Elementos sociais para a compreensão do prestígio científico e de seus riscos

Natural sciences have an enormous status in public opinion. Their achievements, which become known mostly by means of technology, give to them social credibility, unconditional support and positive social expectances. Further, their social images, generated by the success of their products, tend to lead people to develop only favorable ideas about scientists and about how science works, which are even more reinforced in the schools. By another side, the history of science has been allowed us to comprehend the internal and external social relations concerning to science, showing it as a field of disputes, interests and contradictions as many other fields which comprise human relations. Therefore, the objective of this text is to present social elements of the construction and impacts of natural science, aiming at putting in evidence the importance of the social studies of the scientific world for the courses of education of science teachers.

Hemodynamic response in one session of strength exercise with and without electrostimulation in heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Studies have investigated the influence of neuromuscular electrostimulation on the exercise/muscle capacity of patients with heart failure (HF), but the hemodynamic overload has never been investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures in one session of strength exercises with and without neuromuscular electrostimulation (quadriceps) in HF patients and in healthy subjects. Methods: Ten (50% male) HF patients and healthy subjects performed three sets of eight repetitions with and without neuromuscular electrostimulation randomly, with one week between sessions. Throughout, electromyography was performed to guarantee the electrostimulation was effective. The hemodynamic variables were measured at rest, again immediately after the end of each set of exercises, and during the recovery period. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change during each set of exercises among either the HF patients or the controls. Without electrostimulation: among the controls, the HR corresponding to the first (85 ± 13 bpm, p = 0.002), second (84 ± 10 bpm, p < 0.001), third (89 ± 17, p < 0.001) sets and recuperation (83 ± 16 bpm, p = 0.012) were different compared to the resting HR (77 bpm). Moreover, the recuperation was different to the third set (0.018). Among HF patients, the HR corresponding to the first (84 ± 9 bpm, p = 0.041) and third (84 ± 10 bpm, p = 0.036) sets were different compared to the resting HR (80 ± 7 bpm), but this increase of 4 bpm is clinically irrelevant to HF. With electrostimulation: among the controls, the HR corresponding to the third set (84 ± 9 bpm) was different compared to the resting HR (80 ± 7 bmp, p = 0.016). Among HF patients, there were no statistical differences between the sets. The procedure was well tolerated and no subjects reported muscle pain after 24 hours. Conclusions: One session of strength exercises with and without neuromuscular electrostimulation does not promote a hemodynamic overload in HF patients. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 1: 39-46)

Análise dos benefícios do edi para a competitividade logística das organizações

The concept of EDI -Electronic Data Interchange is normally used to determine integration technologies between companies. Logistically, this implies in the integrationbetween enterprises in supply chain, involving the electronic transmission of data and thus reducing human intervention in the process, still favoring organizational performance. This study investigated the main benefits of EDI for organizational competitiveness and its possible impacton improving logistics performance of four companies comprising large national networks. Through multiple case studieswere able to identify common features that the use of EDI can favorer these companies. The results were significant and assume that the use of this tool can add value to logistics, primarily through streamlining processes, inventory optimization, cost reduction and performance improvement potential. Thus, the use of Electronic Data Interchange as a strategic tool for logistics proved, through this study, an efficient alternative for business improvement and good practice, able to leverage competitive advantages not only for individual companies, but also for the entire supply chain.

Propriedade intelectual e as indústrias criativas: cultura digital, regulamentação e as licenças públicas

When we think of a transposition from a traditional culture industry to the new coherence of the creative industries, a number of new parallel discussions arises, encircled by the reconfiguration of the value chain of such industries and, not only, but also due to a change on creation coherence of a product whose most valuable input is creativity. Therefore, as a mechanism through which such creativity is valued, the intellectual property becomes one of the key elements of this debate, mainly in a world where the coherence of distribution transcends the physical copies towards the digitization of content. From this initial debate, the present article seeks to weave the main relations between the theme of creative industries and the intellectual property, describing the adversities of a deficient regulation and its consequences on the creative industries production, indicating the existing alternatives and questioning the balance between two forces: the collective and the individual rights.

Inclusão e cidadania digital no Brasil: a (des) articulação das políticas públicas

The incipient but quickly expansion action on the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in Africa it is now just having different impact on these societies. One of these relates bear on how users are identified with these tools. Just like that we find individuals identify as bloggers, twitter followers or cyber activist. This contribution analyzes the Senegal’s fact where a successful use of social nets and web 2.0 tools experience (at least in repercussion) as social and political involvement while presidential elections in 2012 is tied to come back an identity: Cyber activist. Senegalese circumstance shows us how this identity has a personal and assertiveness dimension as well collective aspects of belonging to a community. One as much as the other, show us personal traits in contrast to previous beliefs, basically because it fuse and confuse virtual and reality. Due to dynamics from expanding technology, this identity is youthful and urban, but not only. This situation creates new dynamics at least in this affected group. For this reason, besides knowing emergence and evolution of this fact, it raises some of the involvement in social and political involvement from groups traditionally “invisible”. Beyond the new social behavior there are new changes in the rules of the game in order to start new social revolution.

Televisão digital terrestre na agenda do MERCOSUL

El escenario de la digitalización de los medios de comunicación, especialmente la televisión terrestre, y una política para el desarrollo de contenidos audiovisuales entraron en la agenda del MERCOSUR. Cambiar de el estándar de TV fue solamente el argumento embrionario para un conjunto de acciones destinadas a dar densidad a las iniciativas conjuntas de Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay en la jóven integración polí- tica y económica del Cono Sur. Así, nos propone- mos la reflexión en torno a las políticas públicas que provocan la implementación de la televisión digital en los países miembros del MERCOSUR intentando delinear los intereses políticos, la reestructuración del mercado regional y el establecimiento de modelos, patrones y sistemas de cooperación entre los países miembros. El análisis nos permite inferir que los gobiernos con matices de de centroizquierda de MERCOSUR optaron por la integración de las políticas públi- cas para fortalecer de la hegemonía del bloque en la innovación tecnológica, el desarrollo de contenido compartido y el fortalecimiento del capitalismo inmaterial.

Introdução à teoria de Poincaré-Bendixson para campos de vetores planares

O Teorema de Poincaré-Bendixson é um resultado muito importante no estudo de Sistemas Dinâmicos, pois ele estabelece para quais tipos de conjunto limite as trajetórias de um campo de vetores em IR2 deve convergir. Neste trabalho vamos abordar a Funç˜ao do primeiro Retorno de Poincaré, além de discutir a estabilidade de Ciclos Limites e provar o Teorema de Poincaré-Bendixson.

Trabalho multiprofissional: necessidades reais e as políticas públicas na atenção da população idosa

Concomitant with the aging process there is an increasing of incidence of chronic diseases. So, it emerges the need for adaptation in the health system that requires new skills of healthcare professionals in order to serve this population. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the aging process and establish preventive measures. These issues are still far from achieving the ideal, however, many government programs and universities have sought to improve themselves and adapt to this change through a plurality of actions and preventive or health promotion intervention which provide a more resolute and humanized care plan through a multidisciplinary approach.