Long-term landscape evolution and post-rift reactivation in the southeastern Brazilian passive continental margin: Taubat, basin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The influence of landscape on the spatial and temporal distribution of stream macroalgal communities of two types of subtropical biomes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The semisynthetic landscape of aphidicolin: inspiration towards leishmanicidal compounds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nanostructured screen-printed electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers for determination of metronidazole in different matrices

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Landscape Diversity Influences Dispersal and Establishment of Pest with Complex Nutritional Ecology

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversity of leaf-litter anurans in a fragmented landscape of the Atlantic Plateau of Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Site Selection for Restoration Planning: A Protocol With Landscape and Legislation Based Alternatives

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da matriz na capacidade de aves flrestais moverem-se na paisagem

Matrix can be defined as a portion of the landscape, that somewhere in time suffered intense human disturbance, such as decreasing of native vegetation. The matrix surrounding the forest fragments may create a certain resistance to the movements of individuals (RICKETTS, 2001). The Atlantic rainforest present in the Corumbataí river basin lost about 89% of its original vegetation, leading to a highly fragmented landscape (VALENTE e VETTORAZZI, 2005). In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the matrix and the characteristic capacity of two forest birds, Dysithamnus mentalis and Basileuterus flaveolus, moving around the landscape. With this aim, six fragments were selected, three with sugar cane matrix, three with Eucalyptus sp. matrix. The methodology utilized to evaluate the response of the birds was playback technique. First the vocalizations were carried out at the forest matrix boundary, in the edge, attracting individuals to the matrix. As the responses were generated, the playback was moved increasingly inside the matrix, observing the distances traveled by the species. The control trials were conducted inside the fragments, the playback was played at the edge and as the responses were observed, the vocalizations were carried out inside the fragment until the moment that individuals ceased answers. It could be observed that for individuals of D. mentalis the matrix generated a high resistance, because no individual entered the matrix. For B. flaveolus the average distance traveled in both matrices was 70 meters, indicating statistically high resistance of the sugar cane matrix and Eucalyptus sp. Considering the characteristics of different matrices, it was found that both matrices generate similar resistance in the movement of these species

Stability at different temperatures of turmeric oleoresin encapsulated in maltodextrin/gelatin matrices by freeze-drying

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which has been used for long time as a spice, food preservative and coloring agent, is a rich source of beneficial phenolic compounds identified as curcuminoids. These phenolic compounds are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties, among others. On the other hand, they are very susceptible to oxidation, requiring protection against oxygen, light and heat. This protection can be achieved by microencapsulation. In this work, the characteristics and the stability of turmeric oleoresin encapsulated by freeze-drying using mixtures of maltodextrin and gelatin as wall materials were studied. Encapsulated turmeric oleoresin was stored at –20, 25 and 60 °C, in the absence of light, and analyzed over a period of 35 days for curcumin and total phenolic contents and color. Results showed that the samples produced with 26% maltodextrin/0.6% gelatin and 22% maltodextrin/3% gelatin presented good encapsulation efficiencies and solubility. In general, the method of encapsulation employed originated products with satisfactory thermal stability, although the encapsulated materials with a higher proportion of maltodextrin in relation to gelatin had better stabilities, especially at –20 and 25 °C temperatures.

Stability of curcumin microencapsulated by spray and freeze drying in binary and ternary matrices of maltodextrin, gum arabic and modified starch

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Water distribution in dentin matrices: Bound vs. unbound water

Objective. This work measured the amount of bound versus unbound water in completely-demineralized dentin.Methods. Dentin beams prepared from extracted human teeth were completely demineralized, rinsed and dried to constant mass. They were rehydrated in 41% relative humidity (RH), while gravimetrically measuring their mass increase until the first plateau was reached at 0.064 (vacuum) or 0.116 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite). The specimens were then exposed to 60% RH until attaining the second plateau at 0.220 (vacuum) or 0.191 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite), and subsequently exposed to 99% RH until attaining the third plateau at 0.493 (vacuum) or 0.401 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite).Results. Exposure of the first layer of bound water to 0% RH for 5 min produced a -0.3% loss of bound water; in the second layer of bound water it caused a -3.3% loss of bound water; in the third layer it caused a -6% loss of bound water. Immersion in 100% ethanol or acetone for 5 min produced a 2.8 and 1.9% loss of bound water from the first layer, respectively; it caused a -4 and -7% loss of bound water in the second layer, respectively; and a -17 and -23% loss of bound water in the third layer. Bound water represented 21-25% of total dentin water. Chemical dehydration of water-saturated dentin with ethanol/acetone for 1 min only removed between 25 and 35% of unbound water, respectively.Signcance. Attempts to remove bound water by evaporation were not very successful. Chemical dehydration with 100% acetone was more successful than 100% ethanol especially the third layer of bound water. Since unbound water represents between 75 and 79% of total matrix water, the more such water can be removed, the more resin can be infiltrated. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional and phylogenetic diversity of scattered trees in an agricultural landscape: Implications for conservation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)