Caracterização morfológica dos estádios de desenvolvimento do aparelho reprodutor masculino da rã-touro, Rana catesbeiana, no sistema anfigranja de criação intensiva

The objective of this work was to caracterize the morphological characterization of the development stages of male reproduction apparel of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana from intensive Anfigranja system. During the period of one year, 657 bullfrog males were removed from regrowing and reproduction sections in Anfigranja system to study basic aspects of the reproduction of this specie. The collections were realized monthly and, in that occasion, the body and testicles weights for each animal were recorded and their macroscopic gonadal characteristics, registred. Testicles from 274 males were removed and histologically analyzed. From the macro and microscopic gonadal characteristics, analysis set of the testicles, five stages of gonadal maturation for the male of Rana catesbeiana were determined: juvenile, beginning of maturation, intermediate maturation, advanced maturation and spent.

Estimativa do Tamanho da Primeira Maturação Sexual da Rã - Touro, Rana catesbeiana, no Sistema Anfigranja de Criação Intensiva

The objective of this research was to study the basic aspects of bullfrog reproduction in Anfigranja system from June 1989 to July 1990. For the 1493 animals involved in this experiment (657 males and 836 females) biometrical data were obtained (weight, length and tympanum diameter) and developmental stages of gonads were determined. Female sizes at first maturation were 10,33 cm and 109,78 g and for males it was around 8,09 cm; all males above 45 g were already in the maturation process. The relationship between tympanum diameter and body length (RTC) was considered a good index for male maturation.

Caracterização morfológica dos estádios de desenvolvimento do aparelho reprodutor feminino da rã-touro, Rana catesbeiana, no sistema anfigranja de criação intensiva

The objective of this work was to caracterize the morphological characterization of the development stages of female reproduction apparel of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana from intensive Anfigranja system. During the period of one year, 836 bullfrog females were removed from regrowing and reproduction sections of the Anfigranja system to study the basic aspects of the reproduction of this specie. The collections were realized monthly and, in that occasion, the body and ovary weights for each animal were recorded and their macroscopic gonadal characteristics, registred. The ovaries from 303 females were removed and histologically examined. From the macro and microscopic characteristics analysis set of the ovary, five stages of gonadal maturation for the female of Rana catesbeiana were determined: juvenile, beginning of maturation, intermediate maturation, advance maturation and spent.

Tratamento de esgoto e produção de água de reúso com o emprego de filtros de areia

In this research it was studied a system composed by the anaerobic filter combined with a sand filter for the wastewater treatment. For this, three anaerobic filters were operated with hydraulic detention time of nine hours which had the effluent disposed over four sand filters in different frequencies of application. on the first sand filter, 50 L.m(-2) were applied once a day. on the second, the third and the fourth filters, the same load was disposed in twice, three and four times a day, distributed between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. The system presented a final effluent suitable for the COD and BOD legislation maximum limit to be discharged into water body (Decreto Paulista no 8,468/1976), showing the viability of dispose a higher quantity of effluent then the one suggested by NBR 13969/1997, which guides the constructive aspects for this kind of treatment.

O emprego de medias acumuladas na aplicacao do modelo de Horton.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of accumulated means in two of Horton's laws of drainage composition: law of stream length and law of stream slope. Data used in the analysis were obtained from 30 drainage basins developed in the Paulistano Plateau and in the Serra do Mar escarpment, in the State of Sao Paulo. It was found that the application of accumulated means provides results according to Horton.-from English summary

Presença de detritos na região apical de dentes de cães apos o preparo biomecánico com ou sem o emprego de substância auxiliar cremosa.

The subject of this work is to observe if the employment of a cream (ENDO-PTC) during the root canal preparation contributes or not to the condensation of debris in the apical region. Twenty root canals of dogs teeth were divided into two experimental groups: in the first one, the biomechanical preparation was carried out up to the n. 50 Kerr file by using irrigation and aspiration with sodium hypochlorite. In the second experimental group the canal negotiation was done in the same way but using a cream (ENDO-PTC) with sodium hypochlorite as a lubrication substance. A final irrigation and aspiration with sodium hypochlorite was also done in this group. The animal was killed and the pieces prepared for histological analysis. The histological results show us that the employment of a cream during the negotiation of the root canal contributes to a higher condensation of debris in the apical area.

Emprego da imunofluorescência direta no estudo das alterações de mucosa de palato, compatíveis com candidíase atrófica crônica, em indivíduos portadores de próteses dentárias totais muco-suportadas.

Histopathology by hematoxilin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS), concomitant direct immunofluorescence (DI) against total human immunoglobulins and against Candida albicans, was effectuated in 25 persons dentures wearers. In 5 persons without chronic athrofic candidiasis (CAC) clinical signals in the palate the HE showed wise inflammatory elements in the connective tissue and the PAS marked the continuous basal layer, the intra-cellular grains of granular layer and the uniform parakeratin on epithelial surface. In 20 others, with palatal signals of CAC, in the HE was frequent the features encountered in Candida infected and PAS revealed, beside descontinuous lamina basal and epithelial surface covered by tide and discontinuous parakeratin, the presence of round bodies few largers that presents in the granular layer, casually isolated in the medial portion of ret pegs and connective papillae. In the first 5 persons the DI against total human immunoglobulins not showed signals of the humoral immunologic phenomena, the same was valid to others 20 patients with CAC clinical aspects. However the DI with conjugate against C. albicans in the 20 cases with CAC signals revealed suitable aspects of the structures assumed by Candida in tissues. Cultures of samples obtained of the persons with CAC signals was positive in 100% to Candida, 70% presumptively albicans, against 80% of positiviness to generus Candida, 67% presumptively albicans, in the persons without CAC signals.

Efeito do período de jejum na fase final de criação de frangos de corte machos sobre desempenho e mortalidade

The objective of this work was to evaluate effect of fasting period in the last growing phase on performance and mortality of male broilers. Two thousand one-day old male chicks were distributed in five randomized blocks according to a 4x2 factorial. (Four feeding programs (FP): ad libitum or one of three fasting schedules: 8-12, 12-16 and 8-16; and two strains (S): Ross or Hubbard-Peterson). Fifty birds were used per replicate. Birds were raised under identical feed and management conditions until day 42. During the experimental period (days 43-56), average temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI) recorded at day and at night were 29.4°C, 57.7 % and 78.1; and 22.0°C, 73.1% and 67.4, respectively. No SxP interaction was observed for all characteristics studied. At day 56, the Ross broilers showed higher mean weight (3104 g), weight gain, WG (3059 g), feed/ gain ratio, FC (2.22) and production factor, PF (213), than the Hubbard-Peterson birds (3011, 2967, 2.28 and 194, respectively). During the experimental period, the Ross broilers showed higher WG (831 g) and FC (3.40) than the Hubbard-Peterson ones (770 and 3.67, respectively). Birds submitted to the 8-12 h fast showed higher feed intake (2864 g) than those that fasted during the 8-16 period (2690). No effect of P on mortality was observed, either considering the overall period (days 1-56) or the experimental period (days 43-56). Fasting in the last phase of rearing not aided by other practices failed to decrease heat stress effects on performance and mortality of male broilers.

Emprego do reagente de fenton como agente coagulante na remoção de substâncias húmicas de água por meio da flotação por ar dissolvido e filtração

Fenton 's reagent was used as coagulant agent to treat water with high true color (100 ± 5 HU) caused by the introduction of humic substances extracted from peat, using dissolved air flotation. The pair value of coagulant dosage x coagulation pH was optimized to posterior construction of coagulation diagrams, reaching apparent color removal efficiency slightly superior to 60%. It was tried to simulate a treatment with complete cycle, carrying out an experiment with sand filtration after flotation, obtaining an effluent with excellent quality, presenting remnant apparent color, turbidity and absorbance of 253.7 nm less or equal to 2 HU, 0.40 TU and 0.009 cm -1, respectively, and residual total iron < 0.005 mg/L and DOC < 0.001 mg/L.

O emprego de hormônio luteinizante recombinante associado ao hormônio folículo-estimulante recombinante nos protocolos de estimulação ovariana com antagonista do GnRH

The purpose of this investigation was to verify the efficacy of recombinant LH supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in GnRH-antagonist protocol for assisted reproductive technologies cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1990 to 2006. In this review and meta-analysis, the observed advantages for the LH supplementation protocol were a higher serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration and a higher number of mature oocytes. However, there were no differences observed in the total amount of r-FSH administered, days of stimulation, number of oocyte retrieved, the clinical pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval, the implantation rate and miscarriage rate. This result demonstrates that the association of r-LH with r-FSH may prevent any decrease in estradiol after antagonist administration and a significant higher number of mature oocytes was obtained. Nevertheless, additional randomized controlled trials are needed confirm these observations.

Emprego da sondagem elétrica vertical com o método da eletroresistividade no estudo do lixão de Macapá-Ap

Vertical electrical soundings using eletroresistivity method were carried out in the public waste landfill in Macapá - AP, having as a goal to investigate the geoelectrical and hidrogeologic characteristics of the ground. The results of geophysics interpretation allowed obtaining a model of five geoelectrical layers until the depth of 14,6 m. This model is correlated to a sedimentary sequence of clay-silt-sandy with laterite. The main flow of the water table, also determined, is concordant to the topographical gradient.

Animais de laboratório: O camundongo

The animal experimentation in the scientific research has contributed excessively for the development of science and technology, promoting to long of the years the discovery of prophylactic measures and treatments for diseases that attack the humans. Animals of some species have been used in the last times, being the mouse the more intensely used and more deeply known scientifically. The objective of this work was to carry through a bibliographical survey including data of our research group, about the use of mice in the animal experimentation, approaching its general biology, reproduction physiology, creation systems, genetics, habitation, feeding, handling, pain and euthanasia, techniques of risk developed in the experimentation, blood collection, pharmacological and toxicological experiments. Although current trends praise the use of alternative methods (in vitro studies, cells cultures, etc.), the animal models, as the mouse, present as main advantage the supply of information on the organism as a whole, fact that is not obtained with other methods, what still it makes possible its utilization in scientific research.