112 resultados para Trivalent


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Solid state Ln-4-Me-BP compounds, where Ln stands for heavier trivalent lanthanides (gadolinium to lutetium) and yttrium(III) and 4-Me-BP is 4-methylbenzylidenepyruvate (CH3-C6H4-CH=CH-COCOO-), have been synthesized. Elemental analysis, complexometry, X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), have been used to characterise and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results provided information concerning the stoichiometry, crystallinity, ligand's denticity, thermal stability and thermal decomposition. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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The protonation constants of benzylidenepyruvate, 2-chloro-, 4-chlorobenzylidinepyruvate and cinnamylidenepyruvate as well as the stability constants of their binary 1:1 complexes with Cu(II), La(III), Pr(III), Sm(III), Lu(III), Sc(III) and Th(IV) have been determined spectrophotometrically in an aqueous medium at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.500 M, held with sodium perchlorate. Coordination centres in the aforementioned ligands are suggested. © 1995.

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Solid-state LnL(3) compounds, where L is 2-metboxybenzoate and Ln is light trivalent lanthanides, have been synthesized. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetty (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and elementary analysis were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information on the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds. on heating these complexes decompose in three (Ce, Pr) or five (La, Nd, Sm) steps with the formation of the respective oxide: CeO2, Pr6O11 and Ln(2)O(3) (Ln=La, Nd, Sm) as final residues. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic study suggests predominantly the ionic bond between the ligand and metallic center.

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Solid state Ln-DMBP compounds, where Ln represents trivalent lanthanides (except for promethium) and yttrium, and DMBP is 4-dimethylaminobenzylidenepyruvate, were prepared. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and other methods of analysis were used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds. © 1993.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the skin, liver and kidney histology of young pacus supplemented in diet with trivalent chromium and to evaluate the residue of chromium in water effluent. Randomised delineation by using factorial scheme 4x2, with four levels of chromium (0, 6, 12, 18 mg/L), two stocking densities (4 and 20 kg/m(3)), and four repetitions were used. Pacus with 100 g were used, for 90 days. An increase of the number of mucus cells and club cells in the epidermis of the pacus supplemented with 18 chromium mg/kg was observed in any stocking density. The same effect was observed in the liver, and in the highest density (20 kg/m(3)) the alterations already occurred at the level of 6 mg/kg with the inclusion of chromium, initially with congestion of sinusoids and getting worse at the level of 18 mg/kg with necrosis. The kidney didn't present visible morphologic alterations when supplemented and submitted to the stocking densities. The concentration of chromium in the effluent of pacus was 3.27 mu g/L in the higher level of supplementation (18 mg/L). In conclusion the level of 18 supplement mg/kg was not shown beneficial to the growth of pacus and the stocking density, due to the possible stress, accelerated the alteration histology process of tissues.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O estudo da adição de dopantes trivalentes é uma das principais pesquisas na área de varistores. Vários autores têm buscado entender os efeitos destes dopantes nas propriedades elétricas e microestruturais destas cerâmicas eletrônicas. Tanto metais de transição quanto terras raras são adicionados em cerâmicas à base de SnO2 a fim de verificar o seu comportamento. O que se tem observado é que alguns destes óxidos tais como Cr2O3 e La2O3 melhoram significativamente as propriedades elétricas dos varistores, enquanto que outros como o Bi2O3 e Er2O3, por exemplo, não produzem tal efeito. A evolução do desempenho do comportamento varistor tem sido também atribuída às espécies de oxigênio produzidas pela reação com estes dopantes. Esta revisão apresenta resultados de estudos recentes do comportamento varistor frente a adição de metais doadores.