Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae): biologia e polimorfismo de imaturos

Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853) é um cupim de madeira seca exótico no Brasil, pertencente a família Kalotermitidae e que possui uma distribuição geográfica bastante ampla, sendo encontrada somente em ambientes sinantrópicos. Esta espécie de cupim de madeira seca vive dentro de pedaços de madeira onde escava suas galerias por meio da alimentação. Estes insetos se alimentam do próprio ninho onde vivem e sua infestação é percebida pela formação de grânulos fecais sólidos que são expulsos de peças de madeira infestadas. Dessa forma, C. brevis causa grandes danos econômicos em áreas urbanas, infestando peças de mobiliários manufaturados pelo homem e estruturas de madeira como batentes, forros, rodapés, etc. Em uma colônia de cupins de madeira seca existem castas morfofisiologicamente diferentes, as quais realizam tarefas distintas. Entre elas estão as castas ápteras (soldados e falsos operários), e os reprodutores (rei e rainha). A maioria das castas de cupins são cegas e exibem comportamentos característicos que são utilizados na comunicação entre eles, como por exemplo trofalaxia estomodeal e proctodeal, “grooming”, antenação, “butting”, etc. Devido ao reduzido conhecimento da biologia dessa importante praga urbana, o presente trabalho objetivou elucidar as aspectos da biologia e do polimorfismo de imaturos nesta espécie de cupim. Para entender o polimorfismo de larvas e ninfas foi realizado um estudo biométrico em que mensurou-se a largura da cabeça e do pronoto e o comprimento do broto alar e da tíbia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram três ínstares larvais e quatro ínstares ninfas. Adicionalmente, foram iniciadas colônias que foram abrigadas em diferentes volumes (300 cm3 e 150 cm3) e tipos de madeira. Estas colônias incipientes de laboratório foram abertas após seis meses e mostraram uma média de 5 indivíduos por colônia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Alterações hematológicas associadas ao hifema em cães

Hyphema is an intraocular hemorrhage that can result from many ocular and/or systemic disorders. It is an important clinical sign, since it may appear in the initial stages of some diseases or haematological disorders, acting as an initial marker for early diagnosis. The hematologic disturbances that predispose animals to present hyphema are: Thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand Disease, Scott Syndrome, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hyperviscosity Syndrome due to Multiple Myeloma. Each of the differential diagnoses due to hematological changes from the appearance of hyphema in dogs shows clinical relevance and particular ocular signs

Hiperadrenocorticismo hipófise dependente em cães

The spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs, and is caused by an excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. In most cases (85-90%) occur the presence of a pituitary tumor, and for this reason, it is called hyperadrenocorticism pituitary-dependent. In this work, was realized a broad discussion about the different diagnostic methods and the many drugs that are used to treat hyperadrenocorticism pituitary-dependent and its benefits and side effects, leaving it to the veterinarian, along with the owner, choose to use or not each one of them

Aspectos da biologia e fisiologia da alimentação do cupim neotropical Cornitermes cumulans (Isoptera, Termitidae)

Os Isoptera são insetos sociais cujas colônias apresentam diversas castas, as quais têm um rígido sistema de divisão de trabalho que visa otimizar a eficiência da colônia. Estas castas apresentam morfologia específica, que capacita estes indivíduos a desenvolverem determinadas tarefas com eficiência. Os cupins apresentam aparelho bucal mastigador, constituído pelas seguintes peças bucais: labro, mandíbulas, maxilas, lábio, epifaringe e hipofaringe. Sua dieta alimentar é celulósica e bastante variada, sendo que estes insetos podem se alimentar de madeira (em vários estágios de decomposição), gramíneas, plantas herbáceas, serapilheira, fungos, líquens, partes de artrópodes e húmus. O estudo desse tipo de dieta é muito difícil, uma vez que o material já se encontra bastante decomposto antes de ser ingerido pelo animal. Cornitermes cumulans é uma espécie de cupim nativa do Cerrado brasileiro, pertencente à família Termitidae, subfamília Syntermitinae, que constrói ninhos em montículos, ricos em argila, que podem atingir até 4 metros de altura. Na parte interna dos ninhos, pode-se observar galerias grandes e de aspecto arredondado e um centro celulósico de coloração escura, de textura lisa e pouco resistente, onde os cupins armazenam um alimento, que parece ser previamente mastigado e depois regurgitado. Mesmo com a grande ocorrência desta espécie de cupim nas áreas de pastagens, seus verdadeiros hábitos alimentares são ainda pouco conhecidos. As informações disponíveis são contraditórias, uma vez que não está esclarecido a qual grupo funcional C. cumulans pertence e se existe realmente uma alimentação “in situ” desta espécie no campo. Em vista do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral esclarecer o hábito alimentar de C. cumulans e a natureza química do alimento armazenado no ninho para compará-lo com o alimento coletado pelos... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Comunidades componentes de helmintos de anfíbios: análise comparativa entre duas localidades sob ação antrópica no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP

With the degradation of Atlantic Forest over the years, the area that this ecosystem has occupied before decreased and in a lot of cases it was separated in little fragments, each one isolated in a different way depending of the local antropic action. In this context, this study compares the helminth fauna of anurans from two different fragments of Atlantic Forest, one inset in a matrix of eucalyptus (Eucaliptus sp.) reforestation and the other in a matrix of pasture (Brachiaria sp.), verifying if there is any difference between the structure of helminth communities. There were collected 155 anurans in both fragments, being 77 Hypsiboas albopunctatus, 18 Hypsiboas faber, 27 Hypsiboas polytaenius e 33 Dendropsophus minutus. These were weighted and their snout-vent lengths were measured. After the animals were euthanatized and their internal organs and coelomatic cavity were evaluated for helminth infection. There were identified one trematode species (Haematoloechus fuelleborni) and 14 nematode species (Aplectana sp., Cosmocerca parva, Cosmocerca sp1., Cosmocerca sp2., Cosmocercoides sp., Falcaustra mascula, Cosmocercidae larvae, nematode larvae, Physaloptera sp. larvae, Ochoterenella sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, Raillietnema simples, Rhabdias sp. e Schrankiana sp.). The hylids' helminth fauna studied in São Luiz do Paraitinga fragments were relatively rich, being registered 15 helminth species in the captured anurans. The comparison between the fragments did not show differences in relation of the composition and abundance of helminth fauna in spite of the individualities of each environment

Angiografia comparativa, prós e contras entre os métodos: por raios-X, Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Magnética

By the early 20th century, the blood vessels could only be seen by anatomical studies. Shortly after the discovery of X-rays by Conrad Roentgen in 1895, the first experiments with radiographic imaging were performed with blood vessels. In 1905, the first experiment involving catheterization of arterial and venous system in dogs was performed and only in 1914 performed on living human patients. Parallel to these landmarks, there were advances in diagnostic imaging devices and the evolution of contrast substances was of utmost importance to the current angiography occupy a prominent role not only in terms of diagnosis, but also in the treatment of various disorders. The main objective of this review is to weave historical considerations and comparisons between the different methodologies used in angiography, because its importance; that may be in future, a veterinary diagnostic decisive test

Acupuntura veterinária em pequenos animais

Acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of treatment, which is based in the grounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Despite the ancient history, it’s not completely widespread in Brazil, neither so comprehensive in veterinary medicine as used in humans. The technique of inserting needles into acupuncture points, can also be stimulated by heat, electrical stimulation or implants of metal, is mainly focused on neuromuscular disorders in small animals. The difficulty of comprehension of language and the lack of cientific bases restricted the possible applications of acupuncture. This work will address some of the clinical situations this complementary treatment can act, such as neurological, cardiorespiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, immunological, and postoperative intensive care

Acupuntura na abordagem da Síndrome da Cauda Equina em pequenos animais Trabalho

Nowadays, in any area that acts within the veterinary medicine, we talk a lot of specialists. Specialists in neurology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, finally, more specialized in a subject, better is the veterinarian. However, on one hand to deepen the knowledge helped in the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments, secondly, a bit lost sight of the patient as a whole. Traditional Chinese medicine, one of whose branches is acupuncture, is aimed at exactly this approach to be fully alive, where all body is interconnected and the disease is not seen as the imbalance of one system, but, as the imbalance between our being and the environment external. Acupuncture is an alternative in the treatment of many diseases, among them Cauda Equina Syndrome, and consists of stimulating specific points on the body surface, which help the body return to its natural harmony. A Cauda Equina Syndrome is a frame subsequent to a neuromuscular spinal cord at the level of the spinal canal of the lower lumbar spine and sacral, whose treatment is almost always surgical. This study aims to show the relevance of acupuncture treatment in this condition and report the importance of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine nowadays, even when their arms are not in the treatment of choice

Efeito do ácido tânico purificado (tanino) sobre o crescimento in vitro de isolados de Pythium insidiosum

Pythiosis is caused by the oomycetous Pythium insidiosum and affect domestic and wild animals and man. The presence of water and vegetal material is fundamental for its life cycle in nature. The biflagellate zoospore are the infective form of this pathogen. The lesions are generally of granulomatous aspect, which frequently may be contaminated by secondary bacterial infection in skin and subcutaneous tissue. Dissemination to systemic tissues may also occur and it may be due to the spread of the pathogen from cutaneous lesions, as well as a primary source of infection. Clinical signs depend on the affected tissue. Diagnosis of pythiosis is based on the clinical manifestations, histopathological sections and culture of the pathogen. Serological tests may also be employed and more recently molecular biology has been introduced as a sensitive, specific and a rapid method for conclusive diagnosis. Treatment is often difficult and extensive surgery procedures are required, however, depending on the anatomic region and size of the lesion, such procedure is unfeasible and relapses are frequent. Due to the climate changes, which has contributed to increase the incidence of pythiosis, it is necessary the search for new therapeutic protocols

Métodos diagnóstico de Hiperadrenocorticismo canina

The Hyperadrenocorticism is a disease that occur in dogs between mead to old age, is associated with the higher level of glucocorticoid that result in a corporal reaction. To make a diagnostic of this disease is necessary have a good history and physical examination, the principals complains of the proprietary are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, in some times abdominal enlargement and lethargy. In the physical examination is observed this abdominal enlargement, hepatomegaly, alopecia, in some cases pyoderma and difficult respiratory. From this documents is possible determinate the differential diagnostics and with the tests find the diagnostic of the disease that the animal have. The base methods are hemogram, biochemical, urinalysis, radiographs and ultrasonography it’s possible do tomography and magnetic resonance too. There are confirmation methods too, they are very important, because the others not have documents necessary for the final diagnostic. Those are Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio, dexamethasone suppression test with high dose or low dose and ACTH stimulation test. Despite those tests have high sensibility and specificity, they can result in false positive or false negative, this is one of the causes to do the base methods and together make the veterinary doctor find the solution of the diagnostic and do the adequate treatment