Agronomic effectiveness of cationic phosphate impurities present in superphosphate fertilizers as affected by soil pH

The general concept that low-water-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers should be more agronomically effective when applied to acidic soils was developed based on sources containing mainly calcium (Ca)-P compounds, but it may not hold true for sources with different chemical composition. To obtain information related to this issue, two important iron (Fe)-potassium (K)-P compounds present in superphosphates [Fe 3 KH 8 (PO 4 ) 6·6H 2 O, H8, and Fe 3 KH 14 (PO 4 ) 8·4H 2 O, H14] were prepared and characterized. These P sources were used to provide 30 and 60 mg P kg -1 as neutral ammonium citrate (NAC)+H 2 O-soluble P. Reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was used as a standard P source with high water solubility with an additional rate of 120 mg P kg -1 included. Also, mixtures of both Fe-K-P compounds and MCP were prepared to provide 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total P as MCP. All sources were applied to a clayey loamy acid soil (pH 5.3) classified as Rhodic Kanhapludult. The soil was incubated at two rates (0 and 10 g kg -1 ) of lime, which resulted in pH 5.4 and 6.8. Upland rice was cultivated to maturity. The H14 compound confirmed to be a highly effective source of P for the rice plants at both soil pH, as opposed to the H8, which was poorly effective when applied alone. When mixed with water-soluble P (WSP), the H8 was able to provide P to the plants with the maximum yield of upland rice reached with 54.8 and 80.5% of WSP for pH 5.4 and 6.8, respectively. The high agronomic performance of the H14 compound clearly indicates that this low-water-soluble P source cannot be deemed as ineffective at high soil pH. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

The mechanism of dephosphorylation of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate in mixed micelles of cationic surfactants and lauryl hydroxamic acid

(Figure Presented) Mixed micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTABr) and the α-nucleophile, lauryl hydroxamic acid (LHA) accelerate dephosphorylation of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate (BDNPP) over the pH range 4-10. With a 0.1 mole fraction of LHA in DTABr or CTABr, dephosphorylation of BDNPP is approximately 10 4-fold faster than its spontaneous hydrolysis, and monoanionic LHA - is the reactive species. The results are consistent with a mechanism involving concurrent nucleophilic attack by hydroxamate ion (i) on the aromatic carbon, giving an intermediate that decomposes to undecylamine and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and (ii) at phosphorus, giving an unstable intermediate that undergoes a Lossen rearrangement yielding a series of derivatives including N,N-dialkylurea, undecylamine, undecyl isocyanate, and carbamyl hydroxamate. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Chemical and biological characterization of four new linear cationic α-helical peptides from the venoms of two solitary eumenine wasps

Four novel peptides were isolated from the venoms of the solitary eumenine wasps Eumenes rubrofemoratus and Eumenes fraterculus. Their sequences were determined by MALDI-TOF/TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis, Edman degradation and solid-phase synthesis. Two of them, eumenitin-R (LNLKGLIKKVASLLN) and eumenitin-F (LNLKGLFKKVASLLT), are highly homologous to eumenitin, an antimicrobial peptide from a solitary eumenine wasp, whereas the other two, EMP-ER (FDIMGLIKKVAGAL-NH 2) and EMP-EF (FDVMGIIKKIAGAL-NH 2), are similar to eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF), a mast cell degranulating peptide from a solitary eumenine wasp. These sequences have the characteristic features of linear cationic cytolytic peptides; rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids with no disulfide bond, and accordingly, they can be predicted to adopt an amphipathic α-helix secondary structure. In fact, the CD (circular dichroism) spectra of these peptides showed significant α-helical conformation content in the presence of TFE (trifluoroethanol), SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) and asolectin vesicles. In the biological evaluation, all the peptides exhibited a significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities, but showed virtually no hemolytic activity. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Contribuição eletrostática e não eletrostática na interação de peptídeos líticos com membranas modelo

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

Ciclo reprodutivo de machos de Dendropsophus minutus (Anura, Hylidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Arteroids: a poética do jogo e o jogo poético em redes digitais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interação de poli(etileno glicol) com brometo de dioctadecildimetilamônio e didodecilmetilamônio em dispersões aquosas

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

Transição vesícula-micela em misturas de dispersões de vesículas com soluções de micelas

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

Sperm Bundles in the Seminal Vesicle of the Crematogaster victima (Smith) Adult Males (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Characterization of Rhinodrilus alatus hemoglobin (HbRa) and its subunits: Evidence for strong interaction with cationic surfactants DTAB and CTAC

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Transição vesícula-micela em mistura aquosa de sais dialquilados de amônio quaternário com Pluronic® F127

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE