Estresse de dominância e respostas metabólicas da tilápia-do-Nilo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Utilização de magnetorresistores no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para aplicações em gastroenterologia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gastrintestinal helminths Of Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766-Smith, 1839) from the caatinga area of the Paraiba State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre from dairy cow diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of fibre in the digestive tract on the basis of the passage kinetics of forage and concentrate particles in cows fed different omega-6 fatty-acid sources. The scientific hypothesis of this study was that omega-6 fatty acids do not interfere with the digestion of fibre in the diets of dairy cows. Five primiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in the experiment. The experimental diets were: control (C), ground soyabean (GS), cottonseed (CS), soyabean oil (SO), calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA). The global mean estimates for the parameters of passage rate (gamma) were 0.038 and 0.055 h(-1) for forage and concentrate, respectively. The only significant effect with respect to the passage rate was a high negative correlation between the concentrate passage rate and dry matter intake. There was less undegradable neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in treatments without added lipid. Dietary supplementation with lipid sources does not alter the kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrate particle passage or in vitro NDF degradation. Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre.

Allometry of Organs and the Gastrintestinal Tract from Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Finished in Feedlot

The objective of present study was to evaluate the relative growth of organs and viscera from water buffaloes. Fifteen Mediterranean intact males, averaging, 356.7 kg initial live weight and twenty four months of age, were used. The animals were ramdomly assigned into three groups (categories). One group was ramdomly assigned to immediate slaughter (AR), the rest two groups were full-fed a ration containing 50% concentrate, dry matter basis until reaching the slaughter weights of 450 and 500kg, respectively. At slaughter the empty body weight was determined and the weights of head, feet, leather, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, rumen-reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine were recorded. Regression equations of log weight of organs and viscera as a function of log empty-body-weight (EBW), were fitted. All body components studied, with exception of liver and spleen, developed slower than in relation to EBW.

Fibra de cana-de-açúcar na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Rafinose na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Taste and Temperature in Swallowing Transit Time after Stroke

Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in individuals after stroke. Taste and temperature are used in dysphagia rehabilitation. The influence of stimuli, such as taste and temperature, on swallowing biomechanics has been investigated in both healthy individuals and in individuals with neurological disease. However, some questions still remain unanswered, such as how the sequence of offered stimuli influences the pharyngeal response. The goal of the present study was to determine the influence of the sequence of stimuli, sour taste and cold temperature, on pharyngeal transit time during deglutition in individuals after stroke. Methods: The study included 60 individuals with unilateral ischemic stroke, 29 males and 31 females, aged 41–88 years (mean age: 66.2 years) examined 0–50 days after ictus (median: 6 days), with mild to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia. Exclusion criteria were hemorrhagic stroke patients, patients with decreased level of consciousness, and clinically unstable patients, as confirmed by medical evaluation. The individuals were divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. Group 1 received a nonrandomized sequence of stimuli (i.e. natural, cold, sour, and sour-cold) and group 2 received a randomized sequence of stimuli. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study was performed to analyze the pharyngeal transit time. Four different stimuli (natural, cold, sour, and sour-cold) were offered. The images were digitalized and specific software was used to measure the pharyngeal transit time. Since the values did not present regular distribution and uniform variances, nonparametric tests were performed. Results: Individuals in group 1 presented a significantly shorter pharyngeal transit time with the sour-cold stimulus than with the other stimuli. Individuals in group 2 did not show a significant difference in pharyngeal transit time between stimuli. Conclusions: The results showed that the sequence of offered stimuli influences the pharyngeal transit time in a different way in individuals after stroke and suggest that, when the sour-cold stimulus is offered in a randomized sequence, it can influence the response to the other stimuli in stroke patients. Hence, the sour-cold stimulus could be used as a therapeutic aid in dysphagic stroke patients.

Caracterização in vitro de técnica biomagnética empregando magnetômetros 3D para avaliar tempo de trânsito esofagiano

The biomagnetic techniques use different magnetic field detectors to measure parameters of the human physiology. Those techniques present the advantage of being noninvasive and radiation free. Among them we can show up the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), the Current Alternate Biosusceptometry (ACB) and, more recently, the employment of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors. Those magnetic sensors have a low cost and good sensitivity to measure different physiological parameters using magnetic markers. The biomagnetic techniques have being used successfully through study on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research, the magnetoresistors were used to evaluate the transit time and localization of magnetic sources in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this work is the characterization, with in vitro tests, of a biomagnetic instrumentation using two 3-axis magnetoresistors arranged in a gradiometric coplanar setup to evaluate esophageal transit time, analyze and compare the results of experimental signals and the magnetic theory, as well as evaluate the instrumentation gain with use of tri-axial sensor front to the mono-axial sensor. The instrumentation is composed by two three-axis sensing magnetometers, precision power supply and amplifier electronic circuits. The sensors fixed in a coplanar setup were separate by distance of 18 cm. The sensitivity tests had been carried through using a cylindrical magnet (ø = 4 mm and h = 4 mm) of neodymium-iron-boron (grid 35). The tests were done moving the permanent magnet on the sensors parallel axis, simulating the food transit in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeito da adição de inulina no crescimento, resistência gastrintestinal e capacidade de remoção de colesterol de Lactobacillus helveticus 416 e Enterococcus faecium CRL 183

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da adição de um prebiótico nas características de crescimento, resistência às condições do trato gastrintestinal e remoção de colesterol in vitro, das cepas de Enterococcus faecium CRL183 e Lactobacillus helveticus 416. A fonte de prebiótico foi composta por Inulina GR – Orafti, sendo testadas as seguintes concentrações: 1,0%, 2,0%, 3,0%; 4,0%; 5,0% e 6,0% p/v). Para a avaliação da resistência às condições do trato gastrintestinal, os microrganismos foram colocados em contato com um fluido gástrico simulado por 2 horas (9g/L de NaCl, 3g/L de pepsina, pH 1,8) e com um fluido intestinal simulado por 3 horas (0,9g/L de pancreatina, 12,5g/L de bicarbonato de sódio e 6,0 g/L de Oxgall). Após o período de contato com os fluidos, foram realizadas diluições seriais e plaqueamento em meios específicos. No estudo de redução de colesterol, meios de cultura contendo inulina e colesterol (1%) foram inoculados com as cepas probióticas e incubados em anaerobiose a 37°C/24h. A capacidade de redução do colesterol foi determinada pela diferença entre a concentração de colesterol adicionada ao meio de cultura e a de colesterol residual. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de médias de Tukey (p≤0,05). A adição de inulina não resultou em alteração no ciclo logarítmico de crescimento dos microrganismos. Porém, quando os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, constatou-se que a adição de 1% a 4% de inulina inibiu o crescimento de Lactobacillus helveticus 416, sendo que para as concentrações de 5% a 6% estas alterações não foram perceptíveis. A cepa de Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 apresentou crescimento superior na presença de 2% e 4% de inulina. Após o contato com o fluido gástrico simulado, observou-se redução de 1 ciclo logarítmico no crescimento da cepa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Avaliação do efeito da gastrectomia na motilidade e no esvaziamento gástrico em ratos por biosusceptometria de corrente alternada

The study of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions is necessary due to the increasing number of pathologies associated with it. Directly influencing the quality of life, the gastrointestinal tract provides a number of parameters that, when analyzed, allow us to describe its dysfunctions. Thus, many techniques can be combined to obtain these properties related to the GIT. However, these techniques are often invasive, require surgery, catheter insertion, or to build a temporal model of these functions, require the sacrifice of animals in a series of data collection. The technique used in this study has the advantage of having a low operating cost, being free of ionizing radiation, non-invasive and is known as biosusceptometry AC (BAC), used to evaluate the properties of the GI tract by monitoring the position and concentration of materials magnetically marked. The sensor consists of two pairs of coils, one reference and one for detection. A fixed base line separates the sensing and reference coils, and also functions as support for the instrumentation. It is also important to note that the detection coils are arranged in a first order (subtraction) gradiometric way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of gastrectomy in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit time of solid food in rats using a BAC system associated with magnetic markers. To realize this study was constructed a dedicated BAC sensor, built to analyze these GIT properties. Data acquisition was obtained by aligning the magnetic sensor with the stomach and colon of the animal at pre-determined intervals. Thus, when approaching the magnetic material of the sensor, the balance created between the two sides of the sensor is broken. This imbalance can be measured, digitized and acquired. Tracer was used as a ration magnetically marked with ferrite... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Melhoria do nível de serviço no atendimento ao cliente por meio da estrutura direta de distribuição Transit Point

Increasingly competitive markets have driven the search for companies in many different ways to win and keep customers. The service level is basically the performance of companies in fulfilling the orders made, or how companies demonstrate to their clients efforts in their behalf. This work aims to solve the difficulties faced by a multinational company present in Brazil, in the distribution of its products in the category Ice Cream in order to improve the service level of their customers. Review the logistics network and concepts related to the distribution system of products is one of several ways to achieve this goal, as well as the use of IT and tools to assist in planning and programming of the physical distribution of products. In this study we used the concept of direct distribution system called Transit Point (TP). The TP provides at the same time, a strategy of rapid response, flexibility, low transportation costs and no inventory. A router - software capable of simulating the actual conditions experienced in the daily distribution - was used to assist in calculations. Results showed reductions of up to 47.5% in transportation costs and better conditions were provided in the distribution of products, positively impacting on service levels and in the maintenance of products quality, with a reduction of 1.6% of the total costs involve

Adição de desinfetantes na água de bebida durante o jejum pré-abate de frangos de corte: microbiologia e morfologia do trato gastrintestinal

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Farelo de abacaxi como fonte de fibra na alimentação de leitões desmamados

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS