A kinetic model of phosphorus metabolism in growing goats

The effect of increasing phosphorus (P) intake on P utilization was investigated in balance experiments using 12 Saanen goats, 4 to 5 mo of age and weighing 20 to 30 kg. The goats were given similar diets with various concentrations of P, and 32P was injected to trace the movement of P in the body. A P metabolism model with four pools was developed to compute P exchanges in the system. The results showed that P absorption, bone resorption, and excretion of urinary P and endogenous and fecal P all play a part in the homeostatic control of P. Endogenous fecal output was positively correlated to P intake (P < .01). Bone resorption of P was not influenced by intake of P, and P recycling from tissues to the blood pool was lesser for low P intake. Endogenous P loss occurred even in animals fed an inadequate P diet, resulting in a negative P balance. The extrapolated minimum endogenous loss in feces was .067 g of P/d. The minimum P intake for maintenance in Saanen goats was calculated to be .61 g of P/ d or .055 g of P/(kg.75·d) at 25 kg BW. Model outputs indicate greater P flow from the blood pool to the gut and vice versa as P intake increased. Intake of P did not significantly affect P flow from bone and soft tissue to blood. The kinetic model and regressions could be used to estimate P requirement and the fate of P in goats and could also be extrapolated to both sheep and cattle.

Phosphorus foliar fertilization in guava trees

Currently there is very little information on the response of fruiting perennial plants to applied P. This is especially true for tropical production areas where soils have a high capacity of P fixation, and are poor in native phosphorus. An alternative to soil P fertilization, which is inefficient in fixing soils, is to apply phosphorus as a foliar spray. P is quickly absorbed by leaves, and is redistributed quite well through the plants because its phloem mobility, and foliar application may be a viable practice. The purpose of this present work, is to determine the effectiveness of foliar P application on the nutritional status and yield of guava. The experiment was done in a Typic Hapludox, for three consecutive agricultural years, in an adult orchard of 'Paluma' guava. Five treatments were tested: four rates leaf applications of P (0-0.5-1.0 and 2.0% of P2O5) and a control where P was applied to soil (200 g of P2O5/plant). Through the results it was verified that the foliar application of P altered the concentration of the nutrient in the soil (13 to 48 mg dm-3 P-resin), and in the guava leaves (1.2 to 1.8 g of P kg-1), but did not affect the production of fruits. In conclusion, in field conditions, it is viable to combine the phosphorus foliar fertilization with disease control, without increasing the operations and, consequently, the production cost.

Crystal and molecular structure of dinuclear palladium(II) complex containing nitrogen and phosphorus donor ligands, [Pd2(N3)4(PPh3)2(μ-ted)]

The dinuclear azido-palladium(II) complex [Pd2(N3)4(PPh3)2(μ-ted)], where PPh3 = triphenylphosphine and ted = triethylenediamine, was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound was crystallized in a triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 11.5875(2)Å, b = 13.0817(3)Å, c = 15.2618(3)Å, α = 93.306(2)°, β =110.040(1)°, γ = 98.486(1)°, V = 2134.95(8)Å3, Z = 2. Each Pd(II) center displays a distorted squareplanar coordination environment formed by two N atoms from two trans terminally coordinated azido groups, one P atom from the phosphine and one N atom from the bridging ted ligand. 2008 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

Effects evaluation of remaining resin removal (three modes) on enamel surface after bracket debonding

Introduction: An appropriate selection of instruments is essential to perform a correct debonding technique, by properly removing orthodontic brackets and the remaining resin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate three methods of remaining resin removal on enamel surface after bracket debonding, by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Methods: Eighteen bovine incisors were selected and divided into three groups (A, B and C) of six teeth each. Before bracket bonding, epoxy resin casts were obtained by impression of the teeth with addition silicon, in order to register baseline enamel characteristics and representing the control group. The methods for remaining resin removal were: Group A - gross and medium granulation Soflex discs; Group B - carbide bur in low-speed; Group C - carbide bur in high-speed. Soflex polishing system fine and ultrafine granulation discs were used for Group A, rubber tips for Groups B and C, and polishing paste for all groups. After polishing, impression of teeth were taken and casts were analyzed by means of SEM. The baseline enamel characteristics (Control Group) were compared to the final aspect of enamel to determine the method that generated less enamel abrasion. Results and Conclusion: The remaining resin removal by carbide bur in low-rotation, and enamel polished with rubber tips followed by polishing paste produced the smaller damage to the enamel.

Phosphorus solubilizing and iaa production activities in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from brazilian soils under sugarcane cultivation

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been used as a biofertilizer, bringing benefits to agriculture as Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), indole-acetic acid (IAA) producers, and with other activites. The goal of this report was the identification of PGPR from soils under sugarcane crops by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the evaluation of the ability of phosphorus solubilizing and IAA production by biological assays. The isolates of this work were obtained from three areas of sugarcane crop from São Paulo State, Brazil. All isolates came from rhizosphere soil, and in a total of 60 isolates just 10 have showed high ability in phosphorus solubilizing. The selection of PSB may be done by phenotypic and/or genotypic characterization. Among ten isolates Enterobacter sp. (FJ890899), Entrobacter homaechei subsp. verschuerennii (FJ890998), Burkholderia sp. (FJ890895), and Labrys portucalensis (FJ890891) were able to IAA production. © 2006-2012 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).

Fertilizing lychee plants with phosphorus at time of planting in Brazil

The objective of this research was to study the effects of P fertilizers applied at time of planting on lychees' nutritional status and on plant growth. The treatments consisted of five doses of P: zero, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of P2O5 per plant, furnished by triple superphosphate. Plant diameter was evaluated during two years and the plants' nutritional status on the second year. The second year foliar levels of macro and micronutrients (with the exception of Zn) were increased by the P fertilizer. The orchard's initial development, especially during the second year, was also influenced by the fertilizer. The P doses of 164 and 158 g of P2O5 per plant resulted in the largest plant diameter after the first and the second year, respectively. These doses were found to be associated with a foliar P level of <1.4 g kg-1. © 2012 Renato de Mello Prado et al.

Spatial correlation between the composition of the clay fraction and contents of available phosphorus of an Oxisol at hillslope scale

Relief is regarded as the abiotic factor most strongly influencing pedogenic processes at a local scale. The spatial correlations between the composition of the clay fraction (iron - Fe and aluminum - Al oxides, kaolinite and organic matter - OM) and contents of available phosphorus (P) of an Oxisol were evaluated at hillslope scale under sugarcane cultivation. A total of 119 samples were collected at intersection points on a 100. ×. 100. m georeferenced grid of regularly spaced points 10. m apart in the 0.2-0.4. m depth in an area consisting of two landform components namely: component I (an area with a linear hillslope curvature), and component II (one with a concave-convex hillslope curvature). Soil OM and available P contents were subjected to descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses in order to assess their variability and spatial dependence. All attributes studied were spatially dependent. Available phosphorus had positive spatial correlation with high crystalline goethite, hematite and gibbsite. Identifying small hillslope curvatures is useful with a view to better understanding their relationships with soil organic matter and available phosphorus, as well as kaolinite and Fe and Al oxide attributes. A simple correlation analysis by itself is inadequate to relate attributes, which requires a supplemental, geostatistical technique. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..

Phosphorus and potassium budget in the soil-plant system in crop rotations under no-till

Soil management and crop rotations can affect P and K budget in soil, decreasing losses, and increasing fertilizer use efficiency. The P and K budget in the soil-plant system at depths up to 60. cm was studied for different soil managements and crop rotations under no-till for three years in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The investigated crop rotations were: triticale (X Triticosecale) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cropped in autumn-winter; pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were grown in the spring, as well as an additional treatment with chiseling followed by a fallow period; and soybean (Glycini max, L., Merril) was cropped in the summer. Each year triticale and sunflower were grown in plots and pearl millet, forage sorghum, Sunn hemp and of chisel/fallow in sub-plots. The triticale/millet rotation led to the largest decrease in available P within the 0-0.60. m layer of the soil profile and the largest K increase within the 0-0.05. m layer. Potassium mobility in the soil profile and the increases in the available K content in the 0.40-0.60. m layer were independent of the management system. Crop rotations with or without chiseling are not effective in preventing soil P losses. There is considerable K leaching below 0.60. m, but chiseling and the use of high K accumulating plants as triticale results in lower K losses. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Salmonella enteritidis in the eggs of Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix Japonica - Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) fed diets with different calcium and phosphorus levels

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Phosphorus and potassium balance in a corn-soybean rotation under no-till and chiseling

Nutrient use efficiency has become an important issue in agriculture, and crop rotations with deep vigorous rooted cover crops under no till may be an important tool in increasing nutrient conservation in agricultural systems. Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) has a vigorous, deep root system and may be effective in cycling P and K. The balance of P and K in cropping systems with crop rotations using ruzigrass, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and ruzigrass + castor bean (Ricinus communis), chiseled or not, was calculated down to 0.60 m in the soil profile for 2 years. The cash crops were corn in the first year and soybean in the second year. Crop rotations under no-till increased available P amounts in the soil-plant system from 80 to 100 %, and reduced K losses between 4 and 23 %. The benefits in nutrient balance promoted by crop rotations were higher in the second year and under without chiseling. Plant residues deposited on the soil surface in no-till systems contain considerable nutrient reserve and increase fertilizer use efficiency. However, P release from ruzigrass grown as a sole crop is not synchronized with soybean uptake rate, which may result in decreased yields. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Impacts of agricultural activities in remaining forest: Campinas/SP, Brazil

Forest fragmentation occurs normally in an area around the city or with high agricultural influence, such as the Forest of Quilombo that lies in Metropolitan Campinas/SP- Brazil. This forest is one such example since it is separated from the other forest fragments in the region for several types of human action. The objective of this study is to analyze the macro and micronutrients and soil edaphic insect fauna in the forest, pasture and sugar cane and inferring the impacts caused by the Mata do Quilombo cattle farming and urban expansion in chemical aspects of soil. Samples were collected in June/11, according to the procedure of method traps pitfall traps. In addition, at each sampling point four composite samples were collected for soil fertility analysis. Samples were collected at six points: pasture, degraded forest (near pasture), preserved forest (near pasture), degraded forest (near cane sugar), preserved forest (near cane sugar), and sugar cane sugar. The samples thus prepared were analyzed Ca, P, K, Mg, pH, organic matter, H + Al, Sum of Base (SB), Base Percentage Saturation (V%), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and trace elements (S, B, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn). Generally it can be seen that the group of organisms of soil fauna presented with little biodiversity. The number of individuals also shows little species, taxonomic groups showing the highest degree of impact that the remaining forest has suffered. Regarding the analysis of fertility it can be observed that the soil of the surrounding areas of the forest is under direct influence of agriculture. © 2013 WIT Press.

Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in broiler chicks fed with different levels of phytase and non-phytate phosphorus

Tartrate-resistant acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were evaluated in the serum and bone of broiler chicks fed with various amounts of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) or phytase. Data were analysed using a 4×3 factorial design containing four NPP levels per period. Analyses were performed in chicks aged 1-21 days (0.21; 0.29; 0.37; 0.45 ppm) and 36-42 days (0.13; 0.21; 0.29; 0.37 ppm) and under three different phytase level treatments (0, 500 and 1000 FTU/kg) for each period. In 42-day-old animals, the serum ACP and ALP activities did not differ in response to NPP and phytase levels and bone ACP activity decreased with increased phosphorus levels. We observed effects on ALP activity by approximately 70% in lower phosphorus (0.13 and 0.21) levels without phytase. The phytase addition decreased (P<0.05) ALP values in lower phosphorus levels. The bone ALP and ACP levels of 21-day-old animals were not affected by phosphorus or phytase. Pi depletion induces a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase synthesis, suggesting that the function of this enzyme is downregulated by phosphorus. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Evaluation of lines of boron, phosphorus and sulfur by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry for plant analysis

The wavelength-integrated absorbance (WIA) and summation of absorbance (∑ lines) of different lines were evaluated to enhance sensitivity and determine B, P and S in medicinal plants by HR-CS FAAS. The lowest LOD for B (0.5mgL-1) and P (13.7mgL-1) was obtained by integration of lines 249.773nm (3pixels) and 247.620nm (5pixels), respectively. The ∑ lines for CS at 257.595nm and 257.958nm furnished LOD=30.5mgL-1, ca. 10% lower than the LOD obtained for the WIA using 257.595nm and 5pixels. Data showed the advantage of WIA over ∑ lines to improve sensitivity for all analytes. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves in the 1.0-100mgL-1 B and 50.0-2000mgL-1 P, S ranges were consistently obtained. Results obtained with the HR-CS FAAS method were in agreement at 98% and 95% confidence level with certified values for B and P, respectively. And results for S were in accordance to non-certified values. Concentrations of B, P, and S in 12 medicinal plants analyzed by the proposed method varied within the 19.4-34.5mgkg-1 B, 719-3910mgkg-1 P and 1469-7653mgkg-1 S ranges. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Platelet-Rich Plasma And Chronic Wounds: Remaining Fibronectin May Influence Matrix Remodeling And Regeneration Success

Background: Platelet-rich plasma has been largely used as a therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic wounds of different etiologies. The enhanced regeneration observed after the use of platelet-rich plasma has been systematically attributed to the growth factors that are present inside platelets' granules. Aim: We hypothesize that the remaining plasma and platelet-bound fibronectin may act as a further bioactive protein in platelet-rich plasma preparations. Methods: Recent reports were analyzed and presented as direct evidences of this hypotheses. Results: Fibronectin may directly influence the extracellular matrix remodeling during wound repair. This effect is probably through matrix metalloproteinase expression, thus exerting an extra effect on chronic wound regeneration. Conclusions: Physicians should be well aware of the possible fibronectin-induced effects in their future endeavors with PRP in chronic wound treatment. © 2013 International Society for Cellular Therapy.

Disponibilidade de fósforo em função da aplicação de calcário e silicatos em solos oxídicos

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