Produtividade e desenvolvimento da cana-planta e soca em função de doses e fontes de manganês

A cana-de-açúcar possui grande importância econômico-social e política para o Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de manganês nessa cultura. O experimento foi realizado no sítio Fujimoto, área administrada pela Destilaria Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, no município de Suzanápolis, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco doses de Mn (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes (quelato, FTE e sulfato de manganês), aplicadas no sulco de plantio, em quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro linhas de 5 m de comprimento e espaçadas 1,5 m. A variedade de cana-de-açúcar utilizada foi a RB 86-7515, realizando-se dois cortes. As fontes de Mn proporcionaram semelhantes produtividades de colmos, tanto da cana-planta quanto da primeira cana-soca. O quelato de Mn proporcionou maior número de colmo por metro de sulco na cana-soca. As doses de Mn não influenciaram a produtividade de colmos da cana-planta e da cana- soca, porém aumentaram o número de internódios e o diâmetro de colmo na cana-planta até as doses de 6,9 e 6,6 kg ha-1 de Mn, respectivamente.

MANUTENÇÃO DE FOLHAS ATIVAS em BANANEIRA-'NANICÃO' POR MEIO do MANEJO DAS ADUBAÇÕES NITROGENADA E POTÁSSICA E da IRRIGAÇÃO

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade e qualidade de cana-de-açúcar cultivada em solo tratado com lodo de esgoto, vinhaça e adubos minerais

O uso agrícola de resíduos orgânicos, de origem agrícola, urbana ou industrial, é uma interessante alternativa de disposição, permitindo a reciclagem de nutrientes (NPK) nos ecossistemas. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da aplicação de lodo de esgoto como fonte de N e de vinhaça como fonte de K comparado ao uso de fontes minerais desses nutrientes sobre a produtividade e variáveis agroindustriais da cana-de-açúcar, por dois anos consecutivos (cana-planta e cana-soca). O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico típico, em Pontal - SP, e a variedade de cana-de-açúcar avaliada foi a SP 81-3250. Utilizou-se de esquema fatorial 3x2x2+1, ou seja, três tipos de resíduos (lodo de esgoto + KCl; vinhaça + uréia, e lodo de esgoto + vinhaça); dois modos de aplicação (na linha de plantio ou em área total); duas doses (100 e 200% do N e K necessários à cultura) e um tratamento adicional com adubação mineral, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos na área em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas a produtividade e as variáveis agroindustriais (°brix, pol no caldo, fibra, pureza, pol na cana, AR e ATR). As produtividades de colmo e de açúcar para cana-planta foram mantidas quando N e K foram fornecidos pelo lodo de esgoto e vinhaça, respectivamente. A cana-soca apresentou maior produtividade de colmo e de açúcar quando foram utilizados os resíduos separadamente, complementados com fontes minerais. Quanto ao modo de aplicação, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as variáveis analisadas.

Resposta de soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de nitrogênio em sistema de colheita sem queima

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Manejo de palhada de cana colhida sem queima, produtividade do canavial e qualidade do caldo

O manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar com cana colhida sem queima associado a variedades mais adaptadas podem influenciar a produção de colmos e a qualidade do caldo. Assim, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho com objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetida a sistemas de manejo de colheita da cana colhida sem queima sobre a produção e a qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos foram os sistemas de manejo da palhada da soqueira colhida mecanicamente: palha sem triturar/sem cultivo (PST/SC); palha sem triturar/com cultivo com escarificador (PST/CC); palha triturada/com cultivo com escarificador (PT/CC), cultivado com 18 variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB83-5486, RB85-5536, RB85-5546, RB84-5230, SP81-3250, SP80-3280, SP76-112, SP86-155, SP87-344, SP87-365, SP87-396, SP86-042, SP85-3877, SP84-5560, SP88-725, SP88-817, SP83-2847 Q-138). A qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar varia em função das variedades e sistema de manejo da palhada da soqueira da cana colhida sem queima. O uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador comparado ao sistema sem cultivo aumentou a produção de colmos e a tonelada de sacarose aparente por ha, entretanto, reduziu ATR e a sacarose aparente das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima. A trituração da palhada nos tratamentos com uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador não é importante na produção e na qualidade de colmos das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima.

Sugarcane grown in an oxisol amended with sewage sludge and vinasse: nitrogen contents in soil and plant

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise fenotípica e molecular da produção de biofilmes por estirpes de staphylococcus aureus isoladas de casos de mastite subclínica bovina

Biofilm formation is considered an advantage for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis isolates, facilitating bacterial persistence in the udder. It requires attachment to mammary epithelium, proliferation and accumulation of cells in multilayers and enclosing in a polymeric matrix known as exopolysaccharide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis for formation of biofilms. A total of 94 Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from milk samples of cows suffering from subclinical mastitis in dairy herds on two properties in the state of São Paulo were evaluated. These strains were characterized by in vitro biofilm formation, and by the presence of icaA and icaD genes which are responsible for intercellular adhesion. The results revealed that 98.9% of the isolates produced biofilm in vitro by adherence in sterile 96-well "U" bottom polystyrene tissue culture plates; 95.7% of the isolates possessed the icaA and icaD genes. These bacterial isolates biofilm producers may impair eradication of chronic mastitis, rendering antibiotherapy less effective. The detection of biofilm forming ability in mastitis isolates may provide useful information for more adequate therapeutic regimen and for preventive actions in the control of those bacterial isolates in bovine herds.

Doses de potássio em cobertura na primeira soca da cultura da cana-de-açúcar cultivada no norte matogrossense

The sugar cane crop has been cultivated in all regions of the Brazil, occupying different soil types. The north region of Mato Grosso has favorable climate conditions for the culture, however, has been achieved low productivity due to the not application of fertilizer and inefficient doses. Being the potassium the mineral element absorbed in large amount by culture. Aimed to with this work to evaluate the effect of growing doses of the nutrient applied in coverage in the second cycle of the variety of sugar cane IAC86-2480. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The Potassium doses were: 0; 60; 120; 180 e 240 kg ha(-1) of K(2)O. Was evaluated the degrees Brix, diameter, weigth, height and productivity of stalk. No was significant effects for the variable degrees Brix in response to potassium doses, since to others had response quadratic. The dose of maximum agronomic efficiency was of 150 kg ha(-1) de K(2)O obtaining productivity of 85 t ha(-1) of stalk, representing 25% increase in productivity.

Novos Registros sobre Meloidogyne mayaguensis no Brasil e Estudo Morfológico Comparativo com M. incognita

Almeida, E.J., P.L.M. Soares, A.R. Silva & J.M. Santos. 2008. New records on Meloidogyne mayaguensis in Brazil and comparative study with M. incognita. Meloidogyne mayaguensis is the plant-parasitic nematode responsible for a great impact on guava production in Brazil, since it has been the cause for eradication of thousand of hectares of guava plantations in the Northeastern region. In the present study, this species was detected in soybean fields of Ituverava municipality, São Paulo state, and in different vegetable crops (lettuce, cucumber, pepper and cherry tomato) in Chapada dos Guimaraes municipality, Mato Grosso state, causing root galls and other symptoms. The species was identified on the basis of the perineal pattern of females, and on the morphology and morphometry of anterior region of males. Isozyme phenotype for esterase was used for confirmation. This constitutes the first report on the occurrence of M. mayaguensis on lettuce, cucumber, pepper and cherry tomato cultures in Mato Grosso state and the first one in soybean in São Paulo state. It was found that morphological features of male anterior region and female perineal pattern are enough for the safe distinction between M. mayaguensis and M. incognita.

Doenças respiratórias em aves atendidas no laboratório de oriento- Patologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 A 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZUNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.

Programa de controle de surto de escorpião Tityus serrulatus, Lutz e Mello 1922, no município de Aparecida, SP (Scorpiones, Buthidae).

A scorpion control program was proposed for the town of Aparecida (SP), an endemic region of Tityus serrulatus. Clusters of scorpions in urban and rural areas, environmental degradation of the town's outskirts and new scorpion procreation and dispersal habitats were studied. In addition, infrastructure problems such as the disposal and collection of residential and municipal refuse, sanitation (sewage and storm sewer), condition of vacant lots and constructions in the urban area were evaluated. After an epidemiological study, educational measures such as the distribution of pamphlets, cleaning group work, visits to residences and cooperation from High School teachers and students were also suggested. Chemical control was indicated in high-risk sites, especially those of near-school buildings. Furthermore, the use of natural predators was also mentioned within the present sanitation regulations for urban areas. The authors assert that these procedures must be integrated and continued uninterruptedly for several years. They also suggest a collaborative work with those responsible for the dengue eradication program, as well as the institution of the scorpion study week, which would greatly contribute to the education of the population, to preventive programs and to scorpion control.

Fragmentos da história da malária em São Paulo

Due to its great incidence in Brazil, malaria is one of the most important transmissible disease studied in the papers that deal with public health today. Although it is present in the Brazilian history since the colonial period, it has hardly been studied from its historic perspective. The present article intends to give a general view of the disease in Brazil, specially in the state of São Paulo. The research is based on historic papers of health and epidemies not only in Brazil but also in the world, found in the legislative documentation of São Paulo. Until 1930, malaria had spread through the country and the health authorities took no care in stablishing especific campaigns to face the disease. This negligence was mostly due to the fact that the mortality rate of malaria was lesser than variola, yellow fever or the many other endemic or epidemic diseases. Eradication seemed to be close to an end but the social and economic transformations after the 70's brought the disease in a proportion ten times worse.

Alien fishes in lakes of the Doce river basin (Brazil): Range, new occurrences and conservation of native communities

The present study shows the distribution of alien fish species in tropical lakes in the middle Doce river basin, southeastern Brazil, obtained from a rapid assessment program. The causes for their introductions were sport-fishing improvement in some specific lakes and aquaculture in the studied basin. Presently, these species have a wide distribution occurring in 41 of the 54 lakes studied, representing an actual threat to regional native fish community. The natural connection among lakes and streams during the rainy season and the dispersal mediated by local people are the main invasion agents for alien fishes. The success of these invaders is probably due to absence of pre-existing effective competitors or top-predators in the invaded communities. We consider that the eradication of alien fishes by means of the available management tools may be very difficult due to the large number of lakes invaded and to the wide spectrum of lake conditions and resources exploited by these alien species. We recommend the use of environmental education as a tool to stop the human-mediated dispersion of aliens and to improve conservation of native fish community in lakes where these alien species are not present yet. © 2004 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG.

The genome sequence of the gram-positive sugarcane pathogen Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli

The genome sequence of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, which causes ratoon stunting disease and affects sugarcane worldwide, was determined. The single circular chromosome of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli CTCB07 was 2.6 Mb in length with a GC content of 68% and 2,044 predicted open reading frames. The analysis also revealed 307 predicted pseudogenes, which is more than any bacterial plant pathogen sequenced to date. Many of these pseudogenes, if functional, would likely be involved in the degradation of plant heteropolysaccharides, uptake of free sugars, and synthesis of amino acids. Although L. xyli subsp. xyli has only been identified colonizing the xylem vessels of sugarcane, the numbers of predicted regulatory genes and sugar transporters are similar to those in free-living organisms. Some of the predicted pathogenicity genes appear to have been acquired by lateral transfer and include genes for cellulase, pectinase, wilt-inducing protein, lysozyme, and desaturase. The presence of the latter may contribute to stunting, since it is likely involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid, a hormone that arrests growth. Our findings are consistent with the nutritionally fastidious behavior exhibited by L. xyli subsp. xyli and suggest an ongoing adaptation to the restricted ecological niche it inhabits.

Doenças respiratórios em aves atendidas no Laboratório de Ornitopatologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 a 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.