Substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela farinha de carne e ossos em dietas para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Substituição de importações e as origens da indústria petrolífera no Brasil

The aim of this article is to introduce the context when was created the Brazilian oil industry during the period known as “process of substitution of importation”, under influence of the 1930´s Liberal Revolution. The absence of national private capital, ally to disinterest of multinationals oil companies for developing this sector, particularly during the 1930´s, forced Brazilian State to structuralize a system to regulate and to stimulate oil production from a new entity: the National Oil Council, which takes for itself the task to building the Brazilian oil industry during the period 1938-1953.

Efeitos da adição de piper cubeba na dieta de frangos de corte em substituição ao antibiótico melhorador de desempenho

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Substituição isomórfica de íons gálio em zeólitas de estrutura mfi para modificação da acidez do catalisador e controle da desativação na desidratação do glicerol

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental da substituição de um banco de resistências elétricas de aquecedores por uma caldeira alimentada por biomassa de paletes residuais na indústria de laminação

Given the increasing demand for fossil fuels to power the engines of the global economy, and also the slow process of synthesis of oil, it becomes necessary to develop new sources of renewable energy in addition to improve promising sources that already exist, turning them competitive. Based on this, biomass is shown very promising between the most popular energy sources due to its availability, applicability, and above all, the fact of not emitting green house gases when analyzing the whole carbon cycle. In this sense, this work presents, through an environmental, technical and economic analysis, the impact in an aluminum mill of replacing the use of electricity, in one process, by a boiler fueled with biomass from waste process of packaging the finished product with pallets. Thus, besides the reduction of CO2 emissions, financial gains are targeted, since the main goal of the corporations that require such power is to maximize its profits

Durabilidade da argamassa mista de revestimento interno contendo dregs-grits em substituição à areia

This paper concerns about the durability of new material in construction. It is noteworthy the fact that increases increasingly searching for alternative materials that do not depend only of natural resources and at the same time be an alternative for reuse of industrial waste. Since the construction materials have a long life and a high cost of civil works and maintenance, it is crucial to estimate the behavior of a new product. Thus , this work discuss the durability of mixed mortar lining , made with waste from the process Kraft pulp production , known as dregs and grits , in partial replacement of sand. Tests were conducted to simulate conditions as adverse environments of constant heat and fire, with the aim of analyzing the behavior of mortar mixed matched the behavior of standard mortar

Análise energética da aplicação de torta de filtro na substituição parcial da adubação inorgânica sintética da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Parâmetros ruminais e produtivos de cabras alimentadas com raspa de mandioca em substituição ao milho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do tratamento térmico na obtenção da fase 2223 em amostras de BSCCO com e sem substituição

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Substituição do milho pela glicerina em suplementos múltiplos para novilhos Nelore em pastejo

The objective was to evaluate the performance and production costs of Nellore steers growing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the dry season receiving mineral supplements with partial replacement of corn by residual glycerin. 40 Nellore steers with initial body weight of 203.12 +/- 20.10 kg and average initial age of 12 months, distributed into eight paddocks of 1.6 ha each, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates and eight supplements. Supplements with levels of partial replacement of corn by glycerin were evaluated: 0% (G0), 10% (G10), 20% (G20), 30% (G30), 40% (G40), 50% (G50) and 60% (G60) provided on the amount of 1 kg/animal/day in the natural matter, and a mineral supplement (MS). The average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.05) in animals receiving supplements G30 (0.609 kg), G40 (0.588 kg) and G60 (0.611 kg) in relation to supplements G0 (0.546 kg), G10 (0.509 kg), G50 (0.561 kg) and MS (0.223 kg). There were differences (P <0.10) in ADG in supplemented animals when compared to MS. The supplemented animals showed higher ADG (P<0.05) compared to MS. The different levels provided positive financial return. It is concluded that the supply of multiple supplements replacing the corn by glycerol in production systems of steers in the dry period provides higher productive performance levels of 30, 40 and 60% and positive financial return to levels of 60% of replacement, demonstrating thus, its potential use for intensive systems of beef production on pasture.

A substituição do meio TCM pelo meio BARC, suplementado com SFB, BSA ou PVA, para maturação de oócitos bovinos in vitro, não incrementa a subsequente produção de blastocistos

This study was carried out to assess the influence of bovine embryo culture medium Beltsville Agriculture Research Center (BARC), supplemented with FCS, BSA or PVA, on the in vitro oocyte maturation, evidenced by cleavage rate and blastocysts production at different developmental stages. Three experiments were performed, as follows: exp.1: addition of FCS to BARC medium at concentrations of 0, 5 and 10%; exp. 2: addition of BSA to BARC medium at concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mg/ml; exp. 3: addition of PVA to BARC medium at concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml. TCM 199 supplemented with bicarbonate, pyruvate, gentamicin sulfate, FSH, LH and FCS was used as control group. Oocytes obtained from cow ovaries at slaughterhouse were selected in PBS, and then matured in BARC medium supplemented with FSH, LH and gentamicin sulfate, according to the experimental design. Percoll gradient was used for sperm selection and TALP medium for IVF. In vitro embryo culture was in SOF-m medium; a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2, in air, at 38.7oC was used for all steps. The number of oocytes reaching blastocyst, expanded blastocyst, and hatched blastocyt stages was recorded, respectively at 72 and 168 h post-insemination. ANOVA and Bonferroni t test were used to determine differences among groups. Differences of P<0.05 were taken as significant. Higher percentage (P<0.05) of cleaved oocytes was observed in group TCM + FCS than for the other groups matured in BARC supplemented with FCS or BSA, regardless the concentration used. However, the cleavage rate was similar between groups BARC plus PVA with 1 mg/ml (85.7%) and TCM + FCS (90.8%). Significant difference was found among groups for the production of blastocysts, with the control group yielding a higher number of blastocysts (results ranging from 47.4 to 51.4%, in comparison with groups using BARC + FCS (4.1 to 19.7%), BSA (1.4 to 5.6%) and PVA (5.7 to 10.6%). In conclusion, BARC medium supplemented with different macromolecules did not promote a beneficial effect on in vitro oocyte maturation, resulting in lower rate of cleavage and blastocyst production when compared with TCM + FCS medium.

Turnover do δ¹³C na substituição de dietas com ingredientes de diferentes ciclos fotossintéticos em ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação econômica da substituição do farelo de soja por farelo de algodão em dietas práticas para tilápias do Nilo cultivadas em tanques-rede

Based on fish production performance, this study assessed the feasibility of replacing SBM with CSM in practical diets for cage-raised Nile tilapia during the finishing phase. To accomplish this research, four isoproteic (32% CP) and isoenergetic (2500 Kcal/kg of DE) diets were formulated. Control diet (T1) contained 30 % of SBM and 0% of CSM. The other three diets contained: 20% of SBM and 10% of CSM (T2), 10% of SBM and 20% of CSM (T3) and 0% of SBM and 30% of CSM (T4). Lysine and Methionine deficiency was compensated for with synthetic amino acid (L-lysine and DL- methionine) supplementation. Experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and four repetitions. Data were analyzed with SAS PROC GLM through co-variance analysis, adding initial mean weight as a co-variable, followed by Dunnett test. The system used to calculate the profit part was Partial Budget Analysis in Aquaculture, proposed by Shang (1990). Profit was significantly different at T3 when compared to T1 (control). It was concluded that the addition of 20% of CSM to finishing diets can improve cage-raised Nile tilapia profitability.

Viabilidade econômica do uso do biogás proveniente da suinocultura em substituição a fontes externas de energia

The swine culture potentially generates waste with high organic load and pollutants, being responsible for the spread of pathogens, contamination of rivers, groundwater and soils, besides it produces foul odors and emit greenhouse gases. However, the high amount of organic matter, which expresses the amount of pollutant load, reflects the energetic potential of these wastes used as raw material in biogas generation through technology of digesters. The properly use of theses digesters provides the production of clean energy and promotes the conservation of the environment. The economic viability of the implantation of an Indian model digester on a small swine farm was verified based on the value from initial investments of deployment, maintenance costs, depreciation, and on the interest and revenues arising from the system. Besides, the amount of biogas produced daily and the average consumption of biogas by the most common used devices such as refrigerator, stove, water heater, and generator of electricity was calculated.. For a backdrop of 10 years, the results of economic indicators NPV of BRL 57,598.95, IRR of 48.38%, Simple Payback of 2.06 years, and Discounted Payback of 2.3 years, demonstrated a favorable outlook for the use of this technology, with the possibility to generate economic, social and environmental benefits.

Desenvolvimento ponderal de bubalinos da raça Murrah criados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha no Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Foram analisados os dados de desempenho ponderal de bubalinos Murrah do Sistema de Produção de Leite da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, campus de Botucatu. Os pesos foram corrigidos às diversas idades-padrão e o modelo incluiu os efeitos de sexo (S), mês (M) e ano (A) de nascimento, classe de idade da búfala ao parto (C) e as interações S x M, S x A, S x C e M x A. As médias ajustadas e respectivos erros-padrão estimados para as características estudadas foram: Peso ao Nascer (PN): 37,71 ± 8,25kg; Peso aos 120 dias (P120): 102,08 ± 16,27kg; Peso aos 240 dias (P240): 169,84 ± 22,83kg; Peso aos 365 dias (P365): 250,59 ± 25,12kg; Peso aos 550 dias (P550): 326,13 ± 39,27kg e Peso aos 730 dias (P730): 389,80 ± 31,26kg. O efeito de sexo (S) foi significativo somente para PN e P365, sendo que machos tenderam a nascer mais pesados que fêmeas. O mês de nascimento (M) exerceu efeito sobre o PN, P120 e P730 sendo que animais nascidos em maio foram os mais pesados ao nascer, enquanto os nascidos em janeiro e maio, foram os mais pesados aos 120 e 730 dias, respectivamente. O efeito de ano de foi significativo sobre o PN, P120, P240 e P730. Os filhos de búfalas das classes de idade 1 (3 anos ou menos) e da classe 6 (10,11 e 12 anos) foram os mais leves e mais pesados ao nascer, respectivamente. O fato de a classe de idade da búfala não exercer efeito sobre os P365, P550 e P730 sugere que, em rebanhos comerciais possa ser feita a substituição de búfalas não gestantes por novilhas prenhes, apesar de esta prática reduzir a média de idade do rebanho de cria. Bubalinos da raça Murrah oriundos de rebanhos leiteiros podem ser utilizados para a produção de carne.