220 resultados para Sistemas de manejo
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Corn cultivation is part of crop rotation used by irrigation farmers from the southwestern region of São Paulo state, Brazil, who use no-tillage soil management as a kind of sustainable use of soil. The effect of this conservative practice on physical and hydrical properties of the soil, root development and corn crop yield compared to the conventional management was the objective of this work. The experiment was held at the Buriti-Mirim Farm, Angatuba, SP, Brazil, using an irrigated area with a center pivot system and two types of soil management: conventional and no-tillage systems. Although the no-tillage management had higher soil density and less water availability, no significant difference was found for both management systems concerning soil resistance to penetration, root development and crop yield. In both systems of soil management, 90% of roots were concentrated in the first 0-20cm of soil layer.
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This work presents and it evaluates the systems of crop of sugar-cane trash for energy ends, through studies accomplished in three industries of sugar and alcohol, of the State of São Paulo, as withdrawal in the field and crop partially integral with separation of the trash in the industry (cleaning the dry). it is Treated of a development of opportunities, because only when there is pulp shortage it is that remembers the energy use of the trash, which presents a larger cost for equivalent ton in energy again that the pulp of the sugar-cane, that already has a very spread trade in the section the sugar and alcohol. Another factor that should be outstanding is the environmental, because the Environmental Protocol exists, sanctioned by most of the producing of sugar-cane, that reduces the period for elimination burned of the sugar-cane before the crop implanted by the Law 11.241 of 2002. However it is important to highlight that the crop of the sugar-cane without it burns her previous, it increases the difficulty in the combat the pest denominated “cigarrinha-da-raiz”, turning necessary the retreat of part of the trash non beneficial for the soil, contributing like this, with the practice of removal of the trash for energy use. Of the obtained results it is ended that the most interesting modality economically, was the separation of the trash in the industry and that for better efficiency, the sugar-cane should go by a double process of blowing for cleaning, pointing out, however, that there was reduction of the capacity of transport of the sugar-cane as adult was the amount of trash partially in the crop integral.
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Soil bulk density is an attribute often used to characterize soil physical structure, being an indicator of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to compare the values of bulk density measured by the paraffin sealed clod and volumetric ring methods in conventional, no-tillage and minimum tillage systems on a Dystroferric Red Nitosol, clayey, in Botucatu, SP. The experiment design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement in randomized block with four replications. The density values obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method were statistically higher than those obtained by the volumetric ring method. There was no difference between the managements when comparing the values of soil density obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method. The soil under conventional management showed lower density when comparing the values of soil density obtained by the volumetric ring. The volumetric ring method was more sensitive to show differences between the management systems than the paraffin sealed clod method.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas conservacionistas de manejo do solo sobre características agronômicas de cultivares de amendoim com hábitos de crescimento contrastantes, foram instalados sete ensaios de campo; seis em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (Ribeirão Preto, SP) e um em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Pindorama, SP), todos em renovação de canaviais colhidos sem queima prévia. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos principais foram os sistemas de manejo - convencional, cultivo mínimo e plantio direto - e os secundários, as cultivares IAC-Tatu ST e IAC-Caiapó. Não há diferença estatística para produção de vagens e grãos e número de estruturas reprodutivas, entre manejos conservacionistas e convencional, porém pode haver redução no estande final de plantas. em três dos sete ensaios houve interação significativa entre cultivar e sistema de manejo. A cultivar IAC-Caiapó é menos responsiva às diferenças de manejo do solo. O plantio direto pode proporcionar aumento de 6,5 a 9% no índice de rendimento de grãos e apresentar maior conteúdo de água no solo em período de seca.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil physics and chemical attributes of Rhodic Ferralsol, in sugarcane systems harvest compared with soil forest. The treatments were consisted by native forest, manual and mechanized sugarcane harvesting. The soil was sampled at 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m soil depths. The soil organic matter, pH and PCZ values, flocculation degree and soil aggregation were evaluated in each soil sample. The statistics analysis was carried in a split-plot completely randomized design with five replications, exception for the soil aggregation,, with six replications The soil under MN, the soil organic matter and aggregates percentage (7.93 mm class) were higher. The higher mean weigh diameter aggregates was observed at 0-0.20 soil depth, in MN.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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A identificação de cultivares, para cada tipo de manejo do solo, pode favorecer o aumento da produtividade da cultura do arroz de terras altas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar o desempenho de genótipos de arroz de terras altas, em dois sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional (PC) e sistema plantio direto (SPD). O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Ipameri, GO, em 2008/2009. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2x8, com dezesseis tratamentos e quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi o sistema de manejo do solo (PC e SPD) e o segundo cultivares (BRS Curinga, BRS Primavera, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Sertaneja, Carajás, Caiapó e Bonança). As plantas apresentaram-se mais altas no PC do que no SPD. Quanto ao número de perfilhos por planta, verificou-se, também, variabilidade nas cultivares, quanto ao tipo de manejo de solo. Constatou-se que o preparo convencional propiciou maiores produtividades (média de 4.349 kg ha-1 que o sistema plantio direto (média de 3.521 kg ha-1, sendo o número de panículas por mI;e número de grãos por panícula os componentes de produção que mais contribuíram para esta diferença. Todas as cultivares apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os dois sistemas de manejo do solo, com exceção da cultivar Caiapó. Nos dois sistemas, Carajás foi a mais produtiva e diferiu, estatisticamente, das cultivares BRS Sertaneja e BRS Primavera.