405 resultados para sistemas de plantio direto


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Como alternativa para aumento da produtividade dos sistemas de produção agrícola, surgiu o Sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar para o consórcio milho/Brachiaria submetido a doses de N em cobertura, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico do sul do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul nas condições de integração lavoura/pecuária, o seguinte: 1) os teores nutricionais e as leituras do índice de clorofila foliar (ICF) em folhas de milho, assim como os respectivos componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos, objetivando caracterizar a melhor dose de N para o consórcio, e 2) em relação às espécies de Brachiaria, após o consórcio, com o objetivo de nortear a manutenção do SPD pesquisado, efetuaram-se avaliações da produtividade de fitomassa, dos teores nutricionais, da composição bromatológica e da taxa de decomposição da palhada, durante os anos agrícolas 2008/2009 e 2009/2010, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, com histórico de oito anos sob SPD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas espécies de Brachiaria (brizantha e ruziziensis) e cinco doses de N (uréia) em cobertura (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1). A Brachiaria brizantha, no consórcio com o milho, foi a espécie menos competitiva. A adubação nitrogenada utilizada nessa consorciação, até a dose de 200 kg ha-1 de N, incrementou a nutrição, o crescimento, os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos do milho. Dessa forma, a adubação nitrogenada deve ser recomendada para o consórcio, e não isoladamente para as culturas. Embora tenha havido uma maior produtividade de massa seca da B. brizantha, a B. ruziziensis apresentou melhor composição bromatológica e...

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The application of conservation practices in production systems is essential to the sustainability of the agricultural production capacity. The use of different cover crops can reduce the need of topdressing nitrogen fertilizers in wheat crops. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of cover crops residues (millet, sunn hemp, pigeon pea, millet + sunn hemp, millet + pigeon pea and fallow ground), grown previously to the summer crop (rice), and topdressing nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 25 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 75 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 and 125 kg ha-1), in the development and yield of wheat under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in a Red Oxisol, in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6x6 factorial scheme. The cover crops developed during August/October (2009/2010) and September/November (2010/2011), previously to the summer crop, with the chemical desiccation performed respectively at 73 and 55 days after sowing. The wheat (winter) was sown in May, in both periods, and harvested at 113 (2009/2010) and 106 (2010/2011) days after emergence. The cover crops residues of pigeon pea, sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp, preceding wheat, provided higher wheat yields, relatively to the fallow ground. The wheat yield showed a quadratic response to the increase in the nitrogen availability, reaching higher yields with the nitrogen doses estimated in 113 kg ha-1 (2010) and 98 kg ha-1 (2011).

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Biodiesel is a reality in Brazil, due to the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB), which became mandatory in 2008 in adding 2% biodiesel in all diesel sold in a blend known as B2. The agribusiness sector responded to the federal program, facing many difficulties in biodiesel production, which highlights the supply of raw material. Problems related to biodiesel production were mainly the shortage of vegetable oil, because of demand from domestic and foreign markets, and rising prices of raw materials available for production, making this biofuel production economically feasible, even in Brazil, where agricultural production costs are among the most competitive in the world. The crambe is a specie that has aroused the interest of Brazilian producers due to oil content, hardiness, and mechanized cultivation, mainly for being a winter crop, it becomes one more option for farmers in this period. In addition, you can compose systems of crop rotation as well as being used as ground cover in winter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for productive and cost of production of crambe, conducted in no-tillage system, to compare these parameters with other oil crops such as sunflower, canola and soybean. The trial was conducted in the agricultural year 2008 at the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu - SP. The estimated yield was 1.507,05 kg ha-1, resulting in a production of 561,94 liters of oil per hectare. The cost of installation and conduct of crambe per hectare was R$ 875,87, resulting in a cost of R$ 1,56 per liter of oil, the lowest cost among the oilseed crops analyzed.

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The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands, the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (39,49%), agrotoxics (27,74%), and fossile energy of diesel (24,94%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 12,86 and cultural liquid energy got to 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno (2002), who researched conventional planting system. The cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly different: 9.696,97 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.722,89 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1, compared to convencional system: 70.334,60 MJ x ha-1. The energectic loss of nitrogened fertilizers contributed for the high energetic loss of both energetic studied matrices. There are few contribution from biological energy source in both systems.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA