Digestilidade in vitro do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado, submetido a diferentes tempos de estocagem e de adaptação ao bovino doador de fluido ruminal

An experiment was conducted to study the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and gross energy (IVGED) of hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse with different storage times and two periods of adaptation of the bovine to the diet. A completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications was used. Treatments A,B,C, and D which corresponded to the times of 0, 15, 30, and 45 days of storage time period of the bagasse, respectively. Each treatment was studied at 7 and 45 after adaptation of the bovine ruminal donor to the diet. After 30 days storage, the bagasse IVDMD was inpaired for both 7 and 45 days of adaptation. Averages values of 25.8; 25.9; 23.1 and 23.3% were obtained for IVDMD with seven days of adaptation, and 25.04; 21.6; 12.5 and 11.4% with 45 days of adaptation for storage periods of 0; 15; 30 and 45 days, respectively. For IVGED, the averages obtained were 33.4; 27.8; 30.9; and 27.2% with seven days, and 30; 26.6; 20.6 and 14.5% with 45 days of adaptation for storage periods of 0, 15, 30 and 45 days, respectively.

Reação do solo e disponibilidade de micronutrientes, em solo de textura média, tratado com lodo de esgoto e cultivado com milho

The evaluation of micronutrient availability in agricultural soil treated with sewage sludge was developed in Field with maize cultivation on a Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experiment used a randomized complete block design, with the treatments in a split-plot scheme, in time, with six doses of sewage sludge (main-plot treatment) in relation to the five sampling periods for the soil (subplot treatment), with four replications. The sewage sludge was applied in the superficial layer (0-20 cm). The micronutrients Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were extracted from the soils using a DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) solution. The same micronutrients were analyzed in the plant tissue after the nitric-perchloric decomposition of the maize samples by spectrometric atomic absorption. The results showed an increasing amount of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and a decreasing pH in the soil. The increasing doses of sewage sludge increased the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn availability in the soil solution, and the uptake amount by maize plants were always greater than the control values.

Fortificação do leite fluido na prevenção e tratamento da anemia carencial ferropriva em crianças menores de 4 anos

The effectiveness of the use of chelate aminoacid iron fortified fluid milk in the treatment of iron deficiency in children under four years of age was studied. The 269 children included in this trial received 1 liter/day of fluid milk fortified with 3 mg of chelate aminoacid iron and were evaluated at six monthly intervals. At the beginning of the study 62.3% of the children presented anemia. After 6 months, this percentage had decreased to 41.8% and at the end of one year to 26.4%. The greatest decreases occurred in the groups comprising the subjects who were of 12 to 23 months of age and those under one year of age. Among the children who presented initial hemoglobin levels under 9.5 g/ dl, 59.3% were free of anemia after one year of follow-up. Of those presenting initial hemoglobin levels between 9.5 and 10.9 g/dl, 66.7% recovered from their anemia. There was also greater hematological improvement in the children that ingested over 750 ml/day of fortified milk in those families that did not share the supply of supplement among their other members and in those families that had only one child under five years of age. These findings led to the conclusion that the fortification of fluid milk is a viable and effective method for the treatment of iron deficiency in pre-school children.

Método multiresiduo para determinar pesticidas en frutas por extracción con fluido supercrítico

A rapid and reliable method for the determination of 25 compounds selected from four classes of pesticides in samples of fresh apples, grapes, pears, and strawberries purchased at a local supermarket, is presented. The study describes two different methods of extraction: solid-liquid extraction with acetone and supercritical fluid extraction. Clean-up was based on aminopropyl cartridge extraction followed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector for simultaneous determinations. Confirmatory analysis was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Extraction efficiencies were directly compared and the methods were applied to the analysis of real samples. Recoveries for a majority of pesticides from standard samples at enrichment levels of 0.04-0.10 mg/ kg ranged from 77 to 96 % for both methods. The supercritical fluid extraction method showed good limits of detection (less than 0.01 mg/kg, depending on the pesticide and matrix) as well as minimizing environmental concerns, time, and laboratory effort. © 2006 Centro de Información Tecnológica.

Atividade microbiana em um Latossolo degradado tratado com lodo de esgoto

The degraded soil shows, in general, poor biological activity, considering its physical characteristics, low fertility and organic matter, mainly due to removal or degradation of its superficial layer. The sewage sludge, due to its high content of easily decomposed organic matter can be an alternate source of organic residues and combined to its high content of the principal nutrients for the plants can be an important factor to promote biological activities in degraded soil. In order to study the actions of the sewage sludge in the recovery of a degraded Latosol, the carbon in the microbial biomass (C mic), the carbon released CO2 (C-CO2) and the relation between microbial and organic carbon (Cmic/Corg) were used as indicators of the effects. To do so, two doses (30 and 60 Mg ha-1) of sewer slime applied in topdressing and incorporated together with a mineral fertilizer treatment, using the eucalyptus as a test crop. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions was used. The sewage sludge promoted increase of liberated C-CO2 and the C mic, which constitute the adequate quality indicators for monitoring the soil recovery.

Efeito do lodo de esgoto e do nitrogênio nos fatores produtivos do girassol

In Brazil, among the various alternatives for final disposal of sewage sludge, agricultural use is notable for its economy and environmental compatibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of composted sewage sludge and N parameters on sunflower production after the sixth application of sewage sludge in different doses. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel-SP, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu-SP. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, consisting of six treatments and four replications defined as follows: T0 - without nitrogen fertilization; T1 - chemical nitrogen fertilizer in accordance with the recommendation for the crop; T2 - 50% nitrogen derived from sewage sludge and 50% in mineral form; T3 - 100% nitrogen from sewage sludge; T4 - 150% nitrogen from sewage sludge; T5 - 200% nitrogen from sewage sludge. Increasing the dose of sewage sludge and N provided an increase in grain yield, oil and dry matter. The N influenced the increase in the weight of thousand grans.

Efeito do manejo e de níveis de lodo de esgoto na fertilidade do solo após tres aplicações

The agricultural use of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer is considered nowadays as on alternative of disposal, in the end of the residue in addition to possible environmental problems, it's using can decrease the mineral fertilizers and avoid provide organic matter to the soil. The objective of this study it was to evaluate the parameters of soil fertility under different managements and doses of sewage sludge after the third application of the residue. The experiment was carried out in São Manuel - SP, with the cultivation of sunflower in two consecutives cycles, followed by wheat and triticale without application of the residual, and in the following year with the application of sewage sludge and cultivated the black oats. It was adopted a randomized complete block design, consisting of six treatments and five repetitions defined as follows: T0 - without fertilization; T1 - mineral fertilizer nitrogen according to crop need, T2 - 50% of N from sewage sludge and 50% in mineral form, T3 - 100% of N from sewage sludge, T4 - 150% of N from sewage sludge, T5 - 200% of N derived from sewage sludge. Soil samples were collected in the end of the trial of oats. There were an increase in the levels of P, H + Al, CEC and OM, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn as a function of increasing dose of sewage sludge. To V% and pH were decreased the values in the proportional soil to the increase of sludge dose until 24 and 22 t ha-1, respectively and after increasing the pH and V%.

Níveis de lodo de esgoto no desenvolvimento, nutrição e produtividade da cultura do girassol

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Adubação mineral, esterco de curral e lodo de esgoto no desenvolvimento inicial do cafeeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Adubação fosfatada e lodo de esgoto compostado na nutrição da mamoneira de porte baixo, cultivada sob calagem e silicatagem

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Caracterização morfofisiológica dos hemócitos do Diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi antes e após exposição a substrato contendo lodo de esgoto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise histoquímica e molecular comparada do fluido espermatecal e da secreção das glândulas espermatecais das fêmeas e das glândulas de muco dos machos em três espécies de abelhas com diferentes níveis de sociabilidade

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Plantas daninhas, atributos biológicos e elementos-traço em latossolo tratado com lodo de esgoto por treze anos consecutivos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atributos químicos em solos tratados com lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso do lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina para adubação de cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV