Potencialização do efeito antiinflamatório e antinociceptivo do diclofenaco e da nimesulida por vitaminas do complexo B

The effects of a combination of some B vitamins and diclofenac or nimesulide on chemical nociception in mice or paw edema in rats were investigated. While the vitamins alone had no effect, combination of thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6) and cyanocobalamin (B12), given i.p. in doses of 100mg and 5mg/kg, respectively, potentiated the inhibition by nimesulide (5mg/kg) of paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats. Antinociceptive effects of diclofenac and nimesulide (inhibition of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid in mice) were also potentiated by the combination of the vitamins B1, B6 and B12. Thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin given singly were effective in potentiating antinociceptive effects of nimesulide, but only cyanocobalamin potentiated these effects of diclofenac, probably reflecting the differing mechanisms of action of the two drugs. The results document the positive influence of B vitamins on the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac or nimesulide and support the use of B vitamins to shorten the treatment time and reduce the daily dose of anti-inflammatories.

Alternativas para o tratamento da esquistossomose: Caracterizacao fisico-quimica do complexo de inclusao entre praziquantel e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice commonly used for the treatment of shistosomiasis. However, it has low aqueous solubility, which could limit its bioavailability in the body. To circumvent these features, an inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-beta- cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared. Thus, the objective of this work was to prepare and characterize the PZQ/HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Morphological, spectroscopic, and calorimetric analysis showed the first signs of the guest/host interaction. The complexation kinetic analysis was used to determine the kinetic constant and, besides that, it was possible to establish the time consumed to reach equilibrium. Using the solubility isotherm, it was observed that the interaction with HP-β-CD increased 2.4 fold the aqueous solubility of plain PZQ. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, using fibroblast cells, evidenced no toxicity for these cells at the concentrations tested. These results demonstrated that there is a potential use of PZQ in formulations with HP-β-CD.

Validação de método de análise quantitativa para a triancinolona a partir de complexo ternário por espectrofotometria de UV-Vis

Triamcinolone (TRI), a drug widely used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases, is practically insoluble in water, which limits its use in eye drops. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been used to increase the solubility or dissolution rate of drugs. The purpose of the present study was to validate a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis of TRI in inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin (B-CD) associated with triethanolamine (TEA) (ternary complex). The proposed analytical method was validated with respect to the parameters established by the Brazilian regulatory National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring (ANVISA). The analytical measurements of absorbance were made at 242nm, at room temperature, in a 1-cm path-length cuvette. The precision and accuracy studies were performed at five concentration levels (4, 8, 12, 18 and 20μg.mL -1). The B-CD associated with TEA did not provoke any alteration in the photochemical behavior of TRI. The results for the measured analytical parameters showed the success of the method. The standard curve was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range from 2 to 24 μg.mL -1. The method achieved good precision levels in the inter-day (relative standard deviation-RSD <3.4%) and reproducibility (RSD <3.8%) tests. The accuracy was about 80% and the pH changes introduced in the robustness study did not reveal any relevant interference at any of the studied concentrations. The experimental results demonstrate a simple, rapid and affordable UV-Vis spectrophotometric method that could be applied to the quantitation of TRI in this ternary complex.

Descrição cariotípica de possíveis novas espécies do complexo Hypostomus ancistroides e outros Hypostominae

Cytogenetic analyses were performed in four species of the Hypostominae subfamily, three from Hypostomus (Hypostomini) genus and Rhinelepis aspera (Rhinelepini). Three populations of Hypostomus ancistroides were analyzed, which had 2n=68 chromosomes, but presented different karyotype formulas. Hypostomus regani and H. strigaticeps, both from Ivaí river, showed 2n=72 chromosomes with two distinct cytotypes. In turn, R. aspera of the upper Paraná river basin presented 2n=54 chromosome. Multiple Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) have been evidenced by silver nitrate staining in species of Hypostomus and single NOR in R. aspera. The observed variation in the chromosome number and the marked variability in karyotype formulas and NORs reveal a certain amount of karyotype variation in the genus Hypostomus suggesting the probable existence of cryptic species with independent chromosome traits. Therefore, our data can be of great value in discriminating species and understanding their chromosomal evolution.

Influência das concepções europeias na formulação do pensamento urbanístico paulista

This article aims to present a list of the main influences experimented by architects and urbanists to formulate an urban thought of Sao Paulo City. This way, it will be discussed the main issues raised between the first decades of the XX Century until the 1950s, trying to foresee how the engineers and architects worked to incorporate the urbanistic proposals from Europe and the United States. On the first three sections of this article, it will be presented the concepts that effectively impacted the paulista urban thought of the first half of the XX Century: Sanitarism, the pendulum design: between the Mesologic Theory and the Microbian Theory; Camillo Sitte's historicist formulation; Howard Garden Town and the French experience. Our analysis was formulated by having as a reference a broad and systematic literature, documents stored at Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Araraquara (SP), visits to Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP Library and to Faculdade de Ciências e Letras da Unesp, Araraquara. The analysis shows that two urbanistic planner streams that happened in São Paulo State were clearly influenced by the conceptions that led the urbanistic debates in the first half of the XX Century. So, these conceptions compose a painting of the urban interventions in São Paulo City.

Geotermobarometria de Granulitos Associados à Supracrustais na Porção Norte do Complexo Guaxupé - Região de Arceburgo - Santa Cruz do Prata, MG

This paper is a contribution for the understanding of the geological evolution of Guaxupé Complex. New data on petrography and mineral chemistry as well as estimates of metamorphic (P-T) conditions in the region of Arceburgo - Santa Cruz do Prata (MG) Brazil, at the southern portion of the Brasília Belt, more specifically at the Guaxupé Complex (Domain) are now presented. The lithotypes are high-grade metamorphic rocks subdivided into two groups: metasediments and granulites (orthoderivates). Chemical analysis of minerals was performed in three steps including core and rim of amphibole, pyroxene, feldspar, biotite, and garnet from samples of the following rock types: enderbites, mafic granulites, charnockites, and alkali feldspar charnockites. Results obtained with geothermobarometric calculations show metamorphic peak around 900°C of T and 10 kbar of P. Enderbites and tonalite granulites (mafic) show the highest values of temperature and pressure, while alkali feldspar charnockites show the lowest probably due to their late generation in relation to mafic rock types (enderbites and mafic tonalite granulite). Chemical mineral analysis in metamorphic parageneses and geothermobarometric calculations indicate that the possible metamorphic peak may be higher than 900°C of temperature and around 10 kbar of pressure, within a isothermal decompression (ITD) regime.

Complexo enzimático na dieta de alevinos de kinguio (Carassius auratus)

Aiming to evaluate the enzymatic complex supplementation in diets for goldfish fingerlings (Carassius auratus), 240 fish weighing initially 1,36 ± 0,02g, randomly distributed in 20 tanks with 150L, in four treatments and five replications, with twelve fish in each experimental unit were used. The fish were fed at 8:00 and 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 and 5:00 p.m. with diets containing different inclusion levels (0; 0,033; 0,066 e 0,099%) of enzymatic complex (amilase, protease, celulase, lipase, â-glucanase and phytase), and formulated with 32,36% of digestible protein and 3.023kcal of digestible energy kg-1. There were no differences observed (P>0,05) in the mean final weight, weight gain, total length, standard length, survival and carcass composition. However, the fish apparent feed conversion was impaired by the supplementation of enzymatic complex with 0,099% in diet. The use of enzymatic complex does not provides benefits in the productive performance for goldfish fingerlings.

Danos do complexo broca-podridão à produtividade e à qualidade da cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com doses de nitrogênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen-fertigation on the damage caused by the borer-rot complex to the productivity and quality of fertigated sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in field, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and five N doses (0, 50 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) applied through drip irrigation. The following variables were determined: number of holes caused by Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); number of internodes infected with red rot; incidence percentage of red rot; stalk productivity; and sugar content. In laboratory, the attractiveness and the consumption of culm fragments by fourth instar caterpillars, in trials with or without choice, were evaluated. Nitrogen fertigation increased the incidence of D. saccharalis and red rot. The number of holes produced by the larvae was correlated with the occurrence of red rot. Sugar percentage reduced with the increase in the number of red rot affected internodes. Nitrogen doses did not affect the attractiveness of sugarcane culm fragments; however, higher N doses increased the consumption of these fragments by D. saccharalis caterpillars. Despite the damages to quality, nitrogen fertilization expressively enhanced the productivity of stalks and sugar.

Expressão gênica das adesinas e fatores de virulência da fase miceliar e leveduriforme do complexo paracoccidioides e de sua interação com células epiteliais e fagócitos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O pensamento vivo de Mário de Andrade: dos parques infantis aos CEUs da cidade de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

De artista a designer: Alexandre Wollner e o pensamento concreto na construção do design visual no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Adição de precursores em meio complexo solúvel para a produção de Cefamicina C por Streptomyces clavuligerus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Continuum psicofísico: uma abordagem baseada no pensamento de Charles S. Pierce

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

O pensamento de Che Guevara: um homem novo, trabalho e consciência na Revolução Cubana

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A escrita como arma: uma análise do pensamento social na literatura marginal

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC