199 resultados para Doença crónica
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OBJECTIVE: to describe elderly mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and neoplasms in Marilia (SP). METHODS: this is a descriptive study of mortality from three diseases as defined by the 10th International Classification of Diseases, between 1998-2000 and 2005-2007. Mortality Information System records were used. Mortality rates by age and sex were calculated. RESULTS: circulatory diseases were the main causes of death among the elderly (39.25%). Neoplasm decline was noticed in both sexes and in those aged 60-69, particularly prostate cancer in men (-83.86%) and breast cancer (-70.96%) in this age group. Deaths from respiratory diseases increased in patients aged 80 and older: 39.31% in men and 57.92% in women. CONCLUSION: mortality from circulatory diseases and neoplasms among the elderly showed a decline, with increased mortality from respiratory system problems in patients 80 years of age and older.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic illness with great potential to cause comorbidities resulting from cumulative inflammatory activities, and it contributes with the increase of disabilities and death of patients. It affects 1 to 2% of world population and usually occurs between 30 and 50 years of age. Among existing therapeutic options for the disease non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) still play an important part in the treatment, being widely used by patients to relieve pain and stiffness. However, this class of drugs causes many adverse gastrointestinal effects, such as dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea and vomit, and its use is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers. Mangiferin (a glicosilated xanthone extracted mainly from the bark of Mangifera indica L.) is the main compound of an aqueous extract made from the bark stem of the mango tree. Previous studies conducted by our research group prove the anti-inflammatory action of mangiferin on an animal model of periodontitis, and its gastroprotective action has been described before. Considering these informations this study evaluated mangiferin’s potential on the treatment of RA and on gastric ulcer healing in animal models, and analyzed toxicity parameters to assure efficacy and safety of the compound as potential new drug for the treatment of the disease. RA was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen and Freund’s complete adjuvant. This method presented low incidence of RA in rats, but we were able to induce the disease in 60 to 70% of the animals. Due to the wide use of NSAIDs and its potential to cause peptic ulcers, we induced gastric ulcer on arthritic rats to analyze mangiferin’s gastric healing effect. After 14 days of treatment we noticed small increase of the lesion area of animals treated with mangiferin or ibuprofen, when compared to the animals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing disease caused by exaggerated response of the immune system. It represents a significant health problem by limiting the quality of life and being the main risk factor for colorectal cancer. Despite of its importance, the high worldwide incidence and being the object of research for several decades, the etiology remains unknown. Studies indicates an interaction between genetic and environmental factors which together with the intestinal microbiota, leads to an uncontrolled immune response. One of the aggravating environmental factors often discussed is stress, as the daily life of the population in general is increasingly rushed. In order to demonstrate the influence of stress on IBD, this study aimed to standardize an experimental model of colitis induced by instillation of a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) noninflammatory concentration plus exposure to stress that intensify the inflammation. Therefore, an experiment was done to determine what would be the noninflammatory concentration. In this step, four different concentrations of TNBS (1, 6, 12.5 or 40mg/ml) were tested and the lowest concentration capable of inducing a noninflammatory response in the gut was defined as 1 mg/ml. Then, a second experiment was performed which induced colitis and exposed the animals to restraint stress. The results, however, showed that this stimulus was not enough to exacerbate the damage caused by the 1 mg/ml concentration of TNBS in the colon. With some changes in the protocol, the third experiment associated cold and restraint, as well as changes on the day of euthanasia, which occurred immediately after the stress session. The results of myeloperoxidase activity measurement were unexpected due to the noninflammatory concentration of TNBS caused an intestinal inflammation similar to the concentration of 40 mg/ml. However, the results of glutathione quantification and the corticosterone ...
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Este trabalho teve o objetivo elaborar e produzir uma cartilha informativa com noções fisiológicas básicas envolvidas no controle da pressão arterial, bem como a descrição da hipertensão e prevenção destinadas a alunos a partir do Ensino Médio, pois além da hipertensão arterial ser uma doença crônica que se caracteriza pela elevação da pressão arterial sistêmica persistente e compor um dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais importantes e comuns, apresentando altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade em todos os grupos populacionais, o conceito de pressão arterial e a importância da manutenção dos níveis pressóricos normais devem ser difundidos, a fim de auxiliar no autocuidado com a saúde. Para a formulação adequada da cartilha realizou - se um estudo prévio com 60 alunos de Ensino Médio de uma escola municipal de Botucatu, e através de um questionário avaliamos quantitativamente e qualitativamente por análise de conteúdo: vocabulário, conceitos, interesse sobre pressão arterial e temas interligados. Os dados gerados na análise de conteúdo propiciaram a formulação da cartilha
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The Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative and progressive disorder, characterized by cognitive decline, affecting brain functions like memory, reasoning and communication, occurrence of behavioral disturbances and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs). These conditions lead to patient’s dependence, which can cause depressive symptoms in caregivers, due to physical and mental burden caused by of the difficulties of the act of caring. Whereupon, it became necessary to find strategies to improve the caregivers’ quality of life. An interesting hypothesis is that physical activity can be considered a non-pharmacological alternative in reducing depressive symptoms, being an important factor for maintaining the physical and mental well-being of the general population, especially on positive changes in mood and social interaction. This study aimed to analyze the effects of a physical activity protocol on depressive symptoms and burden of caregivers of patients with AD. This experimental study, of longitudinal character, comprised a sample of 19 caregivers, of both genders, divided into two groups: a) intervention group – IG (10 caregivers who participated in a physical activity protocol) and b) control group – CG (9 caregivers who didn’t participate in the physical activity protocol). This protocol, which worked the components of functional ability and social interaction of participants, was held three times a week, being 48 sessions of 60 minutes each, for 16 weeks. Data collect was performed at pre and post-intervention for both groups. The assessment instruments used were: a) Zarit Burden Interview, b) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and c) battery of motor tests of the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD). Nonparametric statistics was used, with intra-group comparison by Wilcoxon test... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma doença crônica degenerativa de etiologia multifatorial e poligênica, caracterizada pela presença de níveis tensionais elevados, sendo considerada um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos demonstram que cerca de um bilhão de indivíduos apresentam HAS em todo mundo, sendo esta patologia responsável por 7,1 milhões de morte a cada ano. Diversos fatores estão associados ao aumento da incidência da hipertensão arterial, como obesidade, dislipidemias, dieta rica em sal, alterações nos níveis hormonais e sedentarismo. Após o período da menopausa, observa-se significativa elevação nos valores de pressão arterial dessa população, sendo estes similares ou até maiores aos dos homens para esse mesmo período. O sistema renina-angiotensina (SRAA) desempenha importante papel no controle dos sistemas cardiovascular e renal e a angiotensina II é um potente vasoconstritor desse sistema, formado a partir da ação da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (ECA). Por outro lado, a recente descoberta da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina 2 (ECA2), um homólogo da ECA, mudou todo o conceito do SRAA. A ECA 2 é responsável pela formação do peptídeo angiotensina- (1-7) a partir da clivagem do último aminoácido (fenilalanina) da angiotensina II. Recentes evidências têm demonstrado efeitos benéficos da angiotensina-(1-7) para as doenças cardiovasculares através da vasodilatação, efeito anti-arritmogênico, melhora na função contrátil pós-isquemia e inibição da proliferação celular do músculo liso vascular, sendo esses efeitos antagônicos àqueles observados pela angiotensina II. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a atividade da ECA2, concentrações plasmáticas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The arterial hypertension is a chronic disease, which can be controlled by changing the way of life, as well as by drug treatment, which demand specific Health Care sequence. The lack of adherence to sequence/treatment is one of the main obstacles the disease control. Characterize and analyze the profile of Health Care usage by a 192 patient cohort diagnosed with arterial hypertension in 1995, between the period of 2001 – 2005 and 2006 – 2010. It is a longitudinal study, retrospective and descriptive developed on School Health Center(SHC) which belongs to School of Medicine Botucatu –UNESP, in continuity of the previous research which has analyzed the sequence of the referred sample between the period of 1995 – 1999. The database was obtained from the patients records by using structured adapted forms appointed in the previous study phase. In the case there were transfers to other Health Care facilities, the database was obtained by the records either, while the patients attended the CSE. The database was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Predominated the patients in the age from 50 – 69 (47,9%), whites (93,2%), female (56,7%) with low level of education (72,7%). In the period of 2001 - 2005, 76 (39,5%) of the patients remained under sequence, and that 44 (22,9%) belonged to adherence group (GAD), 17 belonged to abandonment/adherent group (GAB/GAD) and 15 to the abandonment group (GAB), groups which were already identified by the study which has analyzed the period of 1995 – 1999. At the end of the third period of the sample sequence (2006 – 2010), 60 (31,2%) of the patients kept under medical sequence. The cohort’s mortality rate in the period reached 15,1% and 21,9% were transferred to other Municipal Health Care facilities. We conclude that the Health Care service usage by the 192 sample’s integrants kept the same model already identified in the previous analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Obesidade e comumente definida como um excesso de gordura corporal, porém diante da dificuldade em mensurar tal gordura diretamente, esta tem sido definida como um excesso de peso mais do que um excesso de gordura corporal, que tem como desdobramento a ocorrência de doenças associadas e/ou prejuízos a saúde do indivíduo (4). Atualmente, o excesso de massa corpórea e verificado por meio de um Indice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), que considera o quociente entre o peso corporal (kg) e a estatura elevada ao quadrado (m2). Indivíduos com sobrepeso apresentam IMC de 25 at e 29; 9 kg=m2, e com obesidade apresentam IMC de 30 Kg=m2 ou mais, de acordo com a OMS (1). A identificação das causas da obesidade não é trivial e objetiva. Especialistas reconhecem que a obesidade e uma doença crônica, de difícil tratamento, denominada multifatorial, envolvendo em sua gênese diversos aspectos, entre eles: o consumo alimentar, aspectos ambientais, genéticos, psicossociais, entre outros. objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo baseado em teoria dos conjuntos Fuzzy para a classificação de obesidade levando em consideração as suas causas, e compará-lo com um modelo de regressão logística através da curva ROC. Para estudar as causas da obesidade na população de moradores da região do Distrito Sul de Campinas, foram coletados dados de uma amostra aleatória de 651 indivíuos, por meio de entrevista domiciliar. No primeiro estágio amostral, a partir do cadastro de domicílios residenciais dos agentes comunitários de saúde, foram aleatoriamente sorteados 920 domicílios (15% a mais do inicialmente previsto para cobrir perdas). Foram coletados dados de identificação geral, como: nome, idade, sexo, anos de escolaridade, tipo de ocupação e dados de consumo alimentar. O diagnóstico foi observado através do IMC. Num estudo preliminar, no modelo fuzzy foram consideradas como variáveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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A utilização de novas tecnologias empregando a biologia molecular busca superar os principais problemas encontrados nas vacinas atualmente comercializadas no combate à brucelose bovina. Desta forma, a identificação de proteínas imunogênicas e a posterior transformação dos genes correspondentes em micro-organismos competentes tem sido um dos principais alvos para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de controle da infecção. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor, em base teórica, uma vacina de eficácia e segurança superiores às encontradas atualmente no mercado contra a brucelose bovina, antropozoonose contagiosa provocada principalmente pela espécie Brucella abortus. Essa enfermidade produz infecção característica em bovinos e bubalinos e é infecciosa ao homem, causando doença crônica que leva à incapacidade parcial ou total para o trabalho. Por ter distribuição universal, acarreta problemas sanitário e de saúde pública importantes e grandes prejuízos econômicos. A vacina proposta visa o desenvolvimento de microorganismos transformados contendo genes de proteínas de potencial imunológico que, após purificação, são usadas para o combate da doença. As proteínas recombinantes abordadas no presente estudo são as proteína ribossomal L7/L12 e a lumazina sintetase que, ao serem utilizadas em uma vacina subcelular, diferente das comercializadas atualmente, induzem resposta de longa duração, não induzem a produção de anticorpos que interfiram no diagnóstico e não são patogênicas ao homem.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB
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Tuberculosis infection among humans transmitted by products of animal origin can be caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a concern in developing countries, because the number of human cases is relatively high compared with countries that have implemented programs to eradicate bovine tuberculosis for many years. Because it is a chronic disease with subclinical evolution, it is transmitted to other animals in the herd livestock resulting in high loss losses resulting high (10 to 25%), as well as the zoonotic nature of the disease on public health. This work aimed to study the histomorphology of granulomas in samples of lymph nodes and lungs of animals with suggestive lesions of tuberculosis, as well as those similar to the sanitary inspection. The animals clinically healthy ante-mortem, were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in the northwestern state of Sao Paulo between April 2008 and April 2009, considering that carcasses had lymph nodes with lesions typical of tuberculosis, exhibiting nodular and hemorrhagic appearance. The caseous or calcified lesions, purulent or not, of various sizes and shapes, were also evaluated. Of the 307,661 animals slaughtered in the mentioned period, 494 gross suggestive lesions of tuberculosis and from 29 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, 16 from Mato Grosso do Sul, Goias 15, one from Mato Grosso and Paraná. Among these, 200 samples (40,5%) were processed for histopathological evaluation by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and 90 (45%) were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and examined by light microscopy. In HE staining, histopathological changes of tuberculosis were found in 197 (98,5%), classified according to the stage of development adopted by Wango et al.(31), where 29 samples were included in stage I (14,5%), 53 in stage II (26,5%), 87 in stage III (43,5%), 28 in stage IV (14%). In the ZN staining Mycobacterium sp was found in 89 (99%) of the specimens. The rate of tuberculosis in the herd studied was 0,16%. We conclude that the identification of the disease in slaughterhouses and meat companies from significant gross lesions, enables the implementation of effective measures, specifically the origin of the disease in cattle herds, providing control measures to prevent its spread.