuus and H. tuberosum are cultivated for food, remaining spp. are ornamentals, weeds and wild plants. However, H. annuus is allelopathic and inhibit the growth and development of other plants thus reducing their productivity. Much information is available about the allelopathic effects of sunflower crop on following crops in crop rotations. Although it is harmful to all crops, but, is less harmful to crops of Graminae family than other families. It seems that the harmful effects of sunflower in crop rotations are due to release and accumulation of root exudates during crop growth in soil. Soil incorporation of its fresh (green manure) or dry biomass in soil is inhibitory to both crops and weed spp. Several allelochemicals have been characterized from the H. annuus, which inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of A. albus, A. viridis, Agropyron repens (Elymus repens), Ambrosia artemsiifolia, Avena fatua, Celosia crustata, Chenopodium album, Chloris barbara, Cynodon dactylon, D. sanguinalis, Dactyloctenium ageyptium, Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa crus-galli, Flaveria australasica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Portulaca oleracea, Sida spinosa, Trianthema portulacastrum, Veronica perisca the inhibitory effects of this crop may be used for weed management with less herbicides for sustainable agriculture.

Consórcios de alface crespa e pepino em função da população do pepino e época de cultivo

With the aim of evaluating the yields of cucumber and lettuce for two cucumber population densities. inter-cropped with lettuce Under protected environment, and for two growing seasons, one from August to November 2005 and the other from February to May 2006. four experiments were conducted at UNESP Jaboticabal, SP Brazil The experimental design in each case was of randomized complete blocks with the treatments arranged in 2x4+1 factorial scheme and with four replications, where the first factor was given by two cropping systems (intercropping and individual crop), the second one for four transplanting dates for lettuce in relation to cucumber (0, 10, 20 and 30 days), and an additional treatment of the sole cucumber crop Total yield. commercial and misshapen cucumber fruits were not affected by the presence of lettuce. The growing season influenced the commercial yield of cucumber which is greater from February to May. The yield of lettuce was affected by the date of transplantation (establishment of the inter-cropping), with further reduction as the transplantation of lettuce was delayed in relation to that of cucumber Lettuce grown in intercropping with cucumber in the second growing season did not have commercial quality, due to the deep shade provided by the cucumber

Análise econômica da alface americana em monocultura e consorciada com pepino japonês em ambiente protegido

The experiment was carried in green house at Unesp, Jaboticabal-SP, in the period of August and November, with objective to evaluate the production cost and crisphead lettuce "Lucy Brown" profitability in monoculture and in intercropping with Japanese cucumber "Hokushin" in protected environment. The production cost determination was performed on total operational cost (COT) basis. The crisphead lettuce in monoculture estimated COT and in intercropping was R$ 657,57 and R$ 159,95/614,4 m(2) respectively. The productivities of 623 and 730 kg/614,4 m(2) in the experiments had provided gross incomes of 286,58 R$ and 335,80/614,4 m(2). It was verified a loss of R$ 370,99/614,4 m(2) in the crisphead lettuce monoculture and an operational profit of R$ 175,85/614,4 m(2), in protected environment when in intercropping with cucumber.

Adubação e inseticidas no controle de Empoasca kraemeri e Bemisia tabaci, em cultivares de feijoeiro semeados no inverno

Vários fatores influenciam a produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro, dentre estes podem ser citados as pragas, merecendo destaque, a cigarrinha verde, Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) e principalmente a mosca branca, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), que prejudica o feijoeiro pela transmissão do vírus do mosaico dourado. Este trabalho avalia o efeito de cultivares de feijoeiro, adubação e inseticidas nas populações de E. kraemeri e B. tabaci na época de semeadura de inverno. Os genótipos utilizados foram IAPAR MD-806, IAPAR MD-808, IAC-Carioca e Bolinha. Avaliaram-se, dos 7 aos 56 dias após emergência das plantas, o número de ninfas e adultos de cigarrinha verde e mosca branca, percentual de ataque de cigarrinha e número de plantas com sintomas de mosaico dourado. Na colheita, foram avaliados o número e peso de vagens por planta, o número de grãos por planta e peso de grãos (kg ha-1). Os danos de cigarrinha verde e os sintomas de mosaico dourado foram menos intensos em IAPAR MD-806 e IAPAR MD-808 em relação ao Bolinha e IAC-Carioca. A adubação não influenciou o número médio de adultos de cigarrinha verde nos genótipos de feijoeiro. As aplicações de inseticidas e adubo proporcionaram menores números médios de adultos de mosca branca nos genótipos de feijoeiro quando avaliados em conjunto aos 56 dias após emergência das plantas.

Efeito do uso de óleos vegetais, associados ou não a inseticida, no controle de bemisia tabaci (gennadius, 1889) e thrips tabaci (lindeman, 1888), em feijoeiro, na época das águas

The objective of this experiments was evaluate the control of Bemisia tabaci and Thrips tabaci, through the use of plant oils associated or not to insecticide in bean plants, besides verifying the consequences on yield. The experiment was carried out in the period of rainy seasons, by utilizing Carioca variety. The statistical design was the randomized blocks, by employing a 6x2 factorial scheme ( plant oil versus insecticide), totalizing 12 treatments and four replications. It was concluded thet application of plant oils without insecticide can be utilized on the control of the B. tabaci biotipo B, since their population and the symptoms of golden mosaic was similar to the treatment plant oils plus insecticide; among the plant oils Agrex (R) plant oil promoted a higher control of white fly. For T. tabaci the application of plant oil associated to insecticide provide with a smaller population index when compared to the treatments without this association. The yield was not affected by the population of B. tabaci biotipo B and T. tabaci when plant oils were utilized, associated or not to the insecticide.

Caracterização da transmissão do vírus do mosaico-das-nervuras do algodoeiro pelo pulgão Aphis gossyphii com relação à persistência e ao tempo necessário para inoculação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biologia de aphis gossypii em plantas infectadas pelo vírus do mosaico das nervuras do algodoeiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da época de inoculação do vírus do mosaico das nervuras por Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) no desenvolvimento e na produção do algodoeiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência de ninfas e adultos de Aphis gossypii Glov. na transmissão do vírus do mosaico das nervuras do algodoeiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de transmissão do vírus do mosaico das nervuras, por ninfas e adultos de Aphis gossypii Glov., em duas cultivares de algodoeiro e registrar a evolução dos sintomas da doença. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP, em Jaboticabal (SP). Ninfas e adultos ápteros criados em plantas infectadas da cultivar CNPTA ITA 90 foram transferidos para as plantas de algodoeiro das cultivares Coodetec 402 e CNPA ITA 90, com dois pares de folhas verdadeiras, onde permaneceram por 96 e 48 horas respectivamente. Para verificar a evolução da doença nas plantas, os sintomas foram avaliados até 60 dias após o confinamento dos afídeos, baseando-se numa escala de notas visuais. Os sintomas da doença foram inicialmente observados 25 dias após a inoculação pelos afídeos e se intensificaram com o desenvolvimento das plantas. A transmissão do vírus foi realizada mais eficientemente pelos adultos ápteros, do que pelas ninfas.

Testes de vigor para avaliação de sementes de pepino

Dentro de um programa de controle de qualidade, a avaliação do vigor de sementes é fundamental e necessária para o sucesso da produção. O trabalho teve por objetivo comparar diferentes métodos para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pepino. Para tanto, cinco lotes de sementes do híbrido Safira foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica (4x50 sementes; 25ºC; 50 e 75mL; 12, 18 e 24h), germinação a baixa temperatura (4x50 sementes; 18ºC; contagens aos quatro e oito dias após a semeadura); envelhecimento acelerado tradicional (41ºC; 48, 72 e 96h) e com solução saturada de NaCl (41ºC; 72 e 96h). Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os testes de condutividade elétrica (50 e 75mL; 12, 18 e 24h) e de envelhecimento acelerado com o uso de solução salina (41ºC, por 72h), possibilitam a melhor identificação de lotes com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica.

Viabilidade econômica do cultivo da alface crespa em monocultura e em consórcio com pepino

The protected culture, among other advantages, made possible to diminish the seasoning in offers and to improve the quality of vegetables. However, one consists in technology of high cost, that it may be attenuated with the increase in the efficiency of the use of the protected area, proportionated for the intercropping. The experiment was carried out at greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, in the period of August and November of 2005, with the aim of evaluating the operational cost (COT) and the profitability of the crisphead lettuce "Veronica" (Lactuca sativa L.) in monoculture and in intercropping with the Japanese cucumber "Hokushin" (Cucumis sativus L.), in protected environment. The main cost items analyzed were the operational cost, the agricultural amendments and the materials cost. For the crisphead lettuce in monoculture and in intercropping, the COT was R$ 696,37 and R$ 295,06/614,4 m(2) respectively and the productivity was 822.53 and 890.78 kg/614,4 m(2). In monoculture and in intercropping the gross incomes were R$ 489,93 and R$ 452,39/614,4 m(2) respectively. It was verified a loss of R$ 206,44/614,4 m(2) in the crisphead lettuce monoculture and an operational profit of R$ 157,33/614,4 m(2) in protected environment when in intercropping with cucumber.

Suscetibilidade de genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de diversos genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado (VMDF), transmitido pela mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci). A semeadura foi realizada na época da seca e das águas, com e sem aplicação do inseticida granulado Aldicarb (3,0 kg ha-1 do i.a.) no sulco de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 14x2, representado por genótipos e inseticida, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. A maior infestação de mosca-branca e incidência do vírus ocorreu na época da seca, causando prejuízos à produção do feijoeiro. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes graus de suscetibilidade ao vírus e ao inseto vetor. Os genótipos mais tolerantes foram IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé e 606 (5)(214-17). A aplicação do inseticida sistêmico controla o vetor em ambas as épocas de cultivo, proporcionando aumentos da produtividade.