Desempenho motor de escolares com dislexia, transtornos e dificuldades de aprendizagem

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concepções de professores sobre a temática das chamadas dificuldades de aprendizagem

This study aimed to identify the conceptions of learning difficulties of teachers working in the beginning years of elementary education. In order to analyze such conceptions from the perspective of inclusive education, the study was carried out in two schools in a city of the State of Paraná. Sixteen teachers (mean age of 41 years) participated in the study. Of these, only one had no higher education. Interviews were carried out individually in the teachers` schools. The interviews were conducted with the support of a topic outline including: aspects of classroom management of the classes in which teachers worked; how to identify students with learning disabilities; causes of learning difficulties; how the school can help a student with learning difficulties. Each interview lasted 50 minutes on average. They were transcribed in full and submitted to thematic analysis. Four categories of analysis were determined: characterization of educational institutions' proposal; conceptions on the identification of students with learning difficulties; conceptions about causes of learning difficulties; possibilities for assisting students with learning difficulties. The results indicated that the main factors reported by the participants on the characterization of pupils with learning difficulties were of the cognitive order. The data also showed that the teachers based their opinions on family aspects in order to focus on causes of learning difficulties; they attributed the largest parcel of responsibility for solving such situations to students' families. One of the main conclusions of this study allowed us to consider that the schools that were investigated reported a practice that doesn't meet the inclusive education assumptions, denoted by the attempt to homogenize regular classes.

A linguagem escrita na perspectiva de educadores: subsídios para propostas de assessoria fonoaudiológica escolar

PURPOSE: to describe a proposal that may contribute to the development of actions promoting health to back Speech therapists performance in school, based on educators' investigation on conceptions about the written language development process. METHOD: descriptive study performed through application of questionnaires in nineteen elementary school teachers in three public schools in a city in the State of Parana. The questionnaires contained questions on the development of written language, factors that favor and/or hinder this process. Data analysis was carried out through transcription of discursive replies and quantification of multiple-choice answers. From the content submitted in the replies, it was possible to create subject areas to be discussed. RESULTS: seven reports (35%) showing that the development process of written language starts at school were recorded; contact with writing was quoted twelve times (30%) as support for the development of written language; individual aspects were reported sixteen times (38%) as causes for learning difficulties; and there were twelve reports (39%) on forwarding to other professionals as a solution for such difficulties. CONCLUSION: educators have lack of fundamental knowledge for their educational practice regarding the literacy process, although most have training being consistent with what is advocated by LDB. It is not possible to generalize this conclusion, due to the small sized study sample.

Significados e expectativas de crianças das camadas populares em relação à escolarização

Nowadays, we understand the childhood as a result of historical and social changes. This work aims to comprehend representations and expectations made by children from the popular classes in the initial years of Fundamentaql Education. We conducted a research with six students from a public school that attends children from urban popular layer's families. The research examines the meanings and representations of educational practices developed in the relationships established among teachers, students and families through their life stories. Among the results, we can say that the environment of differentiation in the school id perceived to the students because they introject teacher's representations about their performance. Scientific studies show that children crystallize a positive image of the shool when the speech and posture of the institution value and encourage learning. However, the students are challenged to produce better results in order to participate in extracurricular activities, which they are excluded todue indiscipline or learning difficulties. The mean of the schooling is highly influenced by the performance of students and also by the attitude of educators in the family and in the school. The theoretical review points out that when students have a good performance, the merit is attributed to stress and ease they have to acquire the learning contents. In other hand, struggling students or with a lag of content explains the academic problems stems from the lack of capacity and potential for acquisition of learning compatible with age, defining schooling as something necessary for training, but which is inaccessible in their life stories

Dificuldades e/ou problemas de aprendizagem: concepções e práticas docentes

It is known that some children fail to learn in school and among them are those that present difficulties and / or learning problems. At this difficulty and / or problems are attributed to various causes neurological problems, environmental or both. The areas most likely to be affected are: reading, writing and mathematics. This situation happens frequently in the daily life of schools and teachers should be prepared to work with diversity and enable the development of all, this includes having this particular part of the school population has a significant learning and an appropriate social relationship. It is therefore aim of this study, to investigate the conceptions of teachers in relation to the theme and possible practices of those in public elementary schools in Bauru city, a medium-sized city in the state of Sao Paulo, with those children who can not learn. Because it is a fact that often occurs in schools, it is necessary to investigate how teachers are working with these students since the school should ensure quality education for all and pedagogical efficiency. To obtain the data we used a questionnaire with multiple choice and essay questions, this tool was applied to a municipal school. It was noted that there is confusion between the terms learning difficulties and problems which affect the performance of teachers with these students and the working conditions of educators hinder their practices

Aprendizagem dos alunos de 5º ano do ensino fundamental em aritmética e suas dificuldades na resolução de problemas com estrutura multiplicativa

The topic in this work involving the resolution of problems with structure multiplicativa emerged from discussions carried out on the difficulties encountered by students of the first cycle of the Fundamental School in Mathematics, mainly in respect of the arithmetic. The research had as objective to investigate the main difficulties presented by these students when they are faced with a task for a resolution of problems with multiplicativa structure. Were participants, in the first stage of the study, 20 students of the fifth year of the Fundamental School of a state school of public education of the State of Sao Paulo. These students have an assessment containing ten problems with structure multiplicativa answered a questionnaire regarding of mathematics. In the second stage, were selected two students to participate in the think aloud. The data analysis showed that the difficulties presented by the participants were: 1- difficulty to read and interpret the set of problems; 2- select the operation correct; 3- to operate correctly; 4 – Trouble writing

Caracterização do desempenho de escolares com e sem dificuldades de aprendizagem em tarefas de consciência fonológica

Learning to read and write at an early stage is the process of transferring the sound form of the spoken language for the graphical form of writing, a process, a time that in our system of alphabetical called writing, the letters are graphical representations in the level of phoneme. So that this representation occurs, it is necessary that the individual already can of some form perceive and manipulate the different sonorous segments of the word. This capacity of perception directed to the segments of the word calls Phonological Awareness. Thus, it was established had for objective to verify the pertaining to school performance of 1ª to 4ª series with and without of learning in Tests of Phonological Awareness. Fourth children with age average of 9 years and 3 months without learning disabilities had been submitted to the Protocol of Phonological Awareness (CIELO, 2002) using of this instrument had participated of this study 80 pertaining to school of both only the phonological tasks. The data received from quantiqualitative approach whose results were extracted inferences. The statistically significant results occurred in the tasks of Realism Face Detection, Syllables, Detecting Phonemes, Phonemic Synthesis and Reversal Phonemic. Based on the results we observed that children without learning difficulties performed better on all tasks mentioned above

Dificuldades de aprendizagem em cálculo e a relação com raciocínio lógico formal: uma análise no ensino superior

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A (des) motivação extrínseca no contexto escolar: análise de um estudo de caso

The motivation of the pupils has been pointed as one of the factors that have influenced directly about what and as they learn. The boardings social-cognitivists of the motivation point two orientations: the intrinsic, that it is seen as natural trend of the individual, in which it executes an activity for considering it attractive, and the extrinsical, with the purpose to take care of to requests or pressures of other people, or to demonstrate to aptitudes and abilities. This research investigates the extrinsical motivation and its consequences in the pertaining to school performance of a pupil considered for the professors as having learning difficulties. The results of the research indicate the influence of the pertaining to school and familiar environment in the motivation and, this in the pertaining to school performance of the pupil, pointing the relevance of studies on the thematic one.

Case study of children of referrals to health services: an individualizing design?

Nowadays education for all is recommended as an international action. However in Brazil one can observe homogeneous practices for a heterogeneous public. When the student has learning difficulties, there seems to be an attempt to normalization and pathologization by the means of referral, many times being indiscriminate, to health services. This case study aimed to analyze records of pedagogical strategies to meet the students educational needs before sending them to health services. Two records sent to a multidisciplinary team of a Regional Specialty Clinic (ARE) in a city of the state of São Paulo/Brazil, were used. The results reflect that the records of the educators do not show the pedagogical strategies used with the students and that the education system still seeks homogeneous classes, devaluating the diversity present in its context.

Significações de si: sala de apoio como lugar destinado ao não saber na escola

The qualitative study, in its descriptive and interpretive modality, was based on Piaget's theoretical framework in order to analyze the significances of fifty-two students attending classes with tutors. The results indicated that the significances of students about difficulties on learning, errors and tutoring have to do with stereotypes, stigmas and inferiority of their condition to achieve learning objectives. Learning difficulties are seen as a problem of their own personal or family situation, while tutoring a place of punishment for those who have learning difficulties.

Elementos psicomotores e fatores sociais relacionados ao desenvolvimento motor e dificuldades de aprendizagem em crianças ingressantes no ensino fundamental

In humans, psychic and motor skills are interdependent, and therefore, cannot fail to take into account the influence of a good psychomotor development in the prevention of learning difficulties. Another factor that interferes with the learning process is the social. Family problems, socioeconomic status of the child, among others, may be associated with learning difficulties and, consequently, the student's performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate through the elements of psychomotor, if a delay in neuropsychomotor development may be related to the presence of learning problems in children entering elementary school. Also, determine whether there were differences regarding the presence or absence of these difficulties in students from middle and low social class and have family problems or not. For this, we analyzed two classes of 49 students from 1 year of elementary education at a public school in the city of Bauru/SP, aged between 6 and 7 years. These students were tested for the ENE proposed by Lefèvre (1976) to assess the maturity of the nervous system. A pre-designed questionnaire was answered by the teachers of classes to know students' academic performance, learning difficulties presented by them, social status and the presence of family problems. All students participating in the survey had the term sheet signed by the parents, allowing participation in the study. To reach the results, we applied the Anova and Tukey test for comparison analysis of mean age in the performance of ENE. To investigate the existence of a relationship between performance in the ENE and learning difficulties, we used the calculation of Pearson correlation. To analyze the difference in average scores of learning disabilities in students from different social classes and among those who had family problems or not, comparative graphs were used with the averages obtained from the questionnaire answered by the teachers for each learning...

Dificuldades de aprendizagem no contexto escolar: perspectivas para sua compreensão e superação

Inside my participation in the Teacher Education for the Educational Service of Students with Learning Disabilities extension project, which serves elementary school students which are presented by the school as students with learning desabilities in reading and writing, and in view of the large amount of material already published in relation of this issue it is necessary theoretical depth to better understand these entitled desabilities. Considering as how they are perceived and diagnosed by the school team, worked in the context of the classroom, understood by the parents and how these difficulties intefere in the lives of these students. It is known that due to these difficulties many students end up producing a feeling of school failure, a fact that leads, in many cases, to the dropout of these students. Given the need to discuss such pressing issues I present as the goal of this paper: characterize what learning to write and reading difficulties really are and speculate what are the possibilities of educational interventions within the school context to motivate and assist in overcoming the students‟ learning difficulties. Using resources such as a record notebook, activities already implemented, and leaning on the concept of school failure and learning difficulties, the metodology of this study is defined as documentary literature

Função afim e suas propriedades através da resolução de problemas

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

T-Learning: limites e possibilidades em televisão digital interativa

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC