Productivity characteristics of endive as a function of spacing

Endive (Cichorium intybus) is one of the vegetables least studied in Brazil with respect to the behavior of the most commercialized cultivars, but it is known that the number of plants per area is one of the factors that most influences the productivity of various crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of endive using four spacings between rows and five spacings between plants, in the region of Jaboticabal-SP. The experiment was conducted in the field in the period of August 12, 2008 to November 6, 2008, in the experimental area of the Sector of Vegetable Crops and Aromatic-Medicinal Plants, Department of Crop Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - UNESP-FCAV. The experimental design utilized was a randomized block design with a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, i.e., four spacings between rows (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m) and five spacings between plants (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m), with three repetitions. The endive cultivar studied was 'Pão-de-Acucar', obtained from the company Tecnoseed. Seedlings were established utilizing the sowing system in 200-cell Styrofoam trays containing the substrate Plantmax Vegetables® HA. The seedlings were transplanted at 37 days after planting. After harvesting, the following characteristics were determined: height (cm), diameter of the plant in rows (cm), diameter of the plant in between rows (cm), number of leaves, fresh weight (g) and total estimated productivity (t/ha). There were no interactions between the factors studied. Based on the data, we conclude that spacings of 0.15 m between rows and of 0.15 m between plants produce plants of higher quality and with greater productivity.

Viabilidade econômica de quatro intensidades de pastejo do capim Tanzânia na pecuária de corte1

Were evaluated the economic effects of four grazing heights (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) of Tanzânia grass for beef cattle. The total area was 12 acres divided into paddocks of one hectare, with three replications. We used three animals, males, Nelore per paddock, as more animals need additional adjustment to the height you want. The reduction in sward height allowed higher stocking rate, which, even with a reduction in individual performance, there was more beef production per area. The interest rate on capital given the property represented the largest share in the final cost of production. The participation of fixed variables showed a positive linear function of the increase in height from grazing, showing significant reduction of the production scale. A reduction in cost of production per hectare per year with increasing grazing height. No differences were found in certain economic indicators, and the four systems remunerate the capital invested.

Fertilisation residues alter leaf scleromorphy in an evergreen savannah shrub (Maprounea brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae)

In the present study, we examined how residues of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) fertilisers affect leaf anatomical traits in Maprounea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae), a typical and dominant cerrado (Brazilian savannah) species adapted to dystrophic soils. We predicted that fertiliser residues would alter qualitative and quantitative aspects of M. brasiliensis leaves and would decrease their scleromorphy. Leaves were sampled from plants that were growing in soils previously fertilised with N, P and Ca and in plants that were growing in soils without fertiliser residues. We measured the thickness of the cuticle, the epidermis of adaxial and abaxial surfaces, thickness of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma, total thickness of the leaf, total area of the midrib and leaf mass per area (LMA). We found that plants under fertiliser residues produced fewer scleromorphic leaves with low LMA, thinner cuticle and epidermis and thicker palisade and spongy parenchyma. They also showed a decrease in the size and area occupied by the leaf midvein. However, plants under fertiliser residues produced similar leaf thickness as did the plants in the control group. Our results showed that residual effects of fertilisation changed structural patterns of a typical species of cerrado. Thus, further studies about fertilisation effects on leaf traits are needed because larger areas of the central cerrado are being occupied for agricultural production. © 2013 CSIRO.

Produção de bovinos de corte em pastagem de aveia preta e azevém submetida à adubação nitrogenada

We evaluated animal production on black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture submitted to nitrogen top fertilization of 0; 150 and 300 kg ha-1, in the form of urea. We used 36 calves with average age and average weight of 10.5 months and 180 kg, respectively, as test-animals. The grazing system used was continuous with variable stocking rate. The block design was completely randomized with three replicates (paddock). Average weight gain was similar for the levels evaluated (0.925; 0.969 and 1.045 kg day-1, respectively). Stocking rate and live weight gain per hectare showed a linear relation with nitrogen levels. The efficiency of animal production was 2.040 and 1.766 kg of weight gain per kg of nitrogen used for the dose of 150 and 300 of N, respectively. The stocking rate and live weight gain per hectare of beef calves increased with the nitrogen levels, from 0 to 300 kg of N ha-1. However, the best efficiency in weight gain per unit of nitrogen applied was obtained with the dose of 150 kg of N ha-1.

Densidades e arranjos populacionais de milho e componentes agronômicos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vigor de sementes, população de plantas e desempenho agrônomico de soja

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Crescimento e produtividade da mamoneira iac 2028 na safrinha em função da população de plantas em espaçamento reduzido

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fluxo de carga continuado considerando o controle de intercâmbio entre áreas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Citricultura na região sul paulista: modelo de previsão econômica para tomada de decisão em condições de risco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise energética e econômica da produção de milho (Zea mays spp) em sistema de plantio direto em propriedades familiares no município de Pratânia-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adaptação de bovinos ao confinamento: avaliação do temperamento e dos comportamentos social e alimentar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Requisitos nutricionais e reprodução massal de Bipolaris euphorbiae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inventário dos gases de efeito estufa associado ao manejo da cana-de-açúcar na localidade de Barretos-SP, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Aplicação de luz na faixa do vermelho-extremo em mudas e diferentes sistemas de condução do tomateiro cultivado em ambiente protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Efeitos de sistemas de condução sobre o crescimento, produção, qualidade dos frutos e custos de instalação de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims, f. flavicarpa Deg)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS