503 resultados para Diamond cutters


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Nas últimas duas décadas, as cerâmicas avançadas têm sido exaustivamente utilizadas em aplicações na indústria devido às suas propriedades de elevada resistência ao desgaste e dureza. Entretanto, ainda se tem um alto custo agregado ao acabamento da peça. Esse acabamento geralmente é feito pelo processo de retificação, único processo economicamente viável que produz superfícies de elevada qualidade e precisão geométrica. Nesse contexto, as empresas vêm buscando a otimização no processo de retificação como, por exemplo, a redução do fluxo de fluido de corte utilizado, o que também visa atender exigências mundiais de preservação ambiental. Desta forma, este projeto pretendeu explorar a técnica da Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL) na retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho em cerâmicas com rebolos diamantados. Foram utilizados dois métodos de refrigeração: o convencional e o MQL, com três avanços de corte para cada caso. Foram usados um bocal convencional e um bocal para o MQL, tendo este um uniformizador de saída do jato. Foram analisadas como variáveis de saída: a emissão acústica, relação G, aspecto da superfície via microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), rugosidade e circularidade. Assim, embora a refrigeração convencional ainda apresente os melhores resultados em comparação com a refrigeração com MQL, esta última pode atender os requisitos necessários para diversas aplicações, em especial quando utilizadas baixas espessuras equivalentes de corte (h eq). Além disso, a técnica de MQL possui a vantagem de gerar um menor impacto ambiental em comparação com a lubrificação convencional, devido ao uso mínimo de fluido de corte cujo descarte é cada vez mais regulamentado e custoso.

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Uma das principais limitações relacionadas ao processo de retificação de cerâmica é a confiabilidade do material devido aos defeitos introduzidos no processamento. A compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na remoção de material durante a retificação e a interação com os parâmetros de processo e microestrutura é fundamental para minimizar estes defeitos. A proposta desta revisão é apresentar os modelos de remoção de material e a forma como afetam as propriedades mecânicas da peça final.

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Por meio de um trabalho multidisciplinar entre Engenheiros e Dentistas, foram estudados oito diferentes tipos de grãos abrasivos de diamantes para a fabricação de pontas adiamantadas e/ou rebolos de pequeno diâmetro. Verificou-se qual o grão mais adequado para ser empregado nas pontas, as quais são utilizadas em equipamentos que possuem um pequeno torque disponível. Uma metodologia de experimentação para avaliação da capacidade de corte destas ferramentas foi desenvolvida, utilizando-se o vidro como material a ser desgastado. Como resultados, observou-se que a estrutura e a friabilidade do grão de diamante afetam diretamente a capacidade de corte das pontas adiamantadas. Desta forma, o melhor tipo de diamante foi aquele que apresentou, ao mesmo tempo, as melhores condições de remoção de material e o menor preço.

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Over the last three decades, researchers have responded to the demands of industry to manufacture mechanical components with geometrical tolerance, dimensional tolerance, and surface finishing in nanometer levels. The new lapgrinding process developed in Brazil utilizes lapping kinematics and a flat grinding wheel dressed with a single-point diamond dresser in agreement with overlap factor (U(d)) theory. In the present work, the influences of different U(d) values on dressing (U(d) = 1, 3 e 5) and grain size of the grinding wheel made of silicon carbide (SiC = 800, 600 e 300 mesh) are analyzed on surface finishing of stainless steel AISI 420 flat workpieces submitted to the lapgrinding process. The best results, obtained after 10 minutes of machining, were: average surface roughness (Ra) 1.92 nm; 1.19 mu m flatness deviation of 25.4 mm diameter workpieces and mirrored surface finishing. Given the surface quality achieved, the lapgrinding process can be included among the ultra-precision finishing processes and, depending on the application, the steps of lapping followed by polishing can be replaced by the proposed abrasive process.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were grown from radiofrequency plasmas of acetylene-argon mixtures, at different excitation powers, P. The effects of this parameter on the plasma potential, electron density, electron temperature, and plasma activity were investigated using a Langmuir probe. The mean electron temperature increased from about 0.5 to about 7.0 eV while the mean electron density decreased from about 1.2x10(9) to about 0.2x10(9) cm(-3) as P was increased from 25 to 150 W. Both the plasma potential and the plasma activity were found to increase with increasing P. Through actinometric optical emission spectrometry, the relative concentrations of CH, [CH], and H, [H], in the discharge were mapped as a function of the applied power. A rise in [H] and a fall in [CH] with increasing P were observed and are discussed in relation to the plasma characteristics and the subimplantation model. The optical properties of the films were calculated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic data; the surface resistivity was measured by the two-point probe method. The optical gap, E(G), and the surface resistivity, rho(s), fall with increasing P. E(G) and rho(s) are in the ranges of about 2.0-1.3 eV and 10(14)-10(16) Omega/square, respectively. The plasma power also influences the film self-bias, V(b), via a linear dependence, and the effect of V(b) on ion bombardment during growth is addressed together with variation in the relative densities of sp(2) and sp(3) bonds in the films as determined by Raman spectroscopy.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were obtained by spinning a tungsten carbide substrate at a high speed using an oxyacetylene flame. The films deposited at a typical experimental condition of substrate temperature of 810 degrees C, rotation of 600 rpm and 3 h deposition time, exhibited an uniform, very smooth, hard and glassy surface covering the entire exposed face of the substrate. These films were identified as DLC by their characteristic broad Raman spectra centered at 1554 cm(-1) and micro-Vicker's hardness > 3400 kg mm(-2). For substrate temperatures < 800 degrees C the film started losing the uniform glassy surface and the hardness deteriorated. For temperatures > 950 degrees C the film was still hard and shiny, but black in color. DLC films were also obtained in a wide range of speeds of rotation (300-750 rpm), as long as the temperature remained close to 850 degrees C. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. S.A. All rights reserved.

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Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência das alterações de flora vaginal em gestantes de baixo risco, sua associação à sintomatologia referida e exame ginecológico. É estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, desenvolvido no serviço público de atenção básica de Botucatu, SP, no período de 2006 a 2008, com 289 gestantes, amostradas de forma estratificada por unidade. Realizou-se exame do conteúdo vaginal, utilizando-se coloração pelo método de Gram e pesquisa de Trichomonas vaginalis em meio líquido de Diamond. Desconsiderando-se as associações, a prevalência de flora vaginal alterada foi de 49,5%, sendo as mais frequentes: vaginose bacteriana (20,7%), candidíase vaginal (11,8%) e flora intermediária (11,1%). Os dados apontam elevada prevalência das alterações de flora vaginal, com pouca associação à sintomatologia, mas associação com achados do exame ginecológico. Considerando-se as repercussões maternas e perinatais indesejáveis e a prática laboratorial exequível, sugere-se o estabelecimento de rotina para diagnóstico das alterações de flora vaginal em gestantes de baixo risco.

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Purpose: This study compared the maintenance of tightening torque in different retention screw types of implant-supported crowns.Materials and Methods: Twelve metallic crowns in UCLA abutments cast with cobalt-chromium alloy were attached to external hexagon osseointegrated implants with different retention screws: group A: titanium alloy retention screw; group B: gold alloy retention screw with gold coating; group C: titanium alloy retention screw with diamond-like carbon film coating; and group D: titanium alloy retention screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating. Three detorque measurements were obtained after torque insertion in each replica. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test (P < 0.05), and t test (P < 0.05).Results: Detorque value reduced in all groups (P < 0.05). Group A retained the highest percentage of torque in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.05). Groups B and D retained the lowest percentage of torque without statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.05).Conclusions: All screw types exhibited reduction in the detorque value. The titanium screw maintained the highest percentage of torque whereas the gold-coated screw and the titanium screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating retained the lowest percentage. (Implant Dent 2012;21:46-50)

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This article reports clinical procedures used to remove residual bonded resin and enamel stains following bracket debonding at the conclusion of orthodontic treatment. A water-cooled fine-tapered diamond bur was used for resin removal, followed by enamel surface finishing using a commercially available microabrasion paste. It was noted that residual tooth coloration remained yellowish because of enamel translucency; the yellow dentin shade showed through. Additional tooth shade lightening was achieved using carbamide peroxide dental bleaching solution in custom-formed trays. This report describes a safe and effective technique that optimizes tooth appearance at the conclusion of orthodontic therapy. Mechanical resin removal, enamel microabrasion, and tooth bleaching are employed.

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This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength test (mu T), micromorphology of resin-enamel interface (RET) and etching patterns (EP) promoted by the etch-and-rinse adhesive, Prime&Bond NT (PB), and two self-etching adhesives, Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APR), to ground bovine enamel surfaces' when applied at temperatures of 5 degrees C (C), 40 degrees C (H) and 20 degrees C (R). Materials and Methods. Sixty-three bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine experimental groups (n=7) according to adhesive systems and temperatures. The buccal enamel surfaces were flattened with 600-grit SiC paper and abraded with a diamond bur under water-cooling. The adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. After the restorative procedures, the specimens were sectioned into five slabs. Four slabs were prepared for mu T and one for interface analysis. For etching pattern analysis, the remaining 16 bovine enamel fragments were used (n=2). The adhesives were applied and the surfaces were rinsed with organic solvents after application. The specimens for RET and EP analysis were prepared for SEM analysis. Results. No significant differences among the adhesives were found at R temperature. However, at 5 degrees C, PB and APR presented lower bond strength than SE. At H temperature, higher bond strength was observed for PB than for APR and SE. At C and H temperature, formation of the interdiffusion zone was impaired and the treated enamel surfaces presented an undefined EP.