57 resultados para lactancia materna
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Experimental models are necessary to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms not yet understood in humans. To evaluate the repercussions of the diabetes, considering two methodologies, on the pregnancy of Wistar rats and on the development of their offspring. In the 1st induction, female offspring were distributed into two experimental groups: Group streptozotocin (STZ, n=67): received the β-cytotoxic agent (100mg STZ/kg body weight - sc) on the 1st day of the life; and Non-diabetic Group (ND, n=14): received the vehicle in a similar time period. In the adult life, the animals were mated. After a positive diagnosis of pregnancy (0), female rats from group STZ presenting with lower glycemia than 120 mg/dL received more 20 mg STZ/kg (ip) at day 7 of pregnancy (2nd induction). The female rats with glycemia higher than 120mg/dL were discarded because they reproduced results already found in the literature. In the mornings of days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the pregnancy glycemia was determined. At day 21 of pregnancy (at term), the female rats were anesthetized and killed for maternal reproductive performance and fetal development analysis. The data were analyzed using Student-Newman-Keuls, Chi-square and Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) Tests (p<0.05). STZ rats presented with increased rates of pre (STZ=22.0%; ND=5.1%) and post-implantation losses (STZ=26.1%; ND=5.7%), reduced rates of fetuses with appropriate weight for gestational age (STZ=66%; ND=93%) and reduced degree of development (ossification sites). Conclusion: Mild diabetes led a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and caused intrauterine growth restriction and impaired fetal development
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Estudos em humanos e animais têm demonstrado que a nutrição inadequada em fase crítica de desenvolvimento, como na gestação, pode causar alterações da prole na vida adulta. Tais estudos levaram à proposição da hipótese de programação fetal, segundo a qual o risco para desenvolver certas doenças é função não apenas da carga genética ou dos hábitos de vida do indivíduo adulto, como também da atuação de fatores ambientais em períodos críticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito tardio da restrição calórica materna moderada (30%), na gestação e/ou lactação sobre o metabolismo energético da prole. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, sendo os grupos experimentais divididos da seguinte forma: NN (filhotes nascidos de mães normais e colocados em gaiolas com mães do grupo normal na lactação), NR (filhotes nascidos de mães do grupo normal e colocados em gaiolas com mães restritas na lactação), RN (filhotes nascidos de mães restritas na gestação e colocados em gaiolas com mães normais na lactação) e RR (filhotes nascidos de mães restritas na gestação e colocados em gaiolas com mães restritas na lactação). Foram avaliados o peso corporal, a ingestão de alimentos, os depósitos de gordura, o índice de adiposidade, lipídios plasmáticos, gordura hepática e gordura da carcaça.. A restrição nutricional materna provocou alterações significativas tanto em machos quanto em fêmeas no período do desmame, entretanto no início da idade adulta somente os machos apresentaram mudanças mais expressivas no metabolismo energético e no desenvolvimento corpóreo. Houve uma redução no peso corpóreo dos animais machos dos grupos NR, RN e RR (8,9%, 9,0% e 14,2%, respectivamente). No entanto, somente os grupos NR e RR apresentaram diminuição nos teores de gordura hepática e triglicerídeos plasmáticos. O fornecimento de dieta ad libitum na lactação às mães com ...
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La théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives de A. Culioli ne porte pas en elle une conception prête à l’emploi de l’enseignement des langues. Ce texte se propose de faire le pont entre cette théorie et les questions d’enseignement. Il construit surtout une réflexion sur les concepts d’activité ou de pratique au sein de l’enseignement des langues maternelles en se basant sur l’activité épilinguistique. Nous souhaitons, en outre, mettre en débat la division qui existe dans l’enseignement des langues entre activité physique et activité mentale.
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Ce texte aborde l’importance de la recherche liée à l’activité é pilinguistique, entendue comme l’activité propre du langage dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la langue maternelle. Le concept d’activité épilinguistique adopté ici est celui de la Théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives élaborée parle linguiste français Antoine Culioli. Dans le but de délimiter l’objet de la recherche et de présenter un modèle d’activité applicable en salle de classe, nous avons choisi d’étudier la conjonction de coordination et d’opposition mas (mais, en français), comprise comme un marqueur lexico - grammatical. L’exercice a été proposé à une classe de septième année (la 5 ème du système français) du collège d’État Dr. Joaquim Batista, dans la ville de Jaboticabal, au Brésil. Dans le cadre de ce travail sur l’activité épilingui stique, les apprenants ont eu l’opportunité d’observer les divers contextes d’occurrence de ce marqueur, mais aussi de comprendre que les mots ne sont pas dotés d’une signification statique. En outre, ce travail a permis aux apprenants de construire leur propre connaissance et d’élaborer une grammaire plus opérationnelle et pertinente.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal stress and anxiety and the quality of interaction of 10 mothers and their 0-3-month-old babies with Pierre Robin Sequence hospitalized in a university hospital. We used the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults to evaluate stress and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to assess anxiety of the mothers, and a protocol to assess the recording of the mother-infant interaction. The results showed high levels of maternal stress and anxiety. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found: the higher the maternal anxiety and stress, the lower was the mother-infant interaction. The results indicate that work needs to be done to minimize the anxiety and stress of mothers with inpatient babies in order to encourage interaction.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Purpose: to review literature, highlighting current aspects of maternal mortality. Method: research initiated through electronic data base PubMed [http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed], limited to the last 10 years. The selected cases which related to pre-defined aspects of interest to the study, such as vulnerable population, risk factors, causes, difficulties in obtaining data, preventive measures e new approaches to the problem, among them, ‘near misses’ and severe maternal morbidity. Results: maternal death is directly related to the quality of life of the population, with relevant disparities among the different social economic areas. Although maternal mortality is the proper indicator to the female population health, its numbers are presented in unrealistic manners due to the difficulties in identifying the cases through death certificates. Preventive measures associated to early and adequate diagnose and treatment are benefic factors in decreasing those maternal deaths. Apart from these, identification and classification of ‘near misses’ and maternal morbidity are featured in the contemporary approach to the issue. Final considerations: In spite of advanced technology and recognition of preventive measures, a large number of women die daily due to complications in the pregnancy and puerperal cycle. To decrease such tragedy political, social and economical commitment to Health is necessary, in order to promote the needed reforms in the assistance of such cycle.
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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA