60 resultados para phase I trials


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In the aquatic environment, biotransformation enzymes are established biomarkers for assessing PAH exposure in fish, but little is known about the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on these enzymes during exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed for 3, 5, and 10 days to BaP (300 μg L(-1)) and E2 (5 μg L(-1)). These substances were applied isolated or mixed. In the mixture experiment, fish were analyzed pre- and postexposure in order to better understand whether preexposure to the hormone masks the responses activated by PAH or vice versa. Phase I enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-depenthylase (PROD), and benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase (BROD) activities as well as the phase II enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. Isolated E2 treatment decreased EROD activity after 3 days, but this enzyme activity returned to control values after 5 and 10 days of exposure. Isolated BaP treatment significantly induced EROD activity after 3 and 5 days, and the activity returned to control levels after ten exposure days. Combined treatment (E2 + Bap) significantly increased EROD activity, both in the pre- and postexposure. This increase was even higher than in the isolated BaP treatment, suggesting a synergism between these two compounds. When E2 and BaP were used singly, they did not change BROD and PROD activities. However, combined treatment (E2 + Bap) significantly increased PROD activity. Isolated BaP treatment increased GST activity after 10 days. However, this response was not observed in the mixture treatment, suggesting that E2 suppressed the GST induction modulated by BaP. The results put together indicated that E2 altered the biotransformation pathway regarding enzymes activated by BaP in Nile tilapia.

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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

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This study aimed at evaluating the knowledge on visceral leishmaniasis gained after the application of an educative project for the 6th and 7th grade students from three public schools of Birigui, SP, Brazil. A questionnaire before (Phase I) and after (Phase II) activities that comprehended one conference by a health agent, a comic contest and one crossword about VL was used to measure scholar’s knowledge. We interviewed 711 students in Phase I and 693 in Phase II. A criterion of VL knowledge was adopted as “Good”, “Medium” and “Bad” when, out of 10 questions analyzed by Item Response Theory, 10 to 8, 7 to 4, and 3 to 0 were right, respectively. We observed a statistically significant increase in the students’ knowledge level after the educational project, since the number of students with “Good” concept changed from 35.7% (Phase I) to 59.7% (Phase II). The educational activities carried out led to gains in knowledge among students suggesting that continuing education can bring good results to public health.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Visando estudar a influência do período de competição das plantas daninhas sobre alguns parâmetros de produção da cultura da soja, foram instalados experimentos de campo com os cultivares Santa Rosa e IAC-2 em dois tipos de solos, Latossol Roxo e Latossol Vermelho Escuro - fase arenosa, no município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso , sendo os cultivares mantidos sem e com competição das plantas daninhas por períodos cujas extensões foram 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a emergência. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: o período mínimo do início do ciclo que deve ser mantido livre de competição é de 30 a 40 dias após a emergência para o cultivar Santa Rosa e de 50 dias para o 'IAC-2'; para os dois cultivares, a produção de grãos foi efetivamente aumentada após o 20.° dia sem competição no solo Latossol Roxo e 30.° dia no solo Latossol Vermelho Escuro - fase arenosa, atingindo um valor máximo no 50.° dia para o 'Santa Rosa' e ao redor do 60.° dia para o 'IAC-2'; no ano agrícola de 1977/78 (solo Latosso l Roxo), a competição durante os primeiros 20 dias após a emergência causou perdas de produção em ambos os cultivares, entretanto, no de 1978/79 (solo Latossol Vermelho Escuro - fase arenosa) este período foi de 40 dias, mostrando a importância das interferências e da foclimáticas e das diferentes espécies daninhas, no processo de competição; e, dentre todos os parâmetros relacionados à produção de grãos, o número de vagens por planta foi o mais afetado pela competição das plantas daninhas.

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An approach featuring s-parametrized quasiprobability distribution functions is developed for situations where a circular topology is observed. For such an approach, a suitable set of angle - angular momentum coherent states must be constructed in an appropriate fashion.