Role of nitric oxide and beta-adrenoceptors of the central nervous system on the salivary flow induced by pilocarpine injection into the lateral ventricle

Our studies have focused on the effect of L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and L-arginine, the substrate of NOS, on salivary secretion induced by the administration of pilocarpine into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LV) of rats. The present study has also investigated the role of the beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonist injected into LV on the salivary secretion elicited by the injection of pilocarpine into LV. Male Holtzmann rats with a stainless-steel cannula implanted into the LV were used. The amount of salivary secretion was studied over a 7-min period after injection of pilocarpine, isoproterenol, propranolol, salbutamol, salmeterol, L-NAME and L-arginine. The injection of pilocarpine (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mug/mul) into LV produced a dose-dependent increase in salivary secretion. The injection of L-NAME (40 mug/mul) into LV alone produced an increase in salivary secretion. The injection of L-NAME into LV previous to the injection of pilocarpine produced an increase in salivary secretion. L-Arginine (30 mug/mul) injected alone into LV produced no change in salivary secretion. L-Arginine injected into LV attenuated pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion. The isoproterenol (40 nmol/mul) injected into LV increased into LV increased the salivary secretion. When injected previous to pilocarpine at a dose of 20 and 40 mug/mul, isoproterenol produced and additive effect on pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion. The 40-nmol/mul dose of propranolol injected alone or previous to pilocarpine into LV attenuated the pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion. The injection of salbutamol (40 nmol/mul), a specific beta-2 agonist, injected alone into LV produced no change in salivary secretion and when injected previous to pilocarpine produced and increase in salivary secretion. The 40-nmol/mul dose of salmeterol, a long-acting beta-2 agonist, injected into LV alone or previous to pilocarpine produced no change in salivary secretion. The results have shown that central injections of L-NAME and L-arginine interfere with the salivary secretion, which implies that might participate in pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion. The interaction between cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptors of the central nervous system (CNS) for the control of salivary secretion can also be postulated. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functional relationship between subfrnical organ cholinergic stimulation and nitrergic activation influencing cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis

We have studied the effects of L-NG-nitro arginine methyl esther (L-NAME), L-arginine (LAR), inhibitor and a donating nitric oxide agent on the alterations of salivary flow, water intake, arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) induced by the injection pilocarpine into the subfornical organ (SFO). Rats (Holtzman 250-300 g) were anesthetized with 2, 2, 2-tribromoethanol (20 mg/100 kg b. wt.) and a stainless steel carmula were implanted into their SFO. The volume of injection was 0.2 mu l. The amount of saliva secretion was studied over a 5-min period. Pilocarpine (40 mu g), L-NAME (40 mu g) and LAR (30 mu g) were used in all experiments for the injection into the SFO. Pilocarpine (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mu g) injected into SFO elicited a concentration-dependent increase in salivary secretion. L-NAME injected prior to pilocarpine into the SFO increased salivary secretion and water intake due to the effect of pilocarpine. LAR injected prior to pilocarpine into the SFO attenuated the salivary secretion and water intake. Pilocarpine, injected into the SFO increased the MAP and decreased heart rate (HR). L-NAME injected prior to pilocarpine into the SFO potentiated the pressor effect of pilocarpine with a decrease in HR. LAR injected into the SFO prior to pilocarpine attenuated the increase in MAP with no changes in HR. The present study suggests that the SFO nitrergic cells interfere in the cholinergic pathways implicated in the control of salivary secretion, fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

A cross-over randomised clinical trial of eccentric occlusion in complete dentures

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respiratory pressures and expiratory peak flow rate of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Unique Derived Features in Spermiogenesis and Sperm Morphology Supporting a Close Relationship between the Species of Hollandichthys and Rachoviscus (Characiformes: Characidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of blood viscosity to cerebral blood flow in older humans compared to young subjects

Objective: Since blood viscosity (BV) is one of the most important factors determining blood flow, this study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between increased blood viscosity and reduction of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy ageing.Methods: Male subjects were distributed in two groups: "young", aged 20-30 (27 volunteers), or "elderly", aged 60-70 (50 volunteers). Whole blood viscosity was obtained with a Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer. Cerebral blood flow was analysed by means of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Results: The mean BV values were 3.28 +/- 0.43 mPa in the group of young volunteers and 4.33 +/- 0.73 mPa in the group of elderly volunteers (t = -6.9, p < 0.0001). The elderly had a lower blood flow than the young in the following regions: bilateral parietal; temporal-parietal and temporal of the left hemisphere. Pearson's correlation between BV and rCBF showed a good inverse correlation when the BV was above 3.95 +/- 0.83 mPa.Conclusions: Our results point to a close relationship between the two parameters analysed, BV and rCBF. The impairment in rCBF observed in the elderly volunteers might be due to an increase in BV, among other factors.Significance: These findings suggest interesting possibilities for the treatment/prevention of brain ageing. (C) 2011 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FLOW PROPERTIES and TUBE FRICTION FACTOR of MILK CREAM: INFLUENCE of TEMPERATURE and FAT CONTENT

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contemporary gene flow and weak genetic structuring in Rococo toad (Rhinella schneideri) populations in habitats fragmented by agricultural activities

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The complex sine-Gordon equation as a symmetry flow of the AKNS hierarchy

It is shown how the complex sine-Gordon equation arises as a symmetry flow of the AKNS hierarchy. The AKNS hierarchy is extended by the 'negative' symmetry flows forming the Borel loop algebra. The complex sine-Gordon and the vector nonlinear Schrodinger equations appear as lowest-negative and second-positive flows within the extended hierarchy. This is fully analogous to the well known connection between the sine-Gordon and mKdV equations within the extended mKdV hierarchy. A general formalism for a Toda-like symmetry occupying the 'negative' sector of the sl(N) constrained KP hierarchy and giving rise to the negative Borel sl(N) loop algebra is indicated.

Characterization of micro-bubble size distribution and flow configuration in DAF contact zone by a non-intrusive image analysis system and tracer tests

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of Glyphosate in Water Samples by Multi-pumping Flow System Coupled to a Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Start-up adjustment of a plug-flow digester for cassava wastewater (manipueira) treatment

Um dos resíduos gerados no processamento da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) é a manipueira, passível de tratamento por biodigestão anaeróbia. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o processo de partida de um biodigestor tipo plug-flow, tratando manipueira de duas maneiras: diminuindo-se gradativamente o tempo de retenção hidráulica (TRH) até se chegar ao tempo pré-estabelecido, quatro dias; ou mantendo-se o TRH fixo em quatro dias e aumentando-se gradativamente a concentração do afluente. O biodigestor, com capacidade 1980 mL, foi mantido a temperatura de 32ºC ± 1. Empregou-se como substrato manipueira e ajustou-se o pH entre 5,5 e 6,0. A primeira etapa foi caracterizada empregando-se TRH de 16,6; 13,6; 11,6 e 9,6 dias e 3,1; 2,0; 2,3 e 2,9 g DQO L-1 d-1 de carga orgânica, respectivamente. Na segunda etapa manteve-se TRH fixo, 4 dias, porém cargas orgânicas de 0,48, 0,86, 1,65 e 2,46 g DQO L-1 d-1. Determinaram-se no afluente e efluente, sólidos totais (ST) e sólidos voláteis (SV), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), alcalinidade e acidez volátil. Na primeira etapa, melhores resultados foram observados trabalhando com TRH 9,6 dias e carga orgânica 2,9 g DQO L-1 d-1, quando houve redução de DQO, ST e SV de 60%, 44% e 60%, respectivamente. Na segunda etapa o TRH de 4 dias apresentou melhores resultados empregando-se carga orgânica de 0,86 g DQO L-1 d-1, houve redução de 71%, 58% e 79% de DQO, ST e SV, respectivamente. A partida do biodigestor plug-flow tratando manipueira, pode ser realizada tanto diminuindo-se o TRH, quanto mantendo-o fixo e aumentado-se a concentração do afluente.

Forced convection to laminar flow of liquid egg yolk in circular and annular ducts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Identification of haploid maize by flow cytometry, morphological and molecular markers

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of methyldopa in pharmaceutical formulations

A flow-injection spectrophotometric procedure is proposed for methyldopa determination in pharmaceutical preparations. The determination is based on formation of a yellow product (measured at 410 nm) after complexation of methyldopa with molybdate. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range of 50-200 mg l(-1) methyldopa. Typical correlation between absorbance and analyte concentration was 0.9999. Usual excipients used as additives in pharmaceuticals do not interfere with the proposed method. The analytical frequency was 210 h(-1) and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was <= 2% for sample solution containing 150 mg l(-1) methyldopa (n = 11). The analytical results obtained in commercial formulations by applying the proposed FIA method were in good agreement with labeled values and those obtained by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia procedure at 95% confidence level. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.