Evaluation of the Smear Layer and Hybrid Layer in Noncarious and Carious Dentin Prepared by Air Abrasion System and Diamond Tips

Purpose: To analyze the smear layer and the hybrid layer in noncarious and carious dentin prepared by different cutting instruments and restored with composite resin. Study design: Cavities were randomly prepared in 160 specimens (noncarious and artificial carious dentin) by high-speed diamond tips (KG Sorensen 1013), air abrasion system (Prepstart, Danville Engineering), ultrasonic tip (CVDentus 8.3231-1), and ultrasonic tip associated with ultrasonic cavitation by water for 10 s. Half of the cavities in each group were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s. The amount of smear layer and dentinal tubules present were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and graded from 0 to 3. Cavities were prepared in another 20 noncarious specimens and 20 carious specimens and restored with adhesive composite resin system. The restorations were hemisected longitudinally and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the hybrid layer and resinous prolongation characteristics, using scores ranging from 1 to 6. Results: The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 5% of significance level. There was evidence that the most efficient smear layer removal was the acid etching in the noncarious dentin and the water ultrasonic cavitation in the carious dentin. The hybrid layer formed on the noncarious and carious dentin prepared by the ultrasonic tip was more regular than in the specimens prepared by high-speed diamond tip, with many resinous prolongations. Conclusion: The ultrasonic tip seems to be a promising tool for carious dentin cavity preparation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:597-605, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Force system evaluation of symmetrical beta-titanium T-loop springs preactivated by curvature and concentrated bends

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Direct pulp capping with a self-etching adhesive system: Histopathologic evaluation in dogs' teeth

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of the thermoplasticity of gutta-percha and Resilon (R) using the Obtura II System at different temperature settings

Aim To analyse the thermoplasticity of several endodontic filling materials using the Obtura II System at different temperature settings.Methodology The following materials based on gutta-percha: Regular Obtura (OBT), Obtura Flow 150 (OBT F), Endo Flow (EDF), Odous (ODO) and the synthetic thermoplastic polymer material Resilon (RE) were heated using the Obtura II System at three temperature settings (140, 170 and 200 degrees C). Samples of the heated materials were placed on the sensor of a digital thermometer (THR-140; Instrutherm, São Paulo, Brazil) to determine their real temperature (RT) when the system was set at 140 degrees C (from 64.5 to 69 degrees C), 170 degrees C (from 73.8 to 77.5 degrees C) and 200 degrees C (from 83.6 degrees C for EDF and 100 degrees C for RE). Specimens (n = 30) were made by placing samples of each material in metallic ring moulds and compressing them between two glass slabs. After 24 h, specimens (n = 10) were heated at the different settings (RT) and submitted to compression under a 5-kg load. Plasticization was assessed by calculating the differences between the post-compression and initial diameters of each specimen. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance.Results At 140 degrees C, Obtura Flow presented the highest thermoplasticity values and Regular Obtura, the lowest. At 170 degrees C, Obtura Flow and Resilon demonstrated greater plasticization. Resilon had the highest mean thermoplasticity values at 200 degrees C.Conclusions Thermoplasticity values were influenced both by the temperature settings on the Obtura II System and by the type of material analysed. Obtura Flow and Resilon had the highest mean thermoplasticity values.

Evaluation of the Diramic system for urine cultures

O sistema Diramic foi avaliado para o diagnóstico das infecções do trato urinário (ITU). O sistema Diramic foi desenvolvido em Cuba e possibilita resultados de diagnóstico das infecções do trato urinário (ITU) em quatro horas e baseia-se na variação da turvação do crescimento microbiano no meio de cultura após incubação a 37ºC/4 horas. 396 amostras de urinas provenientes de ambulatórios e enfermarias do HC da FMB-UNESP-Botucatu/SP foram analisadas pelo sistema Diramic. O método da alça calibrada (AC) foi adotado como método de referência. A taxa de coincidência entre os dois métodos foi de 96,46% (382 amostras de urina), não havendo diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos nos dois métodos. Os resultados para sensibilidade e especificidade foram 84,37 e 98,80% respectivamente e 10 resultados no Diramic foram falsos negativos (2,5%) e 4 falso positivos (1,01%). Os microrganismos identificados nas urinas positivas foram Escherichia coli (68,75%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10,94%), leveduras (6,25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4,69%), Enterobacter cloacae (3,12%) e Proteus mirabilis, Staphyloccocus coagulase negativo, Morganella morganii e Citrobacter freundii também foram identificadas (1,56% para cada espécie). O método Diramic foi eficiente na triagem das urinoculturas, porém verificou-se algumas restrições quanto ao diagnóstico das infecções do trato urinário quando causadas por leveduras e em pacientes submetidos a antibioticoterapia.

Action of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) on Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females: Morphophysiological evaluation of reproductive system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of a composite resin in sound, demineralized and hypermineralized bovine dentin after irradiation with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers, employing a self-etching adhesive system

Background and Objectives. The adhesion of dental materials is important for the success of treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of a composite resin applied with a self-etching adhesive system in different dentins after irradiation with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers, observing their morphologic pattern using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods. The buccal surface of 72 bovine incisors was worn until exposure of medium depth dentin. The specimens were divided into three groups; GI: normal, GII: demineralized and GIII: hypermineralized dentin. These were also divided into two subgroups; A-irradiated for 30 s with Er:YAG laser in noncontact mode at 40 mJ and 6 Hz and B- irradiated for 30 s with Nd:YAG laser in contact mode at 60 mJ and 10 Hz. The adhesive system Clearfil SE. Bond (Kuraray) and composite resin Tetric Ceram (Vivadent) were applied on the irradiated area by the incremental technique. After storage for 24 h in distilled water at 37 degrees C, the specimens were submitted to the shear strength test in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Other specimens were made to be analyzed by SEM. Results. The results were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance and the Tukey test. Regardless of the type of dentin, the bond strength of specimens irradiated with the Nd:YAG laser (8,94 +/- 2,07) was higher compared to specimens irradiated with the Er:YAG laser (7,03 +/- 2,47); the highest bond strength was obtained for the group of hypermineralized dentin irradiated with the Nd:YAG laser. The SEM analysis showed that the Er:YAG laser caused opening of tubules and the Nd:YAG laser produced areas of fusion as well as regions of opening of dentinal tubules. Conclusions. The dentin showed different morphological patterns and the laser promote alterations on their surfaces, influencing the bond strength of the composite resin. (C) 2010 Laser Institute of America.

Evaluation and Application of TS-FF-AAS System Using Ceramic Tube as Atomization Cell for Tin Determination in Canned Foods

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of extracts from Coccoloba mollis using the Salmonella/microsome system and in vivo tests

The common everyday use of medicinal plants is an ancient, and still very widespread practice, whereby the need for studies on their possible toxicity and mutagenic properties. The species Coccoloba mollis has been much used in phytotherapy, mainly in cases involving loss of memory and stress. In order to investigate its genotoxic and mutagenic potential, ethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots underwent Salmonella/microsome assaying (TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without exogenous metabolism - S9), besides comet and micronucleus tests in vivo.There was no significant increase in the number of revertants/plate of Salmonella strains in any of the analyzed root-extract concentrations, although the extract itself was extremely toxic to the Salmonella TA98 strain in the tests carried out with S9 (doses varying from 0.005 to 0.5 µg/plate). on the other hand, the leaf-extract induced mutations in the TA98 strain in the absence of S9 in the highest concentration evaluated, although at very low mutagenic potency (0.004 rev/µg). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant increase in the number of comets and micronuclei, in treatments involving Swiss mice. It was obvious that extracts of Coccoloba mollis, under the described experimental conditions, are not mutagenic.

Evaluation of rare earth oxides doping SnO2.(Co1/4,Mn3/4)O-based varistor system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of cutting patterns produced in primary teeth by an air-abrasion system

Objective: the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of tip diameter, nozzle distance, and application time of an air-abrasion system for cavity preparation on the enamel of primary teeth. Method and materials: Forty exfoliated primary teeth were air abraded with a microabrasion machine used with a handpiece with an 80-degree-angle nozzle, 50-mum abrasive particle size, and 80-psi air pressure. The effects of 0.38- or 0.48-mm inner tip diameter, 2- or 5-mm distance from tip to tooth surface, and 15 or 30 seconds of application time on cutting efficiency were evaluated. Cutting width and depth were analyzed and measured from scanning electron micrographs. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the width of the cuts was significantly greater when the tip distance was increased. Significantly deeper cavities were produced by a tip with a 0.48-mm inner diameter. The application time did not influence the cuts. Conclusion: the cutting patterns found in this study suggest that precise removal of enamel in primary teeth is best accomplished when a tip with a 0.38-mm inner diameter is used at a 2-mm distance.

A Biophysical Evaluation of a MSW-to-energy System

A biophysical understanding of the MSW-to-energy facility located at the Sao Joao landfill in São Paulo is performed using emergy synthesis. The implementation of a plan for environmental compensation in fulfillment of State's requirements was also assessed. Emergy based indices are calculated to assess the environmental pressure and sustainability status of the biogas project. The study was conducted by combining the study of emergy indicators and the net emergy yield ratio to determine long-term sustainability and measure global environmental stress. The Emergy investment to the use of biogas is relatively low and profitable. The implementation of the project for environmental compensation does not change the Emergy investment significantly, but the energy recovery is high. The conclusions justify the effort invested in developing MSW-to-energy plants and are applicable for policy makers in a highly sensitive sector to achieve sustainability goals - recovery of energy.