Development of ovule, fruit and seed of Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) and taxonomic considerations

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The optimal lysine and threonine intake for Cobb broiler breeder hens using Reading model

This study aimed to determine the optimal intake of lysine and threonine for broiler breeder hens. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of birds to digestible lysine (Lys) and threonine (Thr). Eight treatments were assessed in both experiments, with six replicates of eight birds in the Lys experiment and ten birds in the Thr experiment. The dietary levels of Lys and Thr were obtained by a dilution technique. The experimental period was ten weeks for each amino acid studied, which included six weeks of adaptation and four weeks of data collection. The amino acid intake, egg mass and body weight were adjusted using a Reading model. Based on the model coefficients, the cost of the synthetic amino acids sources and the price of fertile eggs determined the intake of each amino acid to maximize. The minimum intake of Lys and Thr reduced egg production by 40 and 30%, respectively, the weight of the eggs decreased by 12 and 9% with the same intake of Lys and Thr, respectively. The models generated by predicting Lys and Thr intake were as follows: Lys=11 x E+31 x W and Thr=9.5 x E+32 x W, where E=egg mass, g/bird per day, and W=body weight, kg/bird. Based on the models, 3 kg birds with an egg mass production of 50 g/day require 643 mg/bird per day of Lys and 569 mg/bird per day of Thr. The optimum economic intake was calculated at 954 and 834 mg/bird per day for Lys and Thr, respectively, reflecting a dietary concentration of 0.636% Lys and 0.556% Thr for a feed intake of 150 g/bird per day. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The increase of dairy intake is the main dietary factor associated with reduction of body weight in overweight adults after lifestyle change program

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The ability of Nile tilapia to regulate protein and energy intake evaluated by carbon relative enrichement

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of mango loss (Mangifera indica L.) in the retail market of Botucatu-SP

Losses in the mango commercialization process in Brazil has reduced its offer to the consumer. The present study aims at determining these losses in different purchase sites of the retail market, its causes and suggestions for reducing them. Twenty two retail points, including supermarkets, greengroceries and free fair were selected in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The total amount commercialized was 114 ton/year. The following average losses were verified for each mango variety: 'Tommy Atkins'(11, 5%), Haden (12, 4%) and 12, 7% for other varieties. The total loss in retail market reached US$ 25.231,00 corresponding to 14 tons. The average loss percentage observed is compatible with previous studies running in other cities. The results suggest the need of better management, the exposure of the fruit to the consumer, technology in the transportation of the fruits and most appropriate storage for maintaining the quality and the reduction of losses. The results show the need of higher investment in technical personnel reskilling in fruit and vegetable sector.

Radiação gama na conservação pós-colheita da nectarina (Prunus persica var. Nucipersica) frigoconservada

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças do Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - Câmpus de Botucatu, tendo como objetivo principal a caracterização do comportamento da radiação gama, na conservação pós-colheita da nectarina cv. Sunred. Os frutos foram colhidos no início do estádio de maturação, selecionados, limpos, pré-resfriados (4ºC por 12 horas) e submetidos a diferentes doses de radiação gama, constituindo assim os tratamentos: 1 0,0 kGy, 2 - 0,2 kGy, 3 - 0,4 kGy, 4 - 0,6 kGy, 5 - 0,8 kGy, sendo após armazenados em câmara fria com temperaturas de 0ºC e 90-95% de UR, por 28 dias. As análises foram realizadas a cada sete dias, determinando-se o aspecto visual dos frutos, a perda de massa fresca, a firmeza de polpa, a acidez total titulável (ATT), os sólidos solúveis totais (STT) e a razão STT/ATT. Após 28 dias de armazenamento, verificou-se que os frutos submetidos à dose de 0,4 kGy apresentaram o melhor aspecto visual, as menores perdas de massa fresca, e a maior firmeza de polpa, não ocorrendo, entretanto, variações significativas nos teores de acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e nos valores da razão SST/ATT.

Avaliação das perdas de manga (Mangifera indica L.) no mercado varejista da cidade de Botucatu-SP

O elevado percentual de perdas na comercialização de manga no Brasil faz com que apenas parcela da produção chegue à mesa do consumidor. O presente trabalho determinou, em equipamentos de varejo da cidade de Botucatu - SP, as perdas de manga, suas causas e emitir sugestões para a redução das mesmas. Foram selecionados 22 equipamentos entre supermercados, quitanda/sacolões e feiras livres. O volume estimado de manga comercializada neste município foi 114 t/ano. Verificaram-se as seguintes perdas médias por variedade de manga: 11,5% para 'Tommy Atkins', 12,4% para 'Haden' e 12,7% para as outras variedades. O valor total anual destas perdas no comércio varejista da cidade, em 2007, atingiu R$ 49.200,00 (US$ 25.231,00), correspondente a 14 toneladas. Os percentuais médios de perda mostram grande semelhança quando comparados a estudos realizados em outras localidades. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de melhor gestão de estoques, de exposição da fruta para o consumidor e uso de tecnologia no transporte e armazenagem para a manutenção da qualidade e redução das perdas. Conclui-se também pela necessidade de maiores investimentos em capacitação técnica dos encarregados do setor de frutas e hortaliças.

Caracterização da polpa de pêssegos produzidos em São Manuel-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelo sistêmico de ocorrência de ações coletivas: um estudo multicaso na comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Temperatura, embalagem e radiação gama na conservação pós-colheita de maná cubiu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade pós-colheita do Maná cubiu frigorificado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características pós-colheita em frutos de pitaya orgânica submetida a diferentes doses de irradiação

The objective was to evaluate the influence of different irradiation doses in post-harvest characteristics of pitaya organic species Hylocereus undatus grown in the municipality of Itajobi - SP. The experiment was conducted at the Fruit and Vegetable Department of Agribusiness Management and Technology - FCA / UNESP - Botucatu - SP from December 2008 to January 2009. The radiation process was conducted at the Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) located in Sao Paulo. The design was randomized blocks with six treatments and three replications. The fruits were harvested on the third day after onset of color, selected, cleaned, packed in polystyrene trays covered with PVC film, pre - cooled (8 ° C for 24 hours) and subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation (0.0; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 kGy of cobalt-60) and subsequently stored in cold temperature of 8 degrees C, with relative humidity of about 85 ± 5%. The fruits were evaluated at twenty days after irradiation for pH, soluble solids (SS), Titratable Acidity (TA), ratio (SS / TA) and percentage loss of mass (weight). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no statistically significant differences (p <0.05) for pH (4.82), soluble solids (11.33) Titratable acidity (0.12) and ratio (79.42) compared to non-irradiated fruit. Regarding the percentage of loss of mass (weight), the highest among the patients treated irradiated with 0.8 kGy (12.12%), whereas for treatment at a dose of 0.0 kGy (irradiated) showed a lower loss weight (11.59%), a result that differs significantly (P <0.05) from the remaining doses of irradiation. The loss of mass (weight) of fruit irradiated with other doses was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).

Dietary intake association with IFG and responses of a lifestyle changing protocol in a community-b based adult cohort

Objective: Investigate the association of diet on Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and response of a lifestyle changing protocol (LISC) on a community sample of adults. Methods: A cross sectional study of LISC was conducted with 1004 subjects. From those, 264 adults individuals participated in a 20-week intervention based on physical exercises and dietary counseling and were divided in three groups, normoglycemic, IFG, and T2DM. Evaluations were done at baseline (M0) and after a 20-week intervention (M1). The analyses were performed by using SAS, version 9.2., and results were discussed based on the level of significance of p<0.05. Results: At baseline, the three groups differed for plasma triglycerides, and number of altered metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. T2DM differed from normoglicemic by presenting higher intake of meat, lower of sugar, and less dietary variety, along with higher plasma levels of uric acid. After 20-week intervention, normoglicemics, IFG and T2DM responded similarly to LISC. Both genders increased body fatness. Men increased fasting plasma insulin, saturated fatty acid intake, along with a decrease of vegetable oil intake while women showed a significant increase in HEI and dietary fiber intake and a trend to higher sugar and protein intake and lower vegetable oil intake. Overall T2DM decreased 68% from M0 (9.5%) to M1 (6.4%) of LISC. Conclusion: Our data showed a significant difference in food composition on altered plasma glucose, and its further normalization with lifestyle intervention was independent of significant body weight and body fat changes.

Water intake behavior of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress and drinking from bell or and nipple drinkers

The aspects involved in broiler water intake are not well known, despite the importance of water in animal nutrition and physiology. Water intake behavior should be taken into account when deciding on different types of drinkers. Bell and nipple drinkers are the most commonly used in commercial broiler production. Broilers were housed in cages equipped with two different drinker types and raised at two different environmental temperatures (25 and 34 ºC) to evaluate water intake behavior and volume. Broiler water intake behavior was influenced by drinker type. Birds visited bell drinkers less often, but presented higher total water intake per visit to the drinker as compared to those drinking from nipple drinkers. The results of this study suggest that both broilers drinking behavior and water intake volume should be taken into account when deciding on drinker type to equip broiler houses.

Organic and inorganic sources of zinc, copper and selenium in diets for dairy cows: intake, blood metabolic profile, milk yield and composition

The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of feeding dairy cows with organic or inorganic sources of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) on blood concentrations of these minerals, blood metabolic profiles, nutrient intake and milk yield and composition. Nineteen Holstein cows were selected and randomly assigned to two groups for receiving organic (n = 9) or inorganic (n = 10) sources of Zn, Cu and Se from 60 days before the expected date of calving to 80 days of lactation. Samples of feed, orts and milk were collected for analysis. Body condition score (BCS) was determined and blood samples were collected for analysis of Zn, Cu and Se concentrations, as well as for metabolic profile. Supplying organic or inorganic sources of Zn, Cu, and Se did not affect dry matter and nutrient intake, blood metabolic profile, milk yield and composition, plasma concentration of these minerals, and BCS or change the BCS in cows from 60 days before the expected date of calving to 80 days of lactation. An effect of time was observed on all feed intake variables, plasma concentrations of Zn and Se, milk yield, milk protein content, BCS and change in BCS.