Toxicity effect of the acaricide fipronil in semi-engorged females of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): Preliminary determination of the minimum lethal concentration and LC50

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Effect of soccer training on the running speed and the blood lactate concentration at the lactate minimum test

Tegtbur et al. [23] devised a new method able to estimate the intensity at maximal lactate steady state termed lactate minimum test. According to Billat et al. [7], no studies have yet been published on the affect of training on highest blood lactate concentration that can be maintained over time without continual blood lactate accumulation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the effect of soccer training on the running speed and the blood lactate concentration (BLC) at the lactate minimum test (Lac(min)). Thirteen Brazilian male professional soccer players, all members of the same team playing at National level, volunteered for this study. Measurements were carried out before (pre) and after (post) eight weeks of soccer training. The Lac(min) test was adapted to the procedures reported by Tegtbur et al. [23]. The running speed at the Lac(min) test was taken when the gradient of the line was zero. Differences in running speed and blood lactate concentration at the Lac(min) test before (pre) and after (post) the training program were evaluated by Student's paired t-test. The training program increased the running speed at the Lac(min) test (14.94 +/- 0.21 vs. 15.44 +/- 0.42* km(.)h(-1)) and the blood lactate concentration (5.11 +/- 2.31 vs. 6.93 +/- 1.33* mmol(.)L(-1)). The enhance in the blood lactate concentration may be explained by an increase in the lactate/H+ transport capacity of human skeletal muscle verified by other authors.

The Xmnl polymorphic site 5 ' to the gene G gamma in a Brazilian patient with sickle cell anaemia - fetal haemoglobin concentration, haematology and clinical features

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of pectinolitic enzymes on the physical properties of caja-manga (Spondias cytherea Sonn.) pulp

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rheological and thermophysical properties of blackberry juice

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Osmotic dehydration of apples in sugar/salt solutions: Concentration profiles and effective diffusion coefficients

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de métodos combinados para obtenção de mamão formosa (carica papaya) seco

COMBINED METHODS TO OBTAIN DRIED PAPAYA of FORMOSA CULTIVAR (Carica papaya) The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of blanching in hot water, osmotic dehydration in sucrose solution and pectin coating on color and water activity of papaya slices after convective drying. on the first experiments, the influence of concentration and time of dehydration on color changes and water activity of fresh and blanched papaya slices was evaluated based on a factorial design. It was not verified significant color changes at the studied ranges. An expression for the water activity of osmotically dehydrated blanched samples was found. Then, the influences of blanching, osmotic dehydration, edible coating and combinations among these pre-treatments on color and water activity were evaluated after convective drying of papaya slices. Blanching was not an advantageous pre-treatment to maintain color and reduce water activity of dried fruits. Osmotically dehydrated fresh samples with or without coating presented the best results.

Influence of Fluid Concentration on the Elevation of Boiling Point of Blackberry Juice

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effective diffusion coefficients behavior in osmotic dehydration of apple slices considering shrinking and local concentration dependence

The mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of apple slices immersed in 40, 50 and 60% (w/w) aqueous sucrose solutions was investigated to evaluate the influence of solution concentration on diffusivities. In the mathematical model, the diffusion coefficients were functions of the local water and sucrose concentration. The mass transfer equations were, simultaneously, solved for water and sucrose using an implicit numerical method. Material coordinates following the shrinkage of the solid were used. The predicted concentration profiles were integrated and compared to experimental data, showing a reasonable agreement with the measured data. on average, the effective diffusion coefficients for water and sucrose decreased as the osmotic solution concentration increased; that is the behavior of the binary coefficients in water-sucrose solutions. However, the diffusivities expressed as a function of the local concentration in the slices varied between the treatments. Water diffusion coefficients showed a remarkable variation throughout the slice and unusual behavior, which was associated to the cellular structure changes observed in tissue immersed in osmotic solutions. Cell structure changes occurred in different ways: moderate plasmolysis at 40%, accentuated plasmolysis at 50% and generalized damage of the cells at 60%. Intact vacuoles were observed after a long time of exposure (30 h) to 40 and 50% solutions. Effects of the concentration on tissue changes make it difficult to generalize the behavior of diffusion coefficients.

DODAB and DODAC bilayer-like aggregates in the micromolar surfactant concentration domain

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spontaneous vesicles of sodium dihexadecylphosphate in HEPES buffer

The formation of spontaneous vesicles of dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) in a HEPES buffered solution at pH 7.4, the size, morphology and melting temperature, obtained by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), are reported. The vesicles were formed by simply mixing a 5.0 mM lipid-solvent mixture at a temperature (75 degrees C) safely above the higher melting temperature T-m = 70.4 degrees C of DHP. The vesicle diameter ranges from 100 to 332 nm and their geometry is spherical, faceted or oblong. T-m increases from 66.8 to 70.4 as DHP concentration is raised from 0.6 to 5.0 mM. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Protein-Ion Binding Process on Finite Macromolecular Concentration. A Poisson-Boltzmann and Monte Carlo Study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel Concentration on the Bond Strength of Dental Substrates and Resin Composite

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of bleaching gel containing 10%, 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) on the bond strength of dental enamel or dentin and resin composite restorations.Methods: The buccal surfaces of 12 bovine tooth crowns were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid, and the adhesive resin Single Bond 2 and the resin composite Filtek Z350 were used to perform the restorations. The blocks were sectioned to obtain bar specimens. Each specimen group (enamel-E, dentin-D) was divided into four subgroups (n=15): S-artificial saliva; 10-10% CP bleaching; 15-15% CP bleaching; 20-20% CP bleaching. CP was applied for six hours daily for two weeks. The specimens were submitted to the a test in a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test and a correlation analysis (r) was performed.Results: For Group E, the mean value (+/- standard-deviation) was 21.86 (+/- 6.03)a, 18.91 (+/- 8.31)ab, 15.43 (+/- 7.44)b and 10.6 (+/- 4.94)c for ES, E10, E15 and E20, respectively. For Group D, the alpha values were 34.73 (+/- 4.68)a, 35.12 (+/- 13.43)a, 29.67 (+/- 6.84)ab and 24.56 (+/- 6.54)b for DS, D10, D15 and D20, respectively. A negative correlation between the CP concentration and mean values was observed for both the enamel (r=-0.95) and dentin (r=-0.85) groups.Conclusion: In the current study, the bond strength of the restoration to enamel and the restoration to dentin were influenced by the application of CP and was dependent on the CP concentration in the bleaching gel.

Modeling of organic light-emitting diodes with graded concentration in the emissive multilayer

We model the electrical behavior of organic light-emitting diodes whose emissive multilayer is formed by blends of an electron transporting material, tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) and a hole transporting material, N,N-'-diphenyl-N,N-'-bis(1,1(')-biphenyl)-4,4-diamine. The multilayer is composed of layers of different concentration. The Alq(3) concentration gradually decreases from the cathode to the anode. We demonstrate that these graded devices have higher efficiency and operate at lower applied voltages than devices whose emissive layer is made of nominally homogeneous blends. Our results show an important advantage of graded devices, namely, the low values of the recombination rate distribution near the cathode and the anode, so that electrode quenching is expected to be significantly suppressed in these devices. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Characterization of micro-bubble size distribution and flow configuration in DAF contact zone by a non-intrusive image analysis system and tracer tests

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