Preposições em textos do gênero notícia na imprensa paulista: norma e uso no ínicio do século XX

This paper proposes a reflection on processes of variation and change that occurred with the portuguese prepositions a, ate, em and para, taken as a parameter for answers in a broader context, the confrontation between the norm and use and between standard and linguistic variation. We conducted the study based on a corpus composed of all occurrences of the prepositions in question removed news of the newspaper O Combate and O Estado de Sao Paulo. Whereas the main objective of the study is to present and describe the use of these particles in newspaper articles of the Imprensa Paulista, data were collected and quantified by using the statistical package GOLDVARB, and interpretation of results relied (i) assumptions regarding the process variation in the use of prepositions and prepositions replace weak, as the preposition to, for strong prepositions (para, em, até), (ii) in comparison with the grammatical rule in effect at the time, (iii) and in the search for the existence of some historical factor that justifies the selection of a preposition rather than another. Among the hypotheses, we investigate the relationship between these prepositions and whose kind of preachers they introduce supplements: the direction of motion (abstract or concrete) or transfer (material and verbal / perceptual). This theoretical perspective was the Labovian sociolinguistics (Labov, 1972, 1994), which defines the linguistic variable as a representation of two or more different ways to convey a certain information content, being necessary to define it the following criteria set exact number of variants to establish all the multiplicity of contexts in which it appears; develop a quantitative index for measuring the values of variables

O jazz e a mundialização: processos culturais e consumo musical no século XX

Jazz brings to the surface discussions about globalization and its unfolding. The development of such music style allows a reflection about the processes that influence 20th century culture, thus enabling a closer look into debates that involve cultural industrialization and standardization in such context. Horkheimer‟s and Adorno‟s work deal with this theme, considering culture as something standardized, a result of the process that fits into the industrial production mold. Morin goes further in this discussion, suggesting the emergence of a mass culture as a third culture. Later, Latin-American authors Ortiz and Canclini bring up new tones and approaches to the globalization through culture theme

A contribuição de Lima Barreto para o entendimento da crítica educacional brasileira do início do século XX

This study aims at enhancing the understanding of the educational criticism in the beginning of the twentieth century, focusing on the ideas of Lima Barreto. Before the emergence of the "educational professionals", educational thought was developed by publicists and writers involved in a fertile debate, the results of which became visible in literary and journalistic production. Through the analysis of articles, short texts published in the press, novels and short stories written by Lima Barreto, it’s possible to gather a specific concept of education, underlying his criticism and fictional characterization of school education, as well as an interesting sketch of the cultural profile of Brazilian society at the time. Either explicitly or implicitly, in their evaluative and theoretical references, the limits of the critical readings of the author, which are expressed in the contradiction between negation of the given conditions and their affirmation, unveil the historical aspects of social and educational thinking and criticism.

Institucionalização da Gestão Escolar no Brasil: em foco as primeiras décadas do século XX (1911-1950)

This work aims to investigate the institutionalization of management processes in the legislation of the Brazilian education. For this study was considered the first decades of the twentieth century (1911-1950). The laws of Brazil in the early Republic were derived from tradition or forged by the great legislators. In turn, the tradition is inserted in the power of social organization that is preserved, in a more forceful manner, through the norms and rules. With this assumption, the study chose the Rivadávia and Carlos Maximiliano Reforms, both of the beginning of the century, and the Organic Laws of Teaching, granted by the government in this period, to understand how legislation institutionalized the role of the director in basic education in this context history. The reflections presented introduce historical elements that demonstrate actions and relationships that remain in the form of habits in the school managements. These institutionalized elements contribute to the debate about the political and pedagogical difficulties pointed out by scholars and professionals, related to the promotion of democratic management in the public school.

Identidade feminina: a constituição da identidde múltipla e contraditória na literatura hispanoamericana do início do século XX

O estudo da proposta foucaultiana sobre o poder possibilita focalizar as diferenças sociais de gênero como “multiformes e integradas” com outros pontos de poder, os quais não podem ser reduzidos à estrutura binária dominante/dominado, na relação homem/mulher. Portanto, não existe uma estrutura de “opressão de gênero” universal e mono-causal, pois os diferentes contextos discursivos geram campos atravessados por relações de forças muito diversas e variadas, e uma dinâmica de posições de sujeito que também é regulada e aberta a contingências. Por um lado, pensando nas diferenças de gênero e no posicionamento do sujeito dentro do marco de referência nas primeiras décadas do século XX, no qual há a afirmação do papel da mulher como um sujeito social, público, intelectual e artista, mas também assumindo sua categoria de Mãe e Mulher em uma sociedade patriarcalmente estruturada e, por outro lado, vislumbradas a partir das contribuições teóricas da crítica feminista, da crítica literária feminista e, especialmente, da crítica pós-feminista, denominada pósfoucaultiana por July Cháneton (2007), no sentido em que estas teóricas incorporam critica e produtivamente as idéias de Foucault sobre gênero, subjetividade e poder, verificamos como o discursivo-literário de Alfonsina Storni representa a construção de uma subjetividade feminina de posição identitária “múltipla e contraditória”, como parte constitutiva de uma diversidade de posições-sujeito feminina.

Algumas reflexões sobre a condição da mulher brasileira da colônia às primeiras décadas do século XX

This article, about reflections on the condition of Brazilian women from the Colony to the first decades of the twentieth century, reveals the historical position of them and the attitudes and behaviors related to gender and sexuality. Subdued, it was treated as a sexual object, arousing all sorts of misogyny by men. Rebel, veiled or ostensibly, could serve their own desires. Throughout history, the Church and medical institutions which jointly accounted for, significantly, established the meaning and place of women. In Colony period, the woman is a ward from the Catholic ideology, but from the nineteenth century, after Independence, this power control arises to Medicine. The physician submits the religious discourse, naturalizing the status of women as one that breeds, namely the insertion of the medical issues of family scientifically legitimate colonial patriarchy. This is accentuated in the early twentieth century, when medicine consolidated setting standards and rules for marriage, to motherhood and family life. We note how the feminine universe was (and it is nowadays) ambivalent, with "one foot" in virtue and another in sin, with a tendency to contain and another to trespass. On the one hand we have the home and motherhood, validated in marriage, in which the woman is cared for and dependent on her husband. Reflecting on the motherhood of Virgin Mary, comes to the sacred dimension of the idealized woman saint by the Church. At the same time, however, feels the need for freedom, identity and independence, needing to give a voice to the desire to have their sexuality and all that it is due in full. The manifestation of the desire and the call for sexual satisfaction, and put in permanent conflict personal, psychological and social split between moral entrenched across generations and cultural transformations resulting from decades of the 20th Century.

Variação e mudança lexical no português brasileiro do século XX: um estudo descritivo-comparativo

In this article, we analyze only the processes of lexical expansion related to the reuse and recontextualization of words. We selected 50 names of animals in Brazilian Portuguese (PB). These words were found in two dictionaries and only the definitions connoting human actions and attributes were used. Through this study linguistic principles that are practically consensual were confirmed. We highlight the polissemic phenomenon as one of the factors that most contribute to the economy of the linguistic system.

Ciência e literatura na Itália do século XX

No século XX, os famosos manifestos futuristas inauguraram, polemicamente e com muito ruído, as relações entre as artes (não apenas a literatura, portanto) e a ciência. Mas é sobretudo à tecnologia que os futuristas queriam atrelar as artes. Ao tentar transpor a velocidade das máquinas ao ritmo poético, Marinetti e outros futuristas realizaram operação que, por um lado, inegavelmente “dinamizou” a estrutura poética, por outro, atrelou mecanicamente, sem distanciamento crítico, o que era da esfera exclusiva da ciência e da tecnologia. Para os futuristas, exceção feita para as artes plásticas, o choque diante do advento do automóvel, do avião e dos demais produtos tecnológicos, frutos de um paciente e constante desenvolvimento da ciência a partir de Galileu, implicou em adequação mecânica e meramente estrutural, pelo menos no que diz respeito à poesia.

Ciência e literatura na Itália do século XX

This essay intends to analise the relationship between science and literature in Italy in the 20th century. I will remark the considerations about science and literature made by italian writers like Calvino and Levi.

O olhar feminino na narrativa italiana do século XX

This essay will describe the italian women who dedicated their novels and tales in the nineth Century to the people and the brazilian culture. I intend to remark the female point of view of these writers, very different of the others writers which novels and tales described only the exotic and pitoresc. Keywords Italian writers; Brazilian characters; female point of view; Italian novels of the 20th century.

Correio de Bauru: notícias, cidade e sociedade nas primeiras décadas do século XX

O presente Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso é o desdobramento de uma pesquisa em nível de iniciação científica, financiada pela FAPESP, que teve como objeto de estudo o jornal Correio de Bauru. Dentre os aspectos analisados, privilegiamos a postura jornalística do periódico e a aproximação com sociedade, a presença da temática urbana, as diferenças e semelhanças com os grandes jornais dos anos 1920 e, ainda, o processo de modernização da imprensa do período. Nesse percurso, adotamos a metodologia de leitura das edições disponíveis em acervo a fim de identificar seu posicionamento editorial e político, a relação com a cidade e a sociedade, o ocupado dentre outras publicações existentes no município na época, além de sua contribuição para a História da Imprensa Brasileira e do interior paulista

Relações de Gênero, memória e identidades no Brasil do século XX

Gender relationships focusing on homages to the women of Assis (a town in the center-western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil) between 1959 and 1994, are discussed. Homages, expressed in monuments, street names, city squares, schools, libraries, Cultural Centers and other places, are based on the activities of women who benefitted the community. They feature lawyers, politicians, journalists, teachers and common citizens that exceeded their personal limitations and conquered a place acknowledged by society (politically invested) so that their names may be inscribed in the city´s public places. However, acknowledgement of female contributions in the construction of the city is not projected at the same pace or speed as that of males who compose the gallery of ‘remembered men’. This fact brings forth the following questions: If the naming of public places were for decades based on gender, what had changed by the end of the 1950s for such a redefinition? What is the true meaning of such homages? Who are these women and what do they represent?

O surgimento das práticas de assistência à saúde mental da criança inspiradas na psicanálise no início do século XX através da obra de Durval Bellegard Marcondes

Psychoanalysis was introduced in Brazil since 1920 contributing to the appearance of new practices of health care for the child. Therefore, the present article aims to discuss the link between psychoanalysis and practices focused on children's mental health that emerged from the 1930s through the work of Durval Marcondes, a pioneer in the dissemination and use of psychoanalysis in Brazil. A historical research was held from a survey on Durval Marcondes’s work and the team led by him confined in the epigraph theme. It was found from that work that the link between mental hygiene, new school and psychoanalysis developed a pioneering service of care to children with school problems based on the diagnostic evaluation and guidance of parents and teachers. It is concluded that this work introduced the differentiation between children with cognitive and emotional problems and provided the foundations of psychoeducational and psycodiagnostic interventions.

Entre o Pavilhão Mexicano e o Cine Azteca: cultura visual e formação de identidade no Brasil e México na primeira metade do século XX

The article seeks to reflect from a visual history of the elaboratión imaginary political and national identities and transnational comparative perspective between Brazil and Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century. The main focus is Mexican participation in the exhibition commemorating the centennial of Brazilian independence in 1922 and the dialogues in the film industry of both countries in the second half of the 1940s and beginning of 1950s.

Carnaval X Entrudo: formas de regrar o carnaval no Rio de Janeiro em fins do Século XIX e Início do Século XX

This article aims to discuss the attempts of the authorities in Rio de Janeiro to regulate Carnival festivities and discipline the revelers. Some of the ways to do this in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, are connected to the prohibition of Shrovetide and of the wearing of some costumes by individual masked men, such as Indian and imp costumes, which are associated with backwardness and barbarism, and, therefore, with a period of history that part of the intelligentsia of Rio de Janeiro wanted to forget. Such manifestations were at odds with political, social and cultural transformations, and with the image of modernity that the city of Rio de Janeiro wanted to consolidate in that period.