Avaliação da vacinação anti-rábica e da suplementação com probiótico na resposta imune humoral em bovinos

This study evaluated the humoral immune response of a new rabies vaccine developed by the Instituto Butantan (potency of 3.27 UI/ml) in primovaccinated cattle and the effect of probiotic on this response. Thirty-four 15-month old Nelore cattle were randomly divided into 2 groups (17 animals/group). All the animals were vaccinated on day 0 (zero) and then animals in one group received probiotic added to a mineral mixture (GP) while the others were given only the mineral mixture (GC). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 75 and 150 for rabies neutralizing antibodies titers by seroneutralization assay on BHK21 cells (RFFIT). Protective antibody titers (>= 0.5 UI/mL) were found in 82.4% of the animals from GP and in 76.5% of the animals from GC and no statistical difference (p>0.05) between antibody titers in GP and GC was detected on days 75 and 150. It was also observed that in both groups antibody titers was decreased on day 150 (p<0.01). In conclusion, the tested rabies vaccine promotes efficient soroconversion and keeps antibody levels in primovaccinated cattle, but probiotic does not affect the humoral anti-rabies immune response.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes como efeito da profundidade e suplementação do substrato

The objective of the present study was to assess the rate of mycelium development of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as an effect of depth and supplementation of the sugar cane bagasse substrate with different amounts of rice bran and sugar cane molasses. The experimental design consisted in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme (seven levels of bran or molasses x two growth phases) using autoclavable glass flasks to keep the substrates. The proportions of rice bran tested were: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40% (dry weight/bagasse dry weight), and the concentrations of sugar cane molasses were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g/kg substrate. Graph paper strips externally slicked to the flask were used to measure the mycelial development. To differentiate the growth as a function of depth, the mycelial development was divided into two phases: an initial one (upper half of the flask) and a final one (lower half). The rate of mycelium formation was always higher in the early growth than in the final phase regardless of the amount of supplement. High bran proportions reduced the rate of mycelium formation, especially during the final phase, and sugar cane molasses did not affect growth rate.

Efeito de estratégia de suplementação com concentrado no desempenho de cabras mestiças Saanen, em dois sistemas de produção

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performances of cross breed Saanen dairy goats submitted to two strategies of supplementation with concentrate 30% of daily requirements in net energy (NRC, 1981) supplied by concentrate, from third week until the end of lactation (ESC. 1) or 60% of requirements from the 3rd to the 13th week of lactation and 15% from 14th until the end of lactation (ESC.2); and evaluate the animal response to these strategies of supplementation with concentrate in a semi-confined or pasture systems. Thirty one animals were used in a completely randomized design. The system of production affected the total intake of concentrate and total milk production; at pasture system the values for these two variables were higher. The supplementation with concentrate affected the total intake of concentrate and total production of milk and the relation of milk/consumption of concentrate. The highest value for relation of milk/consumption of concentrate and the least for the total consumption of concentrate were obtained at ESC. 1. Body weight affected of the system of production, resulting in a higher value to the system of pasture. Weight and body condition had different responses to he supplementation with concentrate according to the system of production. The semi-confined system ESC.2 resulted in a higher value to the body condition; the body weight was no affected. At pasture system the highest values for weight and body condition were obtained in the supplementation with concentrate ESC. 1. Reproductive parameters did not affect supplementation with concentrate and system of production.

Uso da suplementação de LH recombinante na estimulação ovariana com protocolos de FSH recombinante e agonistas do GnRH: Uma revisão da literatura

The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy of recombinant LH (r-LH) supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and GnRH-agonist (GnRH-a) protocol for IVF/ICSI cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1990 to 2006. Four trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria (Lisi et al. 2002, Humaidan et al. 2004, Marrs et al. 2004, Tarlatzis et al. 2006). When the review was carried out advantages were observed for the r-LH supplementation protocol with respect to a fewer days of stimulation, a fewer total amount of r-FSH administered and a higher serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration. However, these differences were not observed in number of oocyte retrieved, number of mature oocytes, clinical pregnancy per oocyte retrieval, implantation and miscarriage rates. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials are necessary before evidence-based recommendations regarding exogenous r-LH supplementation in ovarian stimulation protocols with r-FSH and GnRH-a for assisted reproduction treatment can be provided.

Desempenho ponderal de novilhas mestiças Holandês x Zebu submetidas a duas estratégias de suplementação mineral

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da suplementação com selênio sobre a concentração sérica de creatina kinase em bovinos

The study, evaluated the addition of different concentrations of Se in mineral mixture affecting creatine kinase (CK) serum concentrations in cattle. 60 male, Nellore cattle, at about 12 months old, were randomly assigned to groups (15 calves/ group), Gc, G3,6, G5,4 or G6,4 (0, 3.6, 5.4, and 6.4 mg Se/bovine/day). The levels of serum CK in the cattle were not affected by neither the interaction selenium concentration x time nor the concentration of supplementation. However, CK levels increased over the experiment irrespective of dietary selenium concentration. In addition, the frequency of animals with CK levels above normal increased (p<0.10) in group G6,4. The concentrations of selenium studied here do not affect serum CK in cattle, but the daily concentration of 6.4 mg selenium is not recommended because it is possibly toxic effect.

Desempenho de bovinos em pastejo submetidos a duas frequências de suplementação no período da seca

This work was carried out to evaluate different frequencies of supplementation during the dry season. Forty-eight Nellore steers with 320 kg of initial live weight were fed with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture on a continuous stocking rate. The animals were submitted to following treatments: Daily supplementation and supplementation three times a week. The animals in both treatments received 7 kg of supplementation animal -1 weekly, and were weighted at 28-day intervals. The data were analyzed by the MIXED procedure in SAS (2004), with measurements repeated over time. The study observed average forage allowance of 4.2 tons of DM ha-1, with 3.5% CP, 82.24% NDF and 64.97% ADF. There was no difference (p < 0.01) among daily weight gains of animals who received daily supplementation and those received supplementation three times a week (0.23 and 0.13 kg day -1, respectively). Therefore, the supplementation intervals did not influence steer performance during the dry season.

Exame eletrocardiográfico em equinos da raça puro sangue Árabe submetidos ao exercício em esteira de alta velocidade e à suplementação com vitamina E

The effect of physical exercise, training and vitamin E supplementation on electrocardiographic parameters was evaluated in eight untrained Arabian mares, divided into two groups: control (n=4) and supplemented with vitamin E (n=4) at the daily dose of 1.000 UI. Animals were submitted to an incremental exercise test (P1) on high-speed treadmill inclined +7%, after that to a training period of 20 days and later to a new incremental exercise test (P2). Analysis and interpretation of electrocardiographic tracings were performed regarding the rhythm, heart rate, duration and amplitude of waves and intervals, before, immediately after and 30 min after the incremental exercise. A reduction of the rest heart rate was observed after training. There was no effect of vitamin E supplementation on electrocardiographic parameters. Results indicated that the electrocardiogram was efficient in detention of cardiac alterations promoted by the physical exercise, but more studies are needed to elucidate its clinical meaning.

Efeito da suplementação sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho de bezerros lactentes mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha

This study evaluated the effect of supplementation and the type of supplement on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating calves fed with Brachiara brizantha cv. Marandu pasture from February to May. The treatments were: supplementation in creep-feeding with protein concentrate, with energy concentrate, with energy-protein concentrate and without concentrate. In a Latin square design, four Canchim calves were kept in individual pens, receiving marandu hay and controlled suckling twice a day. The performance was evaluated in a completely randomized design, with 23 calves kept with the cows. Higher intake and nutrients digestibility (65% of dry mater digestibility) and calf performance (live weight gain of 0.98 kg day-1) were obtained with energyprotein concentrate, and the cows kept weight and body reserves during the experiment. The protein concentrate did not show good results, and was lower than the performance of calves without supplementation - 0.56 and 0.77 kg day-1, respectively. The performance of calves without supplementation was similar to calves receiving energy concentrate, but the cows lost more body weight and energy reserves. The supplementation with energy-protein concentrate for lactating calves fed with Brachiara brizantha cv. Marandu during the beginning of the dry season was benefifical for the performance of calves and cows.

Efeitos terapêuticos da suplementação de L-arginina nas doenças cardiovasculares e endócrino-metabólicas

Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine and plays an important role in blood pressure regulation, platelets aggregation and atherosclerosis development. Most of the studies have shown that the beneficial effects of the L-arginine supplementation are related to an increasing of nitric oxide bioavailability to the cells, improving the endothelial dysfunction, decreasing oxidative stress, ameliorating lipid profile and insulin resistance. However some studies show conflicting results. Considering the role of the endothelium on the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular diseases as well as on the endocrine-metabolic diseases, this review will update studies involving the role of nitric oxide and its signaling pathways in the regulation of vascular function. Furthermore, this review will focus on the main results of the clinical trials using oral L-arginine supplementation, with or without physical exercise, in an attempt to obtain beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic systems in patients and healthy subjects.

Suplementação de acidificantes em rações de leitões desmamados: Desempenho e digestibilidade

In two experimental assays it was evaluated the diet acidifier supplementation effect on performance (assay 1) and on nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (assay 2). During 42 days in assay 1, 120 piglets weaned at 21-days years old were allotted in8eight experimental block design with3three pigs per experimental unit. The treatments were a control and4four acidified diets. In assay 2,0ten piglets with an average weight of 16,4 kg were allotted in two experimental block design receiving two treatments under five replications (control diet without acidifier or supplied with 1,0% fumaric acid). On performance study the fumaric acid inclusion in the diet permitted a feed intake increase from 0 to 15 days, and weight gain from 0 to 32 days and from 0 to 42 days. In assay 2, the diet 1,0% of fumaric acid inclusion did not modified the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and moreover diet chemical compounds. The similar apparent digestibility coefficient of dietetic nutrients with the acidifier inclusio, probabl, occurred due to the short period of evaluation. The fumaric acid inclusion in weaned piglet diets improved performance of piglets.

Crescimento, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas mestiças holandês x zebu, em pastejo, submetidas à suplementação protéica durante a época das águas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental protein during the rainy season on body growth, ingestive behavior and reproductive performance of crossbred Gir x Holstein dairy heifers, with mean age of 21 ± 4.1 months and average initial body weight of 296.7 ± 57.3 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates per treatment. Heifers remained on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, managed according to a rotational grazing system and, as treatment, it was supplemented with protein concentrate (34%, 43%, 56% and 66% BW) and level of supply of 0.30% body weight (BW). The animals were weighed and the mean weight of the lot was used for the calculation of adjustment of the amount of concentrate offered. Heifers that reached 330.0 kg of live weight were artificially inseminated and, 45 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed for the calculation of pregnancy rate and age at conception. No significant difference of protein levels was observed on grazing, eating behavior, productive performance and age at conception of dairy heifers on pasture. The average daily weight gain of BW and age at conception were, on average, 0.907 kg/animal and 24.03 months, respectively.

Efeito da suplementação de betaína em dietas de frangos de corte em condições de termoneutralidade

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of betaine in broiler diets on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers during periods 1 to 7 and 8 to 21 days old. Were used 1,408 Cobb male broiler, randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 16 replicates of 22 birds in environmental chambers. The treatments were: i) positive control - diet formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the birds; ii) negative control - with reduction levels of methionine and choline; iii) negative control + 0.092% supplementation of betaine in substitution of methionine and total choline; iv) negative control + 0.1% supplementation of natural betaine to replace partial methionine and total choline. Were evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion at 7 and 21 days old. At 25 days were evaluated crypt height and depth of jejunum. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and mean comparison test. The results obtained with the supplementation of betaine in the feed only demonstrated a positive effect on feed consumption during 1 to 7 days, and villous height of the jejunum in the period of 8 to 21 days. Supplementation of 0.1% betafin (96% natural betaine) in the diet provided significant improvements in the morphological characteristics of the small intestine of broilers.

Efeito da suplementação de taurina na oxidação de substratos energéticos e no desempenho de atletas nadadores

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Bacillus cereus e Bacillus subtilis na suplementação dietária de juvenis de Tilápias-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e seu efeito probiótico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)