Assessment of anaerobic power of swimmers: the correlation of laboratory tests on an arm ergometer with field tests in a swimming fool

The aim of this study was to verify the correlation between the Wingate arm crank test outputs (peak power, mean power, and fatigue index), obtained on a specific ergometer, and the performance in crawl stroke swim sprints of 14, 25, 50, and 400 m. The experiment was conducted with 9 healthy male volunteers (18.1 +/- 2.2 years of age; 172 +/- 0.04 cm; 67.7 +/- 5.92 kg and 15.7 +/- 4.57% body fat). on determined days, all individuals were submitted to the Wingate arm crank test and crawl freestyle sprints of 14, 25, 50, and 400 m as they were timed with a stopwatch. The peak power, the mean power, and the fatigue index, which were obtained during the Wingate arm crank test, were not significantly correlated with the maximum swim velocities during the crawl free-style tests of 14 (r = 0.40; r = 0.64; r = 0.11), 25 (r = 0.28; r = 0.39; r = -0.27), 50 (r = 0.03; r = 0.09; r = -0.31), and 400 (r = -0.52; r = -0.37; r = -0.65) m respectively. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the Wingate arm crank test is not suitable to assess the anaerobic power of swimmers under the described experimental conditions.

Use of cecal microflora cultured under aerobic or anaerobic conditions in the control of experimental infection of chicks with Salmonella Enteritidis

One-day-old broiler chicks received cecal microflora (CM) cultured under aerobic, anaerobic conditions, or both (mixed) and were then infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, in order to compare the efficacy of these different types of culture in terms of the number of chicks infected, cecal colonization and faecal excretion of the challenging bacteria. Regardless of culture type, CM always led to a smaller number of S. Enteritidis for any of the parameters studied compared to untreated chicks. Aerobic CM demonstrated better efficacy in reducing the number of infected chicks and cecal colonization by S. Enteritidis, followed by mixed CM. No difference was observed in faecal excretion of S. Enteritidis between the chicks that received different types of CM culture. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Hematological parameters and anaerobic threshold in Brazilian soccer players throughout a training program

We assessed the responses of hematological parameters and their relationship to the anaerobic threshold of Brazilian soccer players during a training program. Twelve athletes were evaluated at the beginning (week 0, T1), in the middle (week 6, T2), and at the end (week 12, T3) of the soccer training program. on the first day at 7:30 AM, before collecting the blood sample at rest for the determination of the hematological parameters, the athletes were conducted to the anthropometric evaluation. on the second day at 8:30 AM, the athletes had their anaerobic threshold measured. Analysis of variance with Newman-Keuls'post hoc was used for statistical comparisons between the parameters measured during the soccer training program. Correlations between the parameters analyzed were determined using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Erythrocytes concentration, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly increased from T1 to T2. The specific soccer training program led to a rise in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit from T1 to T2. We assumed that these results occurred due to the plasma volume reduction and may be explained by the soccer training program characteristics. Furthermore, we did not observe any correlation between the anaerobic threshold and the hematological parameters.

Germination and anaerobic metabolism of seeds of Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC subjected to flooding and anoxia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anaerobic contribution during maximal anaerobic running test: correlation with maximal accumulated oxygen deficit

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Electrocoagulation/flotation followed by fluidized bed anaerobic reactor applied to tannery effluent treatment

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anaerobic threshold estimation by statistical modelling.

Anaerobic threshold (AT) is usually estimated as a change point problem by visual analysis of the cardiorespiratory response to incremental dynamic exercise. In this study, two phase linear (TPL) models of the linear-linear and linear-quadratic type were used for the estimation of AT. The correlation coefficient between the classical and statistical approaches was 0.88, and 0.89 after outlier exclusion. The TPL models provide a simple method for estimating AT that can be easily implemented using a digital computer for the automatic pattern recognition of AT.

Anaerobic microorganisms in root canals of human teeth with chronic apical periodontitis detected by indirect immunofluorescence

Aiming to assess the presence of selected anaerobic microorganisms in root canals of human teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, 25 central and lateral upper incisors presenting with radiographic evidence of chronic apical periodontitis were studied. The pulp chamber was opened under aseptic conditions and samples of the root canal content were collected with sterile absorbent paper points, which were placed and dispersed in test tubes containing reduced transport medium (RTF). Aliquots were dried on glass slides and stained by indirect immunofluorcscencc for detection of Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The results showed a positive indirect immunofluorescence reaction in 24 of the 25 samples. Fourteen were positive for the specie Actinomyces viscosus, 12 for Prevotella intermedia, 10 for Fusobacterium nucleatum and 4 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. A semiquantitative assay was easily implemented for assessment of degree of infection by the organisms in individual cases. © Munksgaard, 1996.

Assessment of Anaerobic Power of Swimmers: The Correlation of Laboratory Tests on an Arm Ergometer with Field Tests in a Swimming Pool

The aim of this study was to verify the correlation between the Wingate arm crank test outputs (peak power, mean power, and fatigue index), obtained on a specific ergometer, and the performance in crawl stroke swim sprints of 14, 25, 50, and 400 m. The experiment was conducted with 9 healthy male volunteers (18.1 ± 2.2 years of age; 172 ± 0.04 cm; 67.7 ± 5.92 kg and 15.7 ± 4.57% body fat). On determined days, all individuals were submitted to the Wingate arm crank test and crawl freestyle sprints of 14, 25, 50, and 400 m as they were timed with a stopwatch. The peak power, the mean power, and the fatigue index, which were obtained during the Wingate arm crank test, were not significantly correlated with the maximum swim velocities during the crawl freestyle tests of 14 (r = 0.40; r = 0.64; r = 0.11), 25 (r = 0.28; r = 0.39; r = -0.17), 50 (r = 0.03; r = 0.09; r = -0.31), and 400 (r = -0.52; r = -0.37; r = -0.65) m, respectively. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the Wingate arm crank test is not suitable to assess the anaerobic power of swimmers under the described experimental conditions.

Assessment of anaerobic sewage sludge quality for agricultural application after metal bioleaching

The effects of metal bioleaching on nutrient solubilization, especially nitrogen and phosphorous, from anaerobically-digested sewage sludge were investigated in this work. The assessment of the sanitary quality of the anaerobic sludge after bioleaching was also carried out by enumerating indicator (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci) and total heterotrophic bacteria. The experiments of bioleaching were performed using indigenous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus spp.) as inoculum and samples of anaerobically-digested sludge. Nitrogen and phosphorous solubilization from sewage sludge was assessed by measuring, respectively, the concentration of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, and soluble and total phosphorous before and after the bioleaching assays. At the end of the experiment, after 4 days of incubation (final pH of 1.4), the following metal solubilization yields were obtained: zinc, 91%; nickel, 87%; copper, 79%; lead, 52%; and chromium, 42%. As a result of sludge acidification, the viable counts of selected indicator bacteria were decreased to below the detection limit (4 × 103 cfu 100 ml-1), followed by an increase in the mineral fraction of nitrogen (from 6 to 10%) and in the soluble fraction of phosphorous (from 15 to 30%). Although some loss of sludge nutrients can occur during solid-liquid separation following bioleaching, its beneficial effects as metal removal and reduction of pathogenic bacteria are sufficient to consider the potential of this treatment before sludge disposal onto agricultural fields.