Estudo comparativo da evolução da legislação internacional e brasileira sobre repositórios geológicos de rejeitos radioativos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Radioelementos naturais na área do Projeto Rio Preto (GO)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Irradiação e qualidade da carne de frango congelada e embalada à vácuo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fotoluminescência e mecanismo de crescimento em titanatos nanoestruturados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

DISTRIBUIÇÃO E POSSÍVEL ORIGEM DE METAIS PESADOS NOS SEDIMENTOS DE FUNDO AO LONGO DA BACIA DO ALTO RIO TIETÊ: APLICAÇÃO DA NORMALIZAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA SUCESSIVA

As análises das concentrações dos principais metais pesados e respectiva distribuição nos perfis dos sedimentos de fundo do alto rio Tietê foram utilizadas para determinar preliminarmente suas possíveis origens com respeito às frações geoquímicas. O método utilizado envolveu normalizações geoquímicas sucessivas das frações orgânica, carbonática ou ácido solúvel e clástica ou litólica, e ainda outras possivelmente associadas às influências antrópicas. No alto rio Tietê foi possível verificar uma influência possivelmente antrópica nos sedimentos superficiais amostrados juntos às nascentes, associadas aos aportes atmosféricos (atmospheric fallout) e potencial redox, enquanto que em profundidade os metais pesados se apresentaram na fração carbonática ou ácido solúvel. Para a estação de Pirapora, localizada após a cidade de São Paulo, a maioria dos metais pesados estudados se mostrou associado principalmente com a matéria orgânica, enquanto Zn e Co apresentaram características antrópicas dos esgotos domésticos e efluentes industriais.

Padronização da reação de trans-splicing in vitro em tripanosomas utilizando a técnica de RT-PCR

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Efeito do estresse subletal com a utilização de LED no desenvolvimento e na qualidade de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Aplicações de isótopos estáveis na área da saúde no Brasil

The use of stable isotopes in Brazil is being improved, mainly through research conducted at main universities in the country. Some applications in health allow to studying, for example, processes involving synthesis and protein degradation, energy expenditure, body composition, kinetics of vitamins, mineral absorption and diagnose diseases related to Helicobacter pylori. The big motivation is to encourage the growth of investments in health in the few centers that have mass spectrometers in Brazil, as the technique is harmless to humans, in other words, no has problems to use it like when you use radioactive isotopes

Caracterização da radioatividade das águas do aquífero Guarani

This research aimed to evaluate the quality of “Aquifer Guarani’s” waters in the context of the current legislation related to the radioactive aspects, besides correlating the values obtained with chemical data already available, seeking to make an integrated analysis of the data in order to establish possible tendencies with directions of underground flow. The determinations of the total radioactivity beta and alpha were accomplished through the employment of the available infrastructure at the LABIDRO – Laboratory of Isotope and Hydrochemistry of the Petrology and Metallogeny of UNESP’s Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, largely implanted through resources supplied by FAPESP and CNPq. The systems were gauged for the determinations of interest with tracer of known activity. Preliminaries tests were accomplished with high radioactivity samples of water to check the applicability of the methods. It was ended that the waters analyzed possess low radioactivity, as much alpha as total beta, and, therefore, they are appropriate for the human consumption; that there is not lineal relationship between the obtained data and the chemical data already available; and that the direction of the underground flow of the Aquifer doesn't check any tendency to the generated data.

Cálculo das funções de anisotropia e radial de dose para braquiterapia com semente de 192Ir em diferentes materiais de interesse em radiologia com o auxílio do programa baseado no método de Monte Carlo MCNPX

The brachytherapy braquiterapia is an x-ray modality radiotherapy in which stamped or halfstamped radioactive sources in format of seeds are used, wires or to one short distance, in contact or implanted to the fabric to be treated. All the treatment modalities require a previous planning. The formalism recommended for calculation of dose was considered by the AAPM for the first TG-43 Report. In it distributions of dose of isolated seeds measured and calculated by Monte Carlo method in water instead of with models half-empiricists. In this work we in accordance with present some preliminary results of the calculation of functions of radial anisotropy and of dose in the distance for seed of 192Ir, wide used in brachytherapy treatments of high tax of dose (HDR), with the aid of the program based on the Monte Carlo method MCNPX v2.50 (Mount Carlo N ParticleeXtended). The materials chosen in the simulation beyond water, had been MS20 and estriado muscle

Estudo teórico das funções de anisotropia e radial de dose para braquiterapia com semente de Ir192 em diferentes materiais de interesse em radiologia

The brachytherapy braquiterapia is an x-ray modality radiotherapy in which stamped or halfstamped radioactive sources in format of seeds are used, wires or to one short distance, in contact or implanted to the fabric to be treated. All the treatment modalities require a previous planning.The formalism recommended for calculation of dose was considered by the AAPM for the first TG-43 Report. In it distributions of dose of isolated seeds measured and calculated by Monte Carlo method in water instead of with models half-empiricists.In this work we in accordance with present some preliminary results of the calculation of functions of radial anisotropy and of dose in the distance for seed of 192Ir, wide used in brachytherapy treatments of high tax of dose (HDR), with the aid of the program based on the Monte Carlo method MCNPX v2.50 (Mount Carlo N ParticleeXtended).The materials chosen in the simulation beyond water, had been MS20 and estriado muscle

Aplicação dos princípios de radioproteção em medicina nuclear

The Nuclear Medicine is a medical specialty which uses different radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The isotopes are radioactive elements which are administered in vivo and present distribution to specific organs or cell types. The knowledge of radioactivity and notions related to ionizing radiation allow to contextualize the radiological protection measures to be taken in Nuclear Medicine. So it is possible to minimize unnecessary exposure to patients, the public, and individuals occupationally exposed and the environmental. For this it is necessary to relate the physical and technological bases apply to this mode with the standards established by regulatory agencies, including the CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission) and ANVISA (National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance). In this scenario, it is important that the theoretical endorse the activities which are periodically audited for verification of compliance with the standards that aim to radioprotection. One role of the Medical Physicist in these services is, therefore, act as Radiation Protection Supervisor exerting numerous activities and ensuring compliance with these standards. In this context the stage in the area of Nuclear Medicine was developed in many customers of the enterprise Rad Dimenstein & Associados LTDA, among them the hospitals Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Nossa Senhora de Lourdes (HNSL), Santa Paula (HSP), Cruz Azul (CRAZ), Grupo Fleury, among other clinics. Following the routine and then carrying out various activities pertaining to the Medical Physicist in the area, it was noted that the measures and actions are extremely effective and fundamental in terms of radiological protection

SPECT (Single photon emission tomography): Gama câmara, reconstrução tomográfica e características funcional

The SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) systems are part of a medical image acquisition technology which has been outstanding, because the resultant images are functional images complementary to those that give anatomic information, such as X-Ray CT, presenting a high diagnostic value. These equipments acquire, in a non-invasive way, images from the interior of the human body through tomographic mapping of radioactive material administered to the patient. The SPECT systems are based on the Gamma Camera detection system, and one of them being set on a rotational gantry is enough to obtain the necessary data for a tomographic image. The images obtained from the SPECT system consist in a group of flat images that describe the radioactive distribution on the patient. The trans-axial cuts are obtained from the tomographic reconstruction techniques. There are analytic and iterative methods to obtain the tomographic reconstruction. The analytic methods are based on the Fourier Cut Theorem (FCT), while the iterative methods search for numeric solutions to solve the equations from the projections. Within the analytic methods, the filtered backprojection (FBP) method maybe is the simplest of all the tomographic reconstruction techniques. This paper's goal is to present the operation of the SPECT system, the Gamma Camera detection system, some tomographic reconstruction techniques and the requisites for the implementation of this system in a Nuclear Medicine service

Dosimetria ambiental do gás 222Rn: um exemplo de estudo das águas da região de Presidente Prudente – SP e considerações sobre abordagem do tema através do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais – BIOE

Over the years, the concern with the detection of the levels of radionuclides in the environment has increased, given that they are carcinogenic to the human respiratory system. Present in the air, waters, soil and building materials, among other substances, radionuclides are unknown by most of the population. In this paper, we present the radioactive gas 222Rn, predominant element among all others and one way of detecting it in an example study of the waters of the Presidente Prudente - SP, through the plastic detector called CR-39. Likewise, we realized the need to approach this issue more broadly in schools and even in higher education, since this field of modern physics and environmental physics usually appears only in master's and doctorate. Thus, we attempted to perform the didactic transposition schooluniversity, through the construction of an object Educational, OE, to be placed on the Bank for International Educational Objects - bioethanol and by developing this contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the importance of monitoring of radioactivity in a way accessible to the population as a whole

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...