Processo de fabricação de tarugos pelo método HotTop de ligas de alumínio da série 6XXX e as não conformidades desse processamento

The goal of this work is to report some problems that occur in the in the production of aluminum billets (series 6XXX) produced by the hot top process in the Alcoa aluminum Inc. The aluminum fabrication process is described from its first stage, since the mining until the reduction, smelting and treatment of the metal. One of the plant’s final product, are billets for clients that produce profiles by extrusion. The product’s final quality highly depends on the whole production process. Therefore it’s necessary to use good practices in the treatment of the metal, follow up its fabrication and control its thermal treatment, in order to meet the required standards to satisfy the clients. The billet’s production method and its variables will be detailed through temperature and casting speed, cone of water flow, cooling rate, duration of thermal treatment, degassing and metal “in line “filtering, in other words when it’s still found in its liquid state. The non-conformities of the process were studied by metallographic analysis, both macrostutural and microstructural that will be described and discussed in this work

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Análise do conforto térmico da cidade de Mirandópolis/SP em seus espaços abertos

Mirandópolis/SP appeared in 1934 from the railroad “the Brazil Northwest”, that there it served one of the points of its stretch that had as main function to drain the agricultural production northwestern native of São Paulo of that time. The installation of the town happened absent of concerns with initial urbanístico planning, thus modifying its natural landscape and modifying characteristic ambient without compensatory measures aiming at a future expansion of the urban mesh. Fact this that still causes today consequences the quality of life of the people and also the observed thermal comfort later. Ahead of this, the present work had for objective to identify through measurements of temperature and relative humidity of the city of Mirandópolis/SP the differences that in the fabric urban they corroborate for a comfort situation or thermal discomfort to the outdoors in accordance with the Diagram Bioclimático de Olgyay the collection of data was made throughout the month of July of 2011 involving the attainment of information of Temperature and relative humidity of air and questionnaire applied to the passer-bys in the act of the measurements. Also approaching the different thermal dynamic of the zones of housing in relation to the Urban Cannyon that develops the commerce as predominant activity. This research sample that, although a city to be small, the quality of life of its inhabitants is not only guaranteed by the transport or that its thermal comfort reveals inside homogeneous of the urban perimeter, but that it has yes heterogeneidade in the scope of the urban climate in these spaces

CABARET Casa Noturna e Restaurante

O presente trabalho consiste na elaboração de um projeto de uma casa noturna e restaurante, com uma temática, na cidade de Presidente Prudente. Ele é caracterizado por tratar-se de questões relativas à Arquitetura e Urbanismo, envolvendo os confortos ambientais, especialmente o acústico, e sua implantação em uma cidade média com uma grande população universitária, e que polariza várias cidades da sua região. Além disso, a construção de tal edificação tem como objetivo impulsionar o setor e contribuir para a consolidação do circuito de lazer noturno na cidade. O projeto apresenta dois serviços diferenciados que, no entanto se complementam – os serviços alimentícios e a danceteria. Em um primeiro momento mostram-se integrados, mas podendo funcionar separadamente. Levando em consideração a efemeridade e o dinamismo deste tipo de empreendimento, busca-se, através da arquitetura, solucionar os problemas técnicos referentes à acústica; buscando também atender os anseios e desejos de seus frequentadores, criando espaços de convívio e proporcionando diferentes sensações

Estudo de casos de seleção dos materiais e processos para a fabricação de fuselagens

This work proposes a study on the materials selections and processes for the manufacture of aircraft and showing a methodology to reduce the manufacturing cost. The DFMA can be understood as a methodology that aims at reducing manufacturing and assembly costs and coupled with the increase of product quality through design simplifications. The most commonly material used in the manufacture of aircraft is aluminum alloys due to these possess great structural strength, good elasticity, and being stainless having a low specific weight (about 1/3 that of steel), reducing the weight of the aircraft. A case study in which an operation in the process of verifying the quality was generating unnecessary costs time / man for the company was also developed. The problem solution was simple, just removing the attachment process. It was found that the DFMA methodology is extremely important for the simplification of processes and projects, contributing to the reduction of manufacturing costs of aircraft

Estudo da variação do limite de resistência à tração ao longo da bobina de vergalhão de alumínio 1350 AA

Therebar of aluminum 1350 AA produced by CBA are used inthe manufacture of wires and cables for electric power transmission, which marketshows increasingly favorableto aluminum due to itslow densityand high electrical conductivity, but to ensure that this materialmeets all specifications of projectsfor electricity transmission, it must have homogeneity in the chemicaland mechanicalproperties.One of the points of improvement in the process of rod production isreducing the high variation of the limitof tensile strengthalong the coils, therefore, this work seeks a better understanding of the factors that significantly influence the mechanical properties of rebar, specifically assessing the influence oftemperatureat the output of the coils, which can cause a recovery effect on the material andif thereare relevantdifferences between the two modes of rebar production: auto and manual.Samples of six coils have been specifically produced forthis study, which weresubsequently subjected to different annealing temperatures for one hour and ten minutes, similar to what occurs in the output of the coil from the machine. The tensile tests showed that aluminum 1350 AA is significantly influenced by temperature, whose behavior was very similar to that presented in the literature. It was found that the phenomenon of recovery occurred more significantly at high temperatures. Through the optical electron microscope Zeiss, 18 surface maps were made with 100x magnification for each sample in different conditions and the images were analyzed using entropy and fractal dimension, aiming to relate the condition of surface hardening on mechanical property of the samples in that condition. The results showed that these methods can be applied, provided they do not have any kind of imperfection on the surface, once they can influence the results. The study concluded that a more efficient cooling is required in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da usinagem do INCONEL 718

The nickel superalloys are known as being a material with poor machinability, they have some properties like high hardness, good resistance at high temperature, tendency to weld with the tool material at high temperature, etc. In the aerospace, biomedical and petrochemical industry, are increasing the need to use materials that resist to aggressive process and environment. In these uses, it has increased the use of nickel-based superalloys like Inconel 718 and consequently the need to research new techniques and tools to improve the machinability of this material. For the superalloys and resistant alloys at high temperatures is considered that the difficulty in the machining regards to the combination of the relatively high cutting forces and high temperatures that grow during the machine process, causing deformation or breakage of the cutting tool. This work purpose is to develop the study of the machining of external cylindrical turning of the nickel based alloy Inconel 718, using ceramic tools, seeking the optimization of machining this alloy, looking to provide real productive increases without the need of investments in new production means. The machining test were accomplished using commercials hard metal tools and the results were compared each other to find the best tool and the best parameter. The conclusion is that the tool TNMG160408-23 -class 1005- was the better one, when used with the parameter 60_15_08

Caracterização da liga do sistema binário Ti-15Mo para aplicações biomedicas

As they have excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, much research has been conducted with respect to biomedical applications of titanium alloys. This work aims to study the experimental system binary alloy Ti-15Mo, in the raw state of fusion and heat treatment after homogenization, solubilization and calcination (simulating conditions employed for nanotube growth) targeting biomedical applications. Samples were obtained by casting the components in an electric arc furnace with inert atmosphere of argon. After obtaining the alloy, it was heat treated at three different heat treatments, namely homogenizing, calcining and simulation solubilization. The phases present were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and microhardness testing

Estudo de caso do conforto térmico de dois modelos construtivos em madeira: wood frame e log home

O presente trabalho consiste em demonstrar valores referentes ao conforto ambiental de dois modelos construtivos, sendo o primeiro um edifício já executado e o outro em fase de implantação, ambos no Campus Experimental de Itapeva, aplicando alguns conceitos em habitação mais sustentáveis de madeira na região de Itapeva, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A edificação construída sedia duas salas de aula a partir da tipologia construtiva wood frame, constituída basicamente de paredes autoportantes compostas de ossatura de madeira tratada de pinus.sp, chapas estruturais em OSB, manta de isolamento térmico/acústico e fechamento interno e externo, respectivamente em gesso e sidding (lambris de madeira). A habitação em fase de início de implantação foi idealizada a partir da tipologia construtiva log-home, e atenderá a necessidade de espaço físico para abrigar o Centro Acadêmico e a empresa-júnior “PROMAD”, ambos do curso de Engenharia Industrial Madeireira do Campus Experimental da UNESP/Itapeva. Esta construção foi elaborada a partir de técnicas de baixo impacto ambiental, levando em consideração os resultados de análise térmica obtidos na edificação anterior. Em ambos modelos construtivos foram empregados recursos renováveis abundantes na região, como a madeira de reflorestamento de Pinus e de Eucalipto. Foi acrescentado ainda ao segundo modelo a utilização de resíduos industriais lignocelulósicos, como rolete de laminação e outros materiais locais disponíveis. A metodologia básica empregada para a obtenção de dados sobre o conforto térmico em relação as edificações foi, para o primeiro caso, a coleta de dados de temperatura e umidade utilizando um termo-higrômetro, a sistematização e análise de dados reais obtidos no interior da edificação. No segundo caso, o dimensionamento do conforto térmico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise microestrutural e propriedades mecânicas do aço DP 600

Seeking to meet the requirements: relatively low cost of materials and wide applicability in the automotive industry. The best option was the steel Dual Phase (DP), because that is lighter, have high formability, meet the cost requirements and applicability, steel Dual Phase (DP) came to meet these requirements with its two-phase microstructure, ferrite and martensite microstructure who claim to respect and mechanical properties. In this context, the aim of this study was to correlate the microstructure revealed in metallography to the mechanical properties observed in hardness and tensile tests. The microstructure is revealed by etching in 2% nital and then captured images of the sample were processed in ImageJ software to aid in determining the volume fraction of the phases present. Therefore, the mechanical properties were evaluated with respect to volume fraction of the steel layers and analyzed DP 600 together with the mechanical properties obtained by Rockwell hardness test and tensile test. With the values of the mechanical properties calculated and tested, it was possible to describe the method of metallography, as the attack phase and counts, so that it can use this relationship tested/calculated property as a qualitative analytical tool. The method used for the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties confirmed the importance of the phases present in the Dual Phase steel to obtain the desired mechanical properties in the application of the steel

Estudo do efeito do processo de shot peening na taxa de propagação de trinca por fadiga na liga aeronáutica 2024 - T3

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Modelagem do equilíbrio térmico de frangos de corte: um estudo da geração e transferência de calor

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Clima e vulnerabilidade socioespacial: uma avaliação dos fatores de risco na população urbana do município de São Luís (MA)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da reversão do fundo de latas de alumínio para bebidas - Buckle

This work approaches the main methods of plastic deformation of metals, with a focus on the deep drawing process. The mechanical properties were evaluated with the tension tests. It is presented the aluminum alloys designation, followed by applying heat treatments and the designation of tempers. The manufacture of aluminum beverage cans is described step by step, in general terms. The main objective is to analyze how different cans background geometries have great influence on the dome reversal. To be able to achieve the goal it was necessary to use cans of different manufacturers, which were used in buckle tests to obtain the reversal pressures, tensile tests and geometric analysis. Finally empirical equations were obtained correlating these variables, and it was observed that the conformation of reforming change significantly it's behavior

Estudo das alterações das propriedades mecânicas em aço A-516 grau 70 soldado e submetido a tratamento térmico de alívio de tensões

Pressure vessels are equipments that require a great care because of their high cost and human life risk in case of fail, and its fabrication methods are different for each manufacturer. Normally, pressure vessels and its parts are fabricated by welding, which may change local properties of metals. The head of a pressure vessel is a very important structural component and it is fabricated by welding and mechanical conformation. Because its excellent mechanical properties, de steel A-516 Grade 70 is often used in manufacturing of large pressure vessels that are subjected to high pressure and temperature, but was verified that its mechanical resistance is decreased when submitted to a tension relief heat treatment. By experience it was defined that before mechanical conformation of the head of a large pressure vessel, the steel should be submitted to a stress relief heat treatment in order to facilitate the mechanical conformation, but there is no quantitative analysis to prove this method and study its possible risks. In the present work the steel A-516 Grade 70 demonstrated a decrease of its mechanical resistance when submitted to a stress relief heat treatment, but keeping above the minimum limit defined in the literature. By other side its ductility was substantially increased, being possible to deduce that the stress relief heat treatment before mechanical conformation is a viable e recommended technique, but with reservations. With the data acquired during the fabrication e preparation of the specimen and the result of the tests, it was possible to elaborate a welding procedure that provides the same results obtained in this present work