Concentração de sais da soluçtiao avaliada pela condutividade elétrica na zona radicular do crisântema sob irrigação por gotejamento

The effects of salt concentration levels in electrical conductivity (EC) were evaluated in chrysanthemum root, cultivated in substrate using two sampling methods, under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in Paranapanema, São Paulo using the experimental design in randomized blocks and four replications. The treatments consisted of eight sampling periods of substrate solutions in pots: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after strike root and five salt concentration levels of applied saline solution: 1.42; 1.65; 1.89; 2.13 and 2.36 dS m -1 in the vegetative period and during the reproduction period of flower budding: 1.71; 1.97; 2.28; 2.57 and 2.85 dS m -1. The substrate solution EC monitoring was done using two methods: solution extractors and 1:2 water diluted solution. The use of solution extractors and 1:2 water diluted solution allowed substrate solution EC monitoring along the culture cycle; the amount of salt concentration applied in the substrate caused the substrate salinity increase; the method using solution extractors presented higher EC values in the substrate.

Estudo da bula de medicamentos: Uma análise da situação

This study was carried out in the city of Araraquara (SP, Brazil), where 1829 people selected randomly from 42 districts were interviewed with regard to their use of medicines, in particular whether and how they read the insert information sheet and the most frequently read items and problems encountered in the text. Surveys were performed in two stages, the first when package inserts were regulated in Brazil by Portaria SVS 110/1997 (Ministry of Health directive) and the second after the new regulation (RDC 140/2003) came into force. Out of 1829 people interviewed, 1597 reported using some medicine. The markedly similar results in both stages of the research pointed to the difficulties encounteved in reading the package inserts, due to the small letters, the obscure language and the massive amount of information. This paper shows that package inserts of medicines need to be simpler, so the patients have an idea of the importance of the medicine and are able to realize soon any problem that might appear due to the use of the medicine and what action they should take. Furthermore, it will be helpful to the evaluation of the package inserts of medicines, elaborated in conformity with RDC 140, if they work effectively as a source of information and guidance for the patient are not simply given a new layout, while maintaining items that impede their understanding and use.